Elizabeth Estes

Mrs. DeBock
30 september 2016
English 4
Essential question: How has rape changed over the years?
Working thesis: Rape has changed over the years.
Refined thesis: Over the years rape has evolved in different ways
Annotated Bibliography
Bell, Rachel. "Sexualization of Girls Teaches Boys to Be Sexually Violent." Is Childhood Becoming
Too Sexualized. Ed. Olivia Ferguson and Hayley Mitchell Haugen. Detroit: Greenhaven Press,
2010. At Issue. Rpt. from "Our Sexual Obsession Damages Boys as Well as Girls." Independent
15 July 2008.Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 3 Oct. 2016.

The sexualisation of girls and the normalisation of the sex and pornography industries have made it
increasingly acceptable and "fun" for women to be viewed as sex objects, and for men to view
women as sexual commodities. The sexualisation of girls is not just shattering the lives of girls
and women, it is preventing boys and young men from relating to girls and women as complex
human beings with so much to offer them. This article is relevant because it explains how the
sexualisation of women cause boys to be more violent sexually towards them.

Friedman, Jaclyn. "Rape Is Caused by a Culture of Toxic Masculinity." Violence Against Women.
Ed. Nol Merino. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2016. Current Controversies. Rpt.
from "Toxic Masculinity." American Prospect(13 Mar. 2013). Opposing Viewpoints in Context.
Web. 30 Sept. 2016

This article is about how parents are raising their kids to be less feminine. The parents are
more concerned about them being interested in sports than into dolls and reading. They dont
teach them manners and about what's right and wrong. Its explaining how if we want rape to
end, its going to require men who are willing to do the hard work required to interrogate the
ideas of masculinity they were raised with and create and display new masculinities. This article
is relevant because its explaining a cause of rape.

Repp, Bonita. "Rape and Its Effects on Victims." Rape. Ed. Mary E. Williams. San Diego:
Greenhaven Press, 2001. Contemporary Issues Companion. Rpt. from "The Many Myths of Rape
and the Effects on Victims."www.wcstx.com/rapeedit.htm. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web.
30 Sept. 2016.
This article is about how when a woman or man is raped, it has a lasting effect on them.
The events play on repeat in their head. It's something they cant escape.
Because of the societal stigma, the painful hospital exam, the humiliating legal procedures,
which include hours and hours of telling and retelling, living and reliving the rape, the personal
attacks on an adult victim's character in the courtroom, it is estimated that as high as 90% of
rapes go unreported. This article is relevant because its explaining what victims have to go
through when raped and what effects it has on them.