CrystallizationLabReport

Abstract:
Theprocessstartedwith0.5goftetramethylammoniumiodideispreparedandthenis
mixedwith0.6gofiodine.Thecompoundarethenaddedby12mLof95%ofethanol.The
compoundthenwentthroughacrystallizationprocesswhichproduce0.9gofpurplecrystal.
Withthisbeingstatedtheamountofiodineeffectthecolorofthecrystalsbeingproduced.

Purpose:
Thepurposeofthisexperimentistoseehowtheamountofsubstancethatisplaceinto
thesolutionwillhaveanimpactonthecolorofcrystals.
Introduction:
Crystallizationisatechniqueusedtopurifysubstance.Itisafundamentalpurification
techniquethatscientistneedstomaster.Itisaprocesswhereacompoundofliquidisheatedto
formcrystaloutofliquid,orinothercasesgascoulddirectlybecondensedintocrystaldueto
[1]
chemicalreaction.
Theaimofthepurificationistogetthemostoutofthe%yield.The%yield

ishowpurethesubstancesinpercent.The%yielddependsupontheaccuracyofthe
measurementandtime.

Materials:
Tetramethylammoniumiodide
Iodine(crystal)

 Beaker
Testtube
Epitube
Graduatedcylinder
Stirringrod
Heater
Suctionfiltration
Ethanol
Washglass
Scale
Hexane

Procedure:
1.Usethepaperforweighingout0.5g.tetramethylammoniumiodide,thenpouritintothethe
beaker.
2.UsearodtostirMe4N/Nandbreakittosmallerpieces.
3.Weight0.6gofiodineandpouritintothebeaker.
4.Measureout12mLof95%ethanolandit.
5.Slowlyheatthebeaker.Theyboilsfast.Theyboilatlowtemperature.
6.Slowlyremovethebeakerfromheatsources.Dontdisturbit.Waitforittocooldownand
formcrystal.
7.Aftertheproductisformed,Putitintotheicetubtoformmorecrystal.
8.Whilewaiting,setupyoursuctionfiltration.

9.Putthecrystalsonwhatwehavesetup.
10.Purifyitwith2x7mL.ofhexaneMax5x.
11.Takecrystalsouttoweight.

Data/Results
**addpic

ChemicalSubstances(Reactant)

Amount

Tetramethylammoniumtriiodide

0.90g

Crystalsstarttoformupobviouslyafterheat
up,cooldownthetemperatureofthesolution
thatcontains12mL.of95%Ethanol,
Tetramethylammoniumiodideandiodine.
Thenputthebeakerintocoldwater.

ClearthesolutionbyHexanetogetonly
crystals.

Takeoutclearcrystalsandputthemonwash
glass.

Measureweightofthecrystals.
crystalweight=0.90g

Calculation:

Reactionformula: Me4N +I + I 2[MeN +]I 3

M olecularMassofMe4N +I = (1)(74.14) + (1)(126.91)

= 201.05amu
1molMe N +I

4
0.5gMe4N +I 201.05gMe
= 2.49103molMe4N +I
N +I
4

1mol[MeN +]I

2.49103molMe4N +I 1molMe4N +I3 = 2.49103mol[MeN +]I 3

M olecularMassofI 2

= (2)(126.91)

= 253.82amu
1molI

0.6gI 2 253.82gI2 2 = 2.36103molI 2

2.36103molI 2

1mol[MeN +]I3
1molI2

= 2.36103mol[MeN +]I 3LimitingReagent

M olecularMassof[MeN +]I 3
2.36103mol[MeN +]I 3

454.97g[MeN +]I3
1mol[MeN +]I3

actualyield
P ercentY ield = theoreticalyield
100
0.90
P ercentY ield = 1.074
100

P ercentY ield = 0.837100

P ercentY ield = 83.7%

Discussion:

= (1)(74.14) + (3)(126.91)

= 1.074g[MeN +]I 3

= 454.97amu


To
separatesuspendedsolidmatterfromaliquid
,wewillusetheprocesscalledfiltration.
Therearetwotypesoffiltration,whicharesuctionfiltrationandgravityfiltration.Suction
filtrationisaprocessforseparatingasolidproductfromasolventorliquidreactionmixture.The
mixtureofsolidandliquidispouredthroughafilterpaperinaBuchnerfunnel.Thesolidis
trappedbythefilterandtheliquidisdrawnthroughthefunnelintotheflaskbelow,bya
[2]
vacuum.

Gravityfiltrationistheprocesstoremovesolidimpuritiesfromanorganicliquid.The

impuritycanbeadryingagentoranundesiredsideproductorleftoverreactant.Gravityfiltration
canbeusedtocollectsolidproduct,althoughgenerallysuctionfiltrationisusedforthispurpose
[3]
becauseitisfaster.
Accordingtotheexperiment,
thereare0.6gand1.3gofiodine.Eachof

themgetsaspecificcolor,0.6ggetspurplecrystalsand1.3ggetsgreencrystalsandthatis
becausetheamountofiodineisusedtodeterminethestructureofcrystals.Theloweramountof
iodinecanonlyformtriiodide,whilethehigheramountcanformuptopentaiodide.Sinceeach
amountofiodineformdifferentstructure,itwillalsogetdifferentcolorandtherewillbesome
greencrystalassociatedwithpurplecrystalsthecolorofcrystalbecausethefollowingreaction
cannotcontrol100%ofthestructure,sothesideproductfromthisreactionwouldbeseenas
greenishcolor.Thus,thecolorofcrystalisduetotheamountofiodine.Ourpercentyieldis
83.79%.Itshowsthatwemade83.79%ofwhatweshouldhavemade,whichisconsideredina
goodratebecausetheoutcomecameoutnottoolowandshowsthatsomeoftheproducthaslost
duringtheprocess.However,
the
reactantdidnotdissolveeasybecauseifitdissolveeasyit
willbeeasyforthesolutiontoassociatewithcompound,whichmadetheprocessof
crystallisationhardtooccur.
Conclusion:

0.90gofTetramethylammoniumtriiodidewasmadewithayieldof
83.79
%

References(SERN):
1.B.A.,Ryane.LabInstructor,Chemistry11,Section5.(MahidolUniversity
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DemonstrationInternationalSchool:NakornPatom,Thailand.).December2015.
2.

Crystallization.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from

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http://orgchem.colorado.edu/
3.
Suctionfiltration.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from
https://en.wikipedia.org/
4.
GravityFiltration.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember18,2015,from

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http://www.chemilp.net/labTechniques/