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simply-supported composite
slabs with interface slip
K. W. Poh
BHP Research - Melbourne Laboratories, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
M. M. Attard
Department of Civil Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South
Wales, Australia
(Received April 1992; revised version accepted August 1992)
Interface slip between the concrete and the profiled steel sheet in a
composite slab may lead to a significant drop in the stiffness and the
strength of the slab. This paper presents a numerical procedure which
can be used to calculate the behaviour of the slab, including the interface slip, the deflection and the strength of the slab. Nonlinear
material properties are assumed and the interface slip is considered
to be resisted by the combined resistance of mechanical interlock and
friction between the concrete and the profiled steel sheet. The deflection and the interface slip of the slab are calculated from integration
of the cross-section curvatures and the slip strains which are determined from analyses of the composite cross-sections along the slab.
By repeating the deflection calculation for each increment of load, the
load-deflection behaviour of the slab is obtained. The slab is considered to fail when any cross-section along its length reaches its
peak moment.
Keywords: composite slab, friction, interface slip, load-deflection
curve, mechanical interlock, moment-curvature curve, profiled steel
sheeting
0141-0296/93/050359-09
1993 Butterworth-HeinemannLtd
Modelling
Modelfing the material properties
Notation
Zi
Aint
AM
b
J,,
Ev
F
Fc
Fcc
Fchmq~
F,
Flim
F.,
F~et
F,,
F,
g
Msec
M~,,i
~t
M,,,,
n
P
Q~t
st
Send
V
x
Yt
X<
Ycc
Yi
6
(-c
~t
(-o
6slq~
Eslipfi)
6y
Oc
360
F~Ec(al - 206600~)
(1 + b~e,.)
(1)
where
al = 3900 (F, + 7.0)-0.953
bl = 65600 (F, + 10.0)-1.085 _ 850
The model is not restricted to this stress-strain equation;
other stress-strain equations may also be used. The concrete, being weak in tension is assumed to be unable to
resist any tensile stress.
(2)
(3)
L.
_LI-
_1
(re+l)
z,,,
2,,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
" p'..
" 1."
"l
x
b
X
"
.,.
C
Model of composite cross-section. (a), composite slab
section with profiled steel sheeting; (b), aggregation of materials
at some depth to form continuous elements; (c), concrete beneath
neutral axis ineffective under positive bending, so ignored
Figure 2
(Point load)
~-
A
i
"
(UDL)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
: . . . . .
--------
- _
i
.
l~///.//////////////,////,///////////////////'////,////////.//////////~
(Symmetrical)
Section A - A'
V
A
I
V///////////////////M
F-FV
";
: : 2 32 Z 2 C : :
L',_t
At node i :
~c
"1
A'
= FCC = FSt
1~ Plim
361
F = F,., = F,,
(5)
where x, is the length of slab overhang beyond the support. Note that F[,,, is a function of the support reaction
and is therefore dependent on the magnitude of the external applied load.
Complete interaction: If the force F is less than the
available resistance F~,.... no slip occurs and the condition of complete interaction is maintained at the node.
Thus, at a node with complete interaction
F < Fli,,,
(6)
'
L.
I-
y=0
(7)
(4)
Cross-sectional analysis
Here, general equations are formulated for both complete and partial interaction, to enable the momentcurvature behaviour of the cross-section to be computed.
In conventional nonlinear analysis of a reinforced concrete cross-section (complete interaction), the m o m e n t curvature behaviour of the cross-section is normally
obtained by incrementing the curvature (or strain) and
calculating the corresponding bending moment of the
cross-section. The cross-section is generally divided into
a large number of elements and the depth of the neutral
axis is determined using an iterative procedure based on
the equilibrium conditions of the cross-section ~3. To
incorporate slip strain (partial interaction) introduces
another unknown and makes the iterative procedure
formidable.
The basic equations are derived using a model of the
cross-section of the composite slab as shown in Figure
3(a). The strain distribution is assumed to vary linearly
along the depth of the cross-section. When the steel
interacts completely with the concrete, the strain distribution is linear (see Figure (3b)). When the two materials slip along their interface a strain difference, Cs,p exists
at the interface (see Fiyure 3(c)).
Concrete cross-section: The compressive strain at the
top fibre is denoted by %. The resultant compressive
force acting on the concrete element, F,,, and its position below the extreme top fibre, y,,, are obtained by
integrating the concrete stresses. Using the CEB stressstrain relationship
t7,, =Kbe,,d,,
(8)
206600
K
eo
(9)
_I
-I
E0
E 0 Referenceaxis
Neutralaxis
g:2
~3
V.
'I
&l
TO I
En. u
/*-./
Esnp
a
Figure 3 Cross-sectional analysis. (a), composite slab section; (b), Strain distribution, full interaction; (c), strain distribution, partia
interaction
362
S i m p l y - s u p p o r t e d c o m p o s i t e slabs." K. W. Poh a n d M. M. A t t a r d
where
K = ~
a l ( z - ln(1 +
z))
---z+ln(l
- 206600 %z (-z~
+ z))]
F s i ~- Fse i Jr Fsp i
(12)
M,~ = M, ei + M,e~
(13)
The elastic terms are derived using the strains at the top
and bottom of the steel element. That is
Z ----- b l E 0
Fse i = 0 . 5 E s ( e i Jr 6 i + i)Ai
(14)
M s e l _~ Fseil i
(I5)
y,, = d,,/3.
where
hi = ti(yi + 1 - Yi)
(]0)
M,.,. = F,,y,,
(Y
1)eo
li =
i+l
~-s..o
it
( y / d , - 1)% - e,lip
i=1
(16)
(11)
i=1
Table 1
i=1
M.,=SM.,
i=l
] ~ M./ +
i=1
(17)
M.pi
i=1
Case
Yield state
Fspi
Mspi
(i)
Fully elastic
0
1 Estidn (~i+1 -
I~vl) 2
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
-Fsei + EsAileyl
(v)
-Fsei - EsAi le v I
(vi)
co
dn
(Yi+1 + yi)
2
(Yi + 1 " +
Yi)
363
(18)
(19)
F, pi
(20)
i=1
_ eo
(21)
dn
6 =
For the case with partial interaction, the sectional
forces are limited by F,m and therefore
F,., = F.,,,
(22a)
F~, = F,,,,
(22b)
Using equations (8) and (22a), the neutral axis depth can
be obtained. That is
L~
2m
(23)
Kb%
F,i,, :
tt
Jl
F, ei + ~
i=l
Ev,i
(25)
i=2
esi (11
1)
(26)
i=2
(24)
i I
364
The interface slip along the slab at each load step can
also be obtained by integrating the slip strains of the
cross-sections. Since only simply supported slabs with
symmetric loading are considered, there is no slip at
mid-span and the interface slip at the ends of the slab is
calculated from
Send -~- 2 m
d,, - Flim
! +
Cross-section m o m e n t capacity
For the case of complete interaction, *,he moment
capacity of a cross-section is the maximum moment
from the moment-curvature curve generated assuming
zero slip strain. When there is a slip strain, the moment
capacity is reduced. For partial interaction, the
moment-curvature response of a cross-section will
vary with the loading since the interface slip resistance
F~,,,, is dependent on the magnitude of the support reaction, as well as the distance of the cross-section from the
support. For a given load level, F,m can be calculated
and the moment-curvature curve generated. If the peak
moment on the moment-curvature curve generated is
less than the bending moment on the cross-section, the
moment capacity has been exceeded, and the slab is considered to have failed.
Complete interaction
If the slip resistance of the slab is large enough to prevent slip along the entire span, the moment-curvature
(M-Q) behaviour of the cross-section at every node is
identical. The load-deflection (P-6) curve obtained
(referred to as the complete interaction curve in Figure
5) is called here the parent P-6 curve.
Partial interaction
Profiled steel sheeting: T30 Hi-Bond steel sheet
Overall slab length
= 2660 mm
slab width, b
= 456 mm
Overall slab depth
= 152 mm
Supported span, L
= 2440 mm
Concrete compressive strength, F,
= 27.6 MPa
Steel yield strength, E,
= 345 MPa
The interface slip resistance (rm and Ix) between the
concrete and steel sheeting was not measured. Nevertheless, this example is used to study quantitatively the
effects on the load-deflection behaviour of varying r,,
and Ix values.
The profiled steel sheeting section is modelled using
four rectangular elements. The concrete slab section is
modelled as a rectangular element lying immediately
above the neutral axis. The actual composite crosssection and the modelled cross-section are shown in
Figures 4(b) and 4(c).
Due to the symmetry of the slab and loading, only half
of the span is modelled. The half span is divided into 50
nodes (m = 49), equally spaced apart. To generate the
load-deflection behaviour of the slab, the applied load
is incremented in 1 kN steps, and eo is incremented in
steps of 0.0001.
L
_1 P
L/2
I "~'~"
L = 2440
L~
z,6o
r"
a
;P.
83
mz
54
T-
"3
456
-: F ":~
_1_ 15Z _1
-I-
=1
v~
70
_ (/'=l.21mm)
r I
Completeinteraction
6O
f;7o , Nmm-2
0'45
~----ot~_ o.35
5O
L
_l
"3
456
r
~.'-Element ~
"
. "- . - L - - ~ - - _ . . L - L _ I _ '
- P l ~ - 6 f If
f_2
~4o
20
f ' ~
Figure 4 Composite slab tested by Abdel-Sayed et al TM. (a), support and loading conditions; (b), actual cross-section; (c),
modelled c r o s s - s e c t i o n
0.25
Experimental
0.20
curve " 0
~ ~ m - o
IO
I
/ -
10
20
30
Midspan deflection{mm)
-I
40
"~
50
365
30
over the support at each end. Loading was applied symmetrically at two loading points using line loads across
the slab. The distances between the two loading points
differ for the three specimens and are as shown in Figure
Experimentalcurve~
I'0
- - - ~ ~
~2o
o
M
,o
8(a).
Modelling the slabs
~.
I
IO
I
20
Lo244o
I
30
.4
I
40
50
Midspan deflection(mm)
Figure 6 Load-deflection curves for partial interaction compared with experimental curve from AbdeI-Sayed et al. TM.
~'m = 0.1 N m m - 2
To generate the load-deflection curve using the procedure described here, the steel sheet section is modelled
using three rectangular elements. The concrete slab section is modelled as a rectangular element lying
immediately above the neutral axis (Figure 8(b)). The
half span is considered to be divided into 50 equally
spaced nodes. Load is incremented in steps of 1 kN and
% in steps of 0.0001.
Complete interaction
Comparison of load-deflection
e x p e r i m e n t a l results
behaviour with
/2
130
0.033
P/2
I
..........
"
3100
Specimen
. . . . . . .
3252
0,022'
P/2
P/2
0.011]
V - 20.33
Load
).67
50.0
130
J Specimen
3100
3252
I00
Node
/ 2
~
130
---
P/2
1257
I Specimen
3.07
3100
3252
(~ 2.05
1.02
30.00
20.33
0
5v.v
I~!~
Node
O.67 Load
Figure 7 (a), slip strain along half span (node 0 at midspan, node
50 at support end). (b), slip along half span (node 0 at midspan,
node 50 at support end)
366
I~_4-~7~.6
~ -- j /-~
- ~-(Vorioble)
b
Figure 8 Composite slabs tested by Abendroth and Porter ~5.
(a), support and loading condition; (b), modelled cross-section
actio;
1404
120
I00
80
e
--- Partialinteraction
-J 60
4020-
Conclusions
Midspan deflection(mm)
lO0
90
807060-
-~ 50-
Partialinteraction
-~ 4o50Experimentolcurve
20I0-
7:5
60
References
omplete interaction
5O
40-
~ 3020Io
O
,~
~o
36
4'o
5o
60
Figure 9
Partial interaction
The slabs are next analysed assuming the interface
forces of the slabs are limited by the interface slip
367