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HVAC Notes:

BTU =352 Cal

m= 3.28 ft
m2=10.76 ft2
m3=35.28 ft3
m3/hr. = 36/60 cfm.
L/S = 2.118 cfm
Optimum Face air velocity on cooling coil = 500 ft /min.
ESHF (effective sensible heat factor) 0.72 = room sensible heat / room total
heat
CFM = Room sensible heat + (0.1*OASH {Outside air sensible
heat})/1.08*0.9*(Tdbin-TADP)
Through distance of any diffuser cant exceed 1.75m in each direction.
Velocity at AHU discharge (Main duct) = 1200 ft/min
Velocity at FCU discharge (Main Duct) = 800 ft/min
Velocity for factories take it = 3000 ft/m
Aspect ratio = Width/Height 3
Velocity at Diffuser discharge = 500:600 ft/min
Jet diffuser used when the place height is high.
Pressure drop in fire or volume damper = 0.12 wg.
Pressure drop of Diffusers = 0.1 wg.
Location of fire damper at return duct.
Stop @ page 76from
HVAC Iman ..
12 : 16 one guide vane in the elbow
16 : 24 two guide vane
More than 24 three guide vanes
Air plenum of AHU length = 80 cm.
Air plenum for damping the velocity of air
Arm flix used to insulate sound.

ventilation

= Place Volume(ft3) * n (no. of air change per hour) /60

Velocity in Kitchen hood discharge = 1800 fpm: 2200 fpm & CFM hood= Hood
area * Velocity
Velocity in kitchen hood= 100:150 fpm
Hood Area = 25 + cm ( minimum in all directions)
In garage: we put exhaust grill at 30: 50 cm from the earth surface if we have
gases weight more than air weight.
Velocity at grill discharge = 600: 700 fpm
Supply grill is bigger than return grill = 0.72/0.63.
Supply grill area( = ) supply duct area /0.63
Return grill area ( = ) return duct area/0.72
Dont install any elbow in the entrance of fan but you install it after distance
equal 2D (D= impeller diameter).

The minimum distance between fan & the wall = 2D

Total static head of Fans:

* Fan Static head = pressure drop per feet * L + pressure drop in elbow, tees,
Leq + Pressure drop of diffuser +Pressure drop @ volume /fire damper.

Pump:
NPSH
cavitation
.
:
-1
-2

.NPSH
Vortex Problem:

pressure loss
NPSH
anti-vortex plate
head GPM .
rpm 1450 water
.supply
rpm 2900 GPM
.
HP1/HP2 = (N1/N2)3

H1/H2 = (N1/N2) 2,

N1/N2 = Q1/Q2..,

Pump Hook up:

)1- Flexible connections (rubber
n=2
2- Gate valve
n=2
3- Check valve at pump discharge n =1

n =1
n=1

4- Strainer at pump suction line

5- Pressure gauge at suction line

Reducer eccentric
air packet .cavitation
two accessories 2D D .Impeller
"2

pressure loss vapor pressure
.cavitation
=Chiller 10f
1TR= 2.4 GPM
=Chiller 12f
1TR= 1.9 GPM
.
GPM
5fps friction Loss . 10ft/100ft
GPM 5fps friction loss
If you dont find the pressure drop in catalogues:
Assume that:
Pressure drop in FCU = 15 ft
Pressure drop in chiller = 20 ft.

Pressure loss in pipe = friction loss in straight pipe + friction loss in fitting
)=no. ft./100ft ( pipe length+ fitting equivalent length
In circulation pump the static head didnt enter with me in calculations
)(height of building
?Why do we use Balancing Valve in FCU
FCU chiller

Balancing valve
. FCU
Diversity Factor %75 %90

 office building
.diversity factor 90%
max load
.diversity factor 75%

MAXIMUM LOAD = 1000TR

So Block load = diversity factor* maximum load= 0.9 * 1000 = 900TR
three chillers.
chiller .stand by
chiller.
Expansion tank:
Types:
Open expansion tank
.head
Closed expansion tank:

expansion tank :
chiller
expansion tank
.
.

Calculation of CFM for path room

Take
or 2 cfm/ ft2 of floor.

SMACNA

: -:
- ): (Air Duct
-1 .

ACH for path room = 12 ACH

 -2 .
-3 .
-4 volume damper Fire damper & splitter .
-5 Volume damper Fire damper .
-6 Gauge . Smacna
-7 Smacna )Grooved
(seam ).Pittshurgh lock (Smacna page 1.67
-8 ) )Smacna )( (Drive slip,standing
.(page1.61
-9 Guide vanes ) (Turning vanes )Smacna page
.(2.5
-10 . Fire damper
-11 ) ( ).(Smacna page 4.7
-12 .
-13 ) (rod ) (rod .Smacna (Smacna page 4.Cool
-14 ).smacna (Smacna page 4.6
-15 ). (Canvace
-16 .
-17 Bell mouth & Bird screen
.
Flexible duct -18 coller .clamp
-19 ) (Take off .
-20 ) (plenum A.H.U ) (volume dampers .
- ): (Duct insulation
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .Sticker Pins
-4 ). (Sleeves
-5 .
-6 .Vapor Barrier Coating
- ): (Air out lets

 -1 .
-2 .
-3 ) (.
-4 .
-5 .
-6 plenum box .
-7 Coller clamb
. Plenum Box
:
- 1 .
-2 .
-3
.
- 4 ) (
.
-5 .
- 6
.
:
-1 ) (Duct corner ) (.
-2 .
-3 .
- :
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .
-7 .
-8 .

 -9 .
-10 ) (Thermal expansion .
- 11 DIE-
. Electric Union
-12 Seismic joint .
-13 .
-14 ) (Sleevs .
-15 ) (.G.V. & B.V .
-16 .
-17 .
- :
-1 .
-2 .
-3 ).(Sleeves
-4 .
- 5 Vapor Barrier
.Coating
:
) ( :
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
) ( :
-1 ) (
24 .
- 2
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
: -:

:(F.C.U) (A.H.U) -
-1 ) Submittals (F.C.U , A.H.U .Name plate
-2 .
-3 .
-4 ). (A.H.U
-5 ) (A.H.U .
-6 .
-7 ). (Canvace
-8 die electric union . F.C.U
- :
-1 .Submittal
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 ). (Canvace
- :
-1 .Submittal
-2 .
-3 .
- :
-1 .Submittal
-2 .
-3 .
- :
-1 .Submittal
-2 .
- 3 .
-4 2 .
-5 . Air vent
- 6 .

 -7 .
-8
1
2
2 24/ 3 0.5 .
-9 "1 ) 41-3
(.
-10 .
-11 Trap . drain
) Air-separators - ( :
-1 Air vent .
: Pressurizing unit -
-1 fully automatic .closed expansion tank
- :
-1 .Submittal
- 2 .
-3 .
-4 ) equalizer C.T 2 (

Lec 1 :
Gallon = 3.75 L
Calculate GPM in HVAC
GPM = BTU per hr/500* delta T
Delta T = 54 44 f = 10 f
42
12
10 12
12 10

10
12
GPM

 :
Steel, Capper -1
) (
.
.

-2
-3

Seamless black steel SCH. 40

.
40
.
:
. 3
. 4
.
.ft/ 100ft 10 5fps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=bk78faMN9HA&list=PLVSl8ekBBwUaZKITQ4p_axEAIwlplCdFI&inde
x=3

Pressure drop
System Pressure drop = friction loss pressure drop + chiller cooling coil pressure
drop (from catalog) or assume from (15ft: 20ft) + FCU or AHU cooling coil pressure
drop (AHU 6: 10ft), FCU (4ft: 6ft).
Pressure drop due to difference of level didnt include with me in calculation
because we in closed circuit but in open circuit like firefighting and plumbing we
take the consideration of difference between levels (building height).
Friction loss = friction loss/100ft * Pipe length + equivalent length of elbow (type
long), tee, valves (from tables)
After that * 1.1 safety factor.

Water balancing
1- Balancing valve on the return pipe ( or based on the supplier catalog)
GPM
or
2- Reverse return to equal pressure drop (
)

 hvac:

) ( )
:(
1-
...........
2-
)

) (

............. 3
10 ( check 3-
cfm
)
.
) 4-
( )
(

......................
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(
6-
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7-

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(
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bulk head ) (
level
....
............ ......

.1 ) ( )
) ( I.D
(
... ..
.
.2 3 40
3.4
.3 3.4 )
B.O.D + 3.40 M F.F.L bottom of duct positive
3.40 meter form finished floor level

.4 ............
) (..........
.5 D
P ....... B.O. P + 3.70 M F.F.L
BOTTOM OF PIPE 3.70 FROM FINSHED FLOOR LEVEL

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
. 10.

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. composite drawing
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) ... .....
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macBookAir
3 ..... ....
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(
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 -3 trim )
(...

) builders work ( 4

9 :

-1 .....
-2
-3
-4
-5 ) ( sleeves
-6
-7
-8 ) (
-9

) (...
.....
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( sleeve
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.......

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......
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:
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clearance

 )
( .....
release
.....
:

DESIGN DRAWING SHOP

DRAWING

....

....
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: ....
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) ( title block

-6

..... builders
work 3:

:
)
.... -
...... (
color 8
) ....
(
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)
( finish floor level
148 - 125 - 80 - 79 - 71 - 61 - 57 - 41 - 40 - 28 - 27 - 26 - 24 - 23 - 22 - 18 - 1
214 -213 - 212 - 211 - 209 - 207 - 204 - 203 - 197 -