Theoretical and Conceptual Differences Between The Conventional Economics

INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL
ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE ECONOMA
INGLS PARA ECONOMISTAS II

M. en C. VIANEY RAMIREZ SILES
THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL DIFFERENCES

BETWEEN THE CONVENTIONAL ECONOMICS,
CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMICS AND CRITIQUE
OF POLITICAL ECONOMICS
In the history of modern economic there are diverse lines of thought that have important
differences in relation to its object and method of study, in this sense we can identify essentially
three: The Economic Theory or Conventional Economics, Classical Political Economics, and the
Critique of Political Economics.
The first line of thought called Economic Theory or Conventional Economics arose at the
last of the XIX Century and with major force in the seventies (1870). The conventional
economics has five streams: the first is the marginalist that arose between 1870-1929, being its
forerunner Walras, later to him, the second generation of marginalist had as its principal author to
Pareto, who formed part of Italian Fascist Party. The second stream is the Keynesianism, which
took part in the world economics system then of the 29 crack, and its main proposed is the
construction of Welfare State. The third stream is represented by Piero Sraffa and his neoricardian theory. The fourth stream is the monetarism that has as its principal exponents Hayek
and Milton Friedman, which acquired major importance at the last of XX Century and early XXI
Century, and the fifth stream is the neo-Schumpeterian theory.
The main postulate of the conventional economics is that the capitalism can resolve its
crisis and achieve a situation of permanent economic equilibrium, either through of game free of
the market forces, being this the principal approach of the marginalist, laissez faire laissez passer,
or through the intervention of State in the national economy to boost employment and ensure
social income level that allows effective demand works in some extent to ensure a dynamic
economic system. The main criticism to the conventional economics is that considers to capitalist
economic system as if it were it a welfare economy; since part of a concept of capitalism
uncritical, because although discuss the problem of the crisis inside of the capitalism, supposes of
diverse forms that the permanent equilibrium can be achieved, in contrast with this, the history of
the contemporaneous economics crisis has demonstrated that its not possible.


The conventional economics cant explains the working of capitalist economics system as a
whole, nor has it been able to solve the crisis problem, it has been demonstrated by the first crisis
in the history of the capitalist modernity that was essentially European and arose in 1870-1890,
the crisis of 1929 that finished in 1944 and culminated in the World War Second, it showed the
limit of marginalist theory; then, the third huge crisis of the capitalist modernity that arose in
1971 put in question the Keynesian theory to achieve the general equilibrium, and the last world
crisis of the 2009 has put in crisis the monetarist theory of Hayek and Friedman to achieve the
general equilibrium through the free game of market forces.
Some critic authors explain that the economics conventional is vulgaris because cares only
by superficial problems and converts some economics segments as the consume or distribution in
its privileged fields. The economic science is very much that individual decisions or individual
consumers as postulates conventional economics.
Thus, in contrast to the conventional economics, within of the economics science there is
other thought line called the Classical Political Economics, that arose in the second half of the
XVII Century (1660) and whose maxim exponents are William Petty, Quesnay, David Ricardo y
Adam Smith. The Classical Political Economy is the science of the laws governing the
production and exchange of the material means of subsistence in human society. The Classical
Political Economics furthermore explains the structure of global relation of the capitalism starting
from value, and the labour theory, being it the fundamental key of the wealthy modern and the
angular stone of all Classical Political Economics. This idea is the principal difference between
the Classical Political Economics and the Conventional Economics, the first analyze the capitalist
system trans-apparently, its mean beyond the apparential things through the value-labour theory,
while the Conventional Economics not.
In the other hand, the Critique of Political Economics, whose founder is Marx, explains
throughout all his work, The Capital, the crisis theory to think the totality of the capitalist
development since its origin in the XVI Century until the tendency to its collapse, being this that
gives
validity to "The Capital" to explain the contemporaneous crisis, and understand the
connection between both decoding the law of development capitalist. The Critique of Political
Economics is characterized by develop a critic concept of capitalism that insist that is not possible
the capitalism without crisis, to Marx its impossible historically, because the capitalism as
economic system to set a permanent crisis in the social life, this is the principal difference with
the Conventional Economics. The Critique of Political Economics thinks to system capitalist as


totality and not in isolated terms, as the Microeconomics that studies individual business, or the
Macroeconomics that studies national economics, the Critique of Political Economics does
analysis of world economy, and since world economy analyze the national economies and then
the lower levels, thus, within the entire explains the parts and, how does the Conventional
Economics.
The according points between the Critique of Political Economics and the Classical Political
Economics is that in both there is a theory of labor-value and a theory of the accumulation of
capital to explain the capitalist economics system as a whole, nevertheless, the limits that Marx
points out to the Classical Political Economics is that at the same time that recognize the worker
exploitation and the social classes, perpetuates the existence of capitalist as economic system
unhistorical, while the Critique of Political Economics thinks to the economic history of
humanity in a differential unity of the trans-historic and the particular historic, in which the
capitalism is only one phase of the economic history of the humanity, therefore, is possible build
forms of the social reproduction trans-capitalists with the development of the productive forces.
In this sense, the difference between the trans-historic and the particular historic, is that in the
former The labour-process,is human action with a view to the production of use-values,
appropriation of natural substances to human requirements; it is the everlasting Natureimposed condition of human existence, and therefore is independent of every social phase of that
existence, or rather, is common to every such phase. 1, it means that independently the form of
social reproduction, either trough slavery, feudalism, capitalism o socialism, the labour process is
trans-historic because always it will exist in each phase, the character particular historic of the
labour-process is specifically the form that this acquire, for example in capitalist system through
the sell and buy of the labour force in the market and the generation of surplus value.
SECCIN I. READING COMPREHENSION

1


De acuerdo al texto Theoretical and conceptual differences between the conventional

economics, political economics and critique of political economics lee las siguientes
preguntas y coloca dentro del parntesis la repuesta correcta.
1. (
) Cules son las tres lneas tericas en la historia del pensamiento
econmico moderno?
A) Teora marginalista, Teora Keynesiana, Teora Monetarista
B) Economa Poltica Clsica, Economa Convencional, Teora del Valor-Trabajo
C) Economa Poltica Clsica, Economa Convencional, Crtica de la Economa Poltica
2. (
) En qu se diferencian cada una de ellas?
A) En el anlisis de la teora valor-trabajo

B) En el objeto y mtodo de estudio
C) En el proceso de reproduccin social
3. (
) Cules son las corrientes tericas de la Economa Convencional?
A) La teora marginalista, keynesiana, neo-ricardiana, monetarista y neo-shumpeteriana

B) La teora valor-trabajo, teora de la crisis, la teora de la acumulacin capitalista
C) Economa Poltica Clsica, Crtica a la Economa Poltica, Teora marginalista
4. (
) Quines son los principales tericos de la Economa Convencional?
A) Marx, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Walras, Pareto

B) Walras, Pareto, Keynes, Hayek, Friedman, Pierre Sraffa, Schumpeter
C) Keynes, Hayek, Walras, Marx, Schumpeter
5. (
) Cul es la principal propuesta de la Economa Convencional?
A) Explicar el desarrollo de las crisis econmicas de la modernidad capitalista

B) Analizar el libre juego de las fuerzas del mercado
C) Alcanzar el equilibrio econmico de forma permanente

6. (

) A qu se refiere el autor cuando menciona que la Economa Convencional
tiene un concepto de capitalismo acrtico?

A) A que realiza un estudio del sistema capitalista desde una visin histrica.
B) A que considera que las crisis capitalistas pueden ser evitadas de diversas formas.
C) A que estudia al sistema capitalista a travs de las crisis econmicas.
7. (
) Cul es la principal crtica a la Economa Convencional?
A) Que no puede explicar las leyes del sistema capitalista como totalidad porque su campo
de anlisis es segmentado.
B) Que la teora de la crisis est presente en toda la construccin de su anlisis.
C) Que la teora monetarista no pudo evitar la crisis de 1929
8. (
) Cul es la intencin del autor al explicar la historia de las crisis
econmicas contemporneas?
A) Demostrar que las crisis pueden ser evitadas con una teora econmica adecuada
B) Demostrar que las crisis econmicas son resultado de la intervencin del Estado de
Bienestar.
C) Demostrar el lmite terico de la economa convencional para explicar y alcanzar el
equilibrio general.
9. (
) Qu es la Economa Poltica Clsica?
A) Es la ciencia que estudia al sistema capitalista a partir de la produccin de medios de

subsistencia.
B) Es la ciencia que estudia al sistema capitalista a partir del consumo de valores de uso.
C) Es la ciencia que estudia, la produccin, distribucin e intercambio de los medios de
subsistencia de la sociedad.

10. (

) Cules son los principales autores de la Economa Poltica Clsica?
A) William Petty, Quesnay, Adam Smith, David Ricardo

B) Karl Marx, David Ricardo, Adam Smith
C) William Petty, Adam Smith, Karl Marx
11. (
) Cul es la principal propuesta terica de la Economa Poltica Clsica?
A) Descifrar la riqueza a partir de la produccin de valores de uso

B) Descifrar la riqueza a partir de la teora valor-trabajo
C) Descifrar la riqueza a partir del precio
12. (
) La teora de la crisis en la obra de Marx es:
A) Una teora que permite explorar slo el Siglo XVI del sistema capitalista
B) Slo una parte en su obra terica ms importante El Capital
C) Una teora que permite comprender al sistema capitalista desde su origen hasta las
tendencias a su derrumbe lo que permite explicar las crisis econmicas contemporneas.
13. (
) A qu se refiere el autor cuando menciona que la Crtica de la Economa
Poltica tiene un concepto crtico de capitalismo

A) A que no se puede explicar al sistema capitalista sin crisis econmicas.
B) A que rechaza los principios de la Crtica de la Economa Poltica
C) A que critica el origen del capitalismo como sistema econmico.
14. (
) Cul es la principal diferencia entre la Economa Poltica Clsica y la
Economa Convencional?
A) La economa convencional estudia al sistema capitalista a travs de la teora valortrabajo, mientras que la Economa Poltica Clsica lo hace a travs del mercado y el
comportamiento de los consumidores.


B) La economa convencional estudia al sistema capitalista a partir de la ciencia histrica

mientras que la Economa Poltica Clsica estudia slo la distribucin de medios de
subsistencia.
C) La economa convencional hace un anlisis superficial de los hechos econmicos,
mientras que la Economa Poltica Clsica analiza al sistema capitalista de forma transaparencial a travs de la teora valor-trabajo.
15. (
) Cul es la principal diferencia entre la Crtica de la Economa Poltica y
la Economa Convencional?
A) Que la Crtica de la Economa Poltica posee un concepto crtico de capitalismo y la
Economa Convencional tiene un concepto acrtico de capitalismo.
B) Que la Crtica de la Economa Poltica realiza estudios aislados de la Microeconoma y
la Macroeconoma, y la Economa Convencional explica estas partes como totalidad.
C) No existe diferencia.
16. (
) Cul es la principal diferencia entre la Crtica de la Economa Poltica y
la Economa Poltica Clsica?

A) Que la Crtica de la Economa Poltica posee una teora del valor-trabajo, mientras que
la Economa Poltica Clsica no.
B) Que la Crtica de la Economa Poltica no eterniza la existencia del sistema capitalista
mientras que la Economa Poltica Clsica s como una forma a-histrica.
C) Que la Crtica de la Economa Poltica reconoce la existencia de clases sociales y la
Economa Poltica Clsica las niega.

Theoretical and Conceptual Differences Between The Conventional Economics

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Theoretical and Conceptual Differences Between The Conventional Economics

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL

ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE ECONOMA

INGLS PARA ECONOMISTAS II