TUGAS MEDAN ELEKTROMAGNETIK

CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 3
B P2 

896
R0

0 449

141

(c)
C

sin cos  cos sin R

cos sin  cos sin
R




cos sin cos sin  cos cos sin sin  sin

R

P3

 

22

22
tan 

854
C P3 
R0

0 146

2 2 
 4

2 2
45 
45 



0 707

(d)
D

sin cos
R

sin sin
R
cos
R

cos cos

R2 sin2 sin2
R2 sin2 sin2 R2 sin2 cos2

R2 sin2 cos2

cos  2 2
R sin sin2 R2 sin2 cos2

sin 

cos sin

sin  4


 R sin cos sin2 sin sin cos2 4 cos 


cos cos sin2 cos sin cos2 4 sin 



cos3 sin3 



P4 1

REZKY AMALIA
HAMKA
1

1 D411
1 4
tan
1 1  2 
tan  1 1  1 
15
017



DWIKI TAUFIK
WICAKSONO
 P4 6
35ELEKTRO
26 
45 
A

1
2  P4

D41115313

ELEKTRO
A
2

sin 35 26  cos 45  sin 45 

D P4  R
cos 35 26  cos 45  sin2 45 

cos3 45  sin3 45  

sin 35 26  sin

cos 35 26  sin

45   cos2 45 




45   cos2 45

4 cos 35 26 

4 sin 35 26 



 R3 67 1 73 0 707



Sections 3-4 to 3-7: Gradient, Divergence, and Curl Operators

Problem 3.32 Find the gradient of the following scalar functions:
(a) T  3  x2 z2  ,

(b) V  xy2 z4 ,

CHAPTER 3

142
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

U
W 
S
N
M

z cos  1 r2  ,

e  R sin ,
4x2 e  z y3 ,

r2 cos2 ,
R cos sin .

Solution:
(a) From Eq. (3.72),

6x
x2

 

z2 2

6z
x2

z2 

(b) From Eq. (3.72),

V

 xy2 z4 y2xyz4 z4xy2 z3

(c) From Eq. (3.82),

U




2rz cos
r
1 r2  2

z sin

r 1 r2 

cos
z
1 r2

(d) From Eq. (3.83),

W





Re

sin

e 

 R  cos

(e) From Eq. (3.72),

S  4x2 e  z y3


S
S
S
S  x
y
z
x
y
z

 x8xe 

y3y2

z4x2 e 

(f) From Eq. (3.82),

N
N

 r2 cos2

N
r

 r

1 N

N
z
z

 r2r cos2 2r sin cos



(g) From Eq. (3.83),

M
M

 R cos sin

M 1 M 1 M
cos

 R
 Rcos sin sin sin

R
R
R sin

tan

CHAPTER 3
Problem 3.33

143
The gradient of a scalar function T is given by
T

 ze 

3z

 ze 

3z

 10 at z  0, find T z  .

If T

Solution:

By choosing P1 at z  0 and P2 at any point z, (3.76) becomes

T z

T 0 

z
0

T dl

0
z

ze 
e

3z

3z

xdx

dz

ydy

e  3z
3

zdz 
z

1
1 e
3 


0

3z

Hence,
T z  T 0 

3 

e

3z

 10

3 

e

3z

Problem 3.34 Follow a procedure similar to that leading to Eq. (3.82) to derive the
expression given by Eq. (3.83) for in spherical coordinates.
Solution: From the chain rule and Table 3-2,
T
T
T
y
z
x
y
z

T R T T
x

R x x x

T R T T
y
 R y y y

T R T T
z
 R z z z

T
T
T
x
x2 y2 z2
x2 y2  z 
tan  1
tan  1 y  x 

R x
x
x






T
T
T
tan  1
tan  1 y  x 

y
x2 y2 z2
x2 y2  z 
 R y


y

y
T
T
T
tan  1
tan  1 y  x 

z
x2 y2 z2
x2 y2  z 
R z



z

z

 x

CHAPTER 3

144
T
R

 x

T
R

x2

T
z
R

y2

z2

T
x2
T

y
x2

y2

x2

y2

z2

T
x2

z2

x2

x2 y2 z2

z2

z
y2

1
y2

z2

y2

y
x2
x2

y2
y2

T R sin cos T R cos R sin cos T

x

R
R
R sin
R2

T R sin sin T R cos R sin sin T
y
R
R
R sin
R2


T R cos T R sin
z

 R R R2

T
T cos cos T sin
sin cos
x

R

R

R sin


T
T cos sin T cos
sin sin
y
R
 R

R sin

T
T sin
cos
z

R

R

T
xsin cos ysin sin zcos 
R


1 T
xcos cos ycos sin zsin 
R



1 T
xsin ycos 
R sin


T
1
T
1
T

R

R R
R sin

T
y
 2

2
x y

x2 y2


T

0


R sin sin

R2 sin2
R sin cos

R2 sin2

which is Eq. (3.83).

Problem 3.35 For the scalar function V  xy2 z2 , determine its directional

derivative along the direction of vector A  x yz  and then evaluate it at

P 1
1
4 .

Solution: The directional derivative is given by Eq. (3.75) as dV  dl  V al , where

the unit vector in the direction of A is given by Eq. (3.2):
al 

x yz

z2

CHAPTER 3

145

and the gradient of V in Cartesian coordinates is given by Eq. (3.72):

V

 xy2 y2xy z2z



Therefore, by Eq. (3.75),

dV
dl
At P 1

1
4 ,

dV

dl

y2

2xyz
1 z2

 1  1 4

9
17

 2 18

Problem 3.36 For the scalar function T  12 e  r 5 cos , determine its directional
derivative along the radial direction rand then evaluate it at P 2
 4
3  .
Solution:

dT
dl

1 r5
e
cos

2
T 1 T
e  r 5 cos
T
r

r
z 
r
r
z
10

r
5
e
cos
T r


10

e  2 5 cos 4
 4 74  10  2
10



 2 4 3

dT
dl

e

r 5 sin

2r

Problem 3.37 For the scalar function U  R1 sin2 , determine its directional
derivative along the range direction Rand then evaluate it at P 5
 4
 2  .
Solution:

dU
dl

dU
dl

 5 4 2

1 2
sin

R
U 1 U 1 U

R
R
R sin
2
sin

U R


 R2
sin2  4 
 0 02

25





sin2
R2

2 sin cos

CHAPTER 3

146

Problem 3.38 Vector field E is characterized by the following properties: (a) E

points along R, (b) the magnitude of E is a function of only the distance from the
origin, (c) E vanishes at the origin, and (d) E  12, everywhere. Find an expression
for E that satisfies these properties.

Solution: According to properties (a) and (b), E must have the form
E  RER
where ER is a function of R only.

1
R2 ER  12

R2 R

E

R2 ER  12R2

R

R
0

2
R ER  dR 
R
R2 ER

R
0

R
0

12R3
3

 4R3

R2 ER
Hence,

12R2 dR

R

ER  4R

and

E  R4R

Problem 3.39 For the vector field E  xxz yyz2 zxy, verify the divergence


theorem by computing:
(a) the total outward fl ux fl owing through the surface of a cube centered at the
origin and with sides equal to 2 units each and parallel to the Cartesian axes,
and
(b) the integral of E over the cubes volume.
Solution:
(a) For a cube, the closed surface integral has 6 sides:

E ds  Ftop

Fbottom

Fright

Fleft

Ffront

Fback

CHAPTER 3

147
1

Ftop

1 y

1 y

Fbottom

1 y

Fright




1 z



1 z

Ffront

Fback


E ds  0

1 z

1
1 z

1 z

4
3



zxy 




z dz dy 

yyz2




4
0 0
3



1



xdz dy 

xdz dy 


1

 

4
3

 0

4


3

 

ydz dx 


z

1
z

 0

ydz dx 

1
z

x 1

8
3

 0

zdy dx 

xz3

yz2

y 1

yz2

2
zxy 



z dz dy 
xxz

xz3

zxy 

yyz2

xxz

1
y



z dz dx 





yyz2

x2 y2

4
zxy 

1 z

xxz

z dz dx 

yyz

zdy dx 

x2 y2

zxy 

1 z

xxz

Fleft

yyz2

z 1

xy dy dx 


1 z



xxz

zxy 

xy dy dx 

1


1 y



yyz2

xxz


 0

y

CHAPTER 3

148
(b)

E dv 

1 y

1 y

x

1 z

1 z

z2

xxz
z

zxy  dz dy dx

z2  dz dy dx

1


z3

2  3

xy

yyz2



 

1





8
3

Problem 3.40 For the vector field E  r10e  r z3z, verify the divergence theorem

for the cylindrical region enclosed by r  2, z  0, and z  4.
Solution:

E ds 

r 0 0
2
4

 0

r 0 0
2
4

r10e 

r10e 

0 z 0
2

z 0 r 0 0
2
r

 8
 8

10e 

 160e 

10e 

10e 
2

48

1
r

r 0

82 77

r

10e 

zr dr d 

r

r 2

z 4

r 0 0

z 0

zr dr d 
2

rr d dz 

z3z 

10e  2 2 d dz

48

z3z 

4

z3z 

 160e 


0 z 0
2
2

E dV

r10e 


12r dr d

3
r d dr dz

3r  dr


1

r

82 77

3r2

2
r 0

Problem 3.41 A vector field D  rr3 exists in the region between two concentric
cylindrical surfaces defined by r  1 and r  2, with both cylinders extending
between z  0 and z  5. Verify the divergence theorem by evaluating:
(a)

D ds,
S

CHAPTER 3
(b)

149

D dV .

Solution:
(a)

D ds  Finner
2

Finner

Fouter

z 0 0 r 1

r 1

10




r 2

r 2

 160

rr3 

rr3 

zr d dr 

zr d dr 


z 0

 0

 0

z 5

Therefore, D ds  150.
(b) From the back cover, D 
D dV

rr dz d 

r 1 0

r 1 0
2
2

r 1

r4 dz d 


0 z 0
2
2

Fbottom

rr dz d 

r4 dz d 
rr3 

Ftop

Ftop

0 z 0
2
5

0 z 0
2
5

Fouter

Fbottom

rr3 


0 z 0
2
5

1  r   r  rr 3  4r2 . Therefore,

4r r dr d dz 

  r4 

2
r 1

 150

z 0

Problem 3.42 For the vector field D  R3R2 , evaluate both sides of the divergence
theorem for the region enclosed between the spherical shells defined by R  1 and
R  2.
Solution: The divergence theorem is given by Eq. (3.98). Evaluating the left hand
side:
V

D dV

0 0 R 1

 2


cos 

0

1 2
R 3R2 
R2 R
3R4 

2
R 1


R2 sin dR d d

 180

CHAPTER 3

150
The right hand side evaluates to

D ds 

(a)

2
R3R

2 sin d d 
RR

R 1

2 sin d d 
RR

R 2

3 sin d

48 sin d  180

For the vector field E  xxy

Problem 3.43

0 0

2
R3R

0 0
2

y x2

2y2  , calculate

E dl around the triangular contour shown in Fig. P3.43(a), and

C

(b)
S

 E 
ds over the area of the triangle.

Solution: In addition to the independent condition that z  0, the three lines of the
triangle are represented by the equations y  0, x  1, and y  x, respectively.
y

L3

L3

L2

L2
0

L1 1
(a)

L1

1
(b)

Figure P3.43: Contours for (a) Problem 3.43 and (b) Problem 3.44.

(a)

E dl  L1

L1

L2

xxy
1
x 0

xy 

L3

y x2

2y2 

y 0 z 0 dx

xdx

0


y 0

ydy

x2

2y2 

zdz 
0
z 0

dy

z 0

0

y 0 dz

 0

CHAPTER 3

151


1

x 1

 0

xy 


0





y 0

2y2 

xdx

x 0 y 0
1
x


Problem 3.44

2
3

0

x 1 dz

0
x y z

dy
0

z 0

0

y x dz

zdy dx 

z 0

3x x

z 0

 3 3

3x dy dx 

x 0 y 0

zdz 

z3x
so that
z3x 

2y2 

E dl  0
(b) From Eq. (3.105),  E 

x2

0

x 1z

ydy

dy
0

y 1

Therefore,

 E ds 

5
3

0

0
y 1

y3 


2y2 

zdz 

ydy

y x z 0 dx

x 1

x2

y 0

x3

xdx


y x2


1

0 dx

xy 

x 1

2y3

xxy

L3

2y2 

y x2

xxy

L2

x 0

0  dx 

x3 

1
0




Repeat Problem 3.43 for the contour shown in Fig. P3.43(b).

Solution: In addition to the independent condition that z  0, the three lines of the
triangle are represented by the equations y  0, y  2 x, and y  x, respectively.

(a)

E dl  L1

L2

x 0

xy 

xxy

L2




x 2

xy 

y x2

x3




y 0

xdx

x 2

4y

x2

2y2 

y3 

dy
0

0

z 0

y 0 dz

 0

1
y 0

x 2 yz

zdz 

ydy

y 0

2y2

2y2 

1


zdz 

ydy

x2

z 0 y 2 x dx

xdx


2y2 

x2

y 0 z 0 dx

2y2 

y x2

xxy

L1

L3

0

dy
0

11
3

z 0

0

y 2 x dz

CHAPTER 3

152

xxy

L3





y x2

xy 

x 1

2y2 

y xz

0
x 1

xdx
0

0 dx

0
x yz

2
3

0

zdz 

2y2 

y 1

0
y 1

y3 

ydy

x2


x3




dy
0

0

z 0

y x dz

Therefore,

E dl  0
(b) From Eq. (3.105),  E 

z3x 

x 0 y 0
2
2 x

3x x

x 0
3 1
 x 
0

0  dx

z 0

zdy dx 

3x2


z 0

 3x dy dx

x 0 y 0
1

zdy dx 

3x dy dx

z3x 

x 1 y 0
1
x

Problem 3.45
by evaluating:

z3x
so that

 E ds 

11 2
3 3

2 x

x 1 y 0
2

3x 2

x 1
2
x 1

x3 




x

Verify Stokess theorem for the vector field B 

0  dx

rr cos

sin 

B dl over the semicircular contour shown in Fig. P3.46(a), and

(a)
C

(b)
S

 B 
ds over the surface of the semicircle.

Solution:
(a)

B dl 

B dl 
L1

B dl
L1

B dl 

rr cos
2
r 0

B dl

L2

sin 

r cos dr

2
r 0

0  2

L3

rdr

B dl

0 z 0

1 2
 2r 

zdz  r cos dr

r d

0
0

r sin d

z 0

r sin d

CHAPTER 3

153
y

L2

1
-2 L3

0 L1
(a)

L2

L3
L4

L1
1

2
(b)

Figure P3.46: Contour paths for (a) Problem 3.45 and (b) Problem 3.46.

L2

L3

B dl 

2
r 2

r cos dr

z 0

 0


2 cos 

B dl 

r 2

r cos dr




B dl  2

0
r 2

1 2
2r 

 4

r sin d

r 2 z 0

z 0

r sin d

z 0

0  2

2  8

(b)
 B  

rr cos

sin 

r cos 
0
0

r
r  z
z

 r

1
z
r sin  
r cos 

r r


1
1

r0
0 z sin r sin   z sin 1

r

r




2
1
zsin 1
zr dr d 
r

0 r 0

0 r 0

Solution:

sin 

 B ds 

Problem 3.46

sin r

1  dr d 




cos 12 r2

r


2
r 0

0

Repeat Problem 3.45 for the contour shown in Fig. P3.46(b).

 8

CHAPTER 3

154
(a)

B dl 

B dl 
L1

L2

L3

L4

B dl
L1

rr cos

B dl 

2
r 1

B dl

L2

sin 

r cos dr

L3

1 2
 2r 

B dl 

r 2

0

3
2

r cos dr

B dl 

B dl 

2 cos 

1
r 2

2
0

r 1

B dl 

cos 

0
2

3
2 0 1
2


5
2

2
2

r 2 z 0

 0

r sin d

z 0

0
2

r sin d

r 1 z 0

1

z 0

r sin d

r sin d

z 0

 0

r cos dr

r sin d

B dl

zdz  r cos dr

0
0

2 z 0

 2

r cos dr

L4

 0


z 0

r d

rdr

0 z 0

2
r 1

B dl

(b)
 B  

rr cos

sin 

r
0

sin 

r cos 
r  z
z
r




1
z
r sin 
r cos 

r r


1
1

r0 0 z sin r sin   zsin 1

r

r



2 2
1
zsin 1
zr dr d 
r

0 r 1

 B ds 




2
r 1

sin r

cos 12 r2

1  dr d

r

2
r 1

2
0

5
2

CHAPTER 3

155

Problem 3.47 Verify Stokess Theorem for the vector field A  Rcos sin by

evaluating it on the hemisphere of unit radius.
Solution:

A  Rcos

sin  RAR

 cos , A  0, A  sin .


1
1
1 AR

 A R
A sin 

RA 
R sin
R
R
R




Hence, AR

sin2 
R sin 
R sin
 R R
2 cos sin sin

R 
R
R

1
 R

1
cos 

For the hemispherical surface, ds  RR2 sin d d.

2

2

 A  ds

0 0
2
2


R2 cos
R

0 0

 4R

sin
2
2

2
0

sin

sin

 RR sin d d
2

R 1

 2
R 1

The contour C is the circle in the xy plane bounding the hemispherical surface.

A dl 

2
0

cos
R

sin  R d

2  R sin

R 1

2
R 1

 2

Problem 3.48 Determine if each of the following vector fields is solenoidal,

conservative, or both:
(a) A  xx2 yy2xy,

(b) B  xx2 yy2 z2z,


(c) C  r sin   r2 cos   r2 ,

(d) D  R R,
(e) E  r 3 1 r r  zz,


(f) F  xy yx   x2 y2  ,


(g) G  x x2 z2  y y2 x2  z y2 z2  ,





Re  R  .
(h) H  R

CHAPTER 3

156
Solution:
(a)

A  xx2
 A  


2

xx

y2xy 
y2xy 

x
0
y  z

2
x
2xy  2x 2x  0

x  y

2xy 

 x0 y0 z 2y  0



2
y
x 
z


z

2xy 

2
x 
y

The field A is solenoidal but not conservative.

(b)

B  xx2
 B  

 x

yy2

xx2

2z 
y

z2z 

yy2

 x0 y0 z0

z2z 

y2 

2 2
x
y
2z  2x 2y 2  0

x  y z


2
x 
z

2z 
x

y2 

 y

The field B is conservative but not solenoidal.

(c)

sin cos
2

r 2
r
r
 

1
sin
1 cos

r
0

2
2
r r
r
r r
z
sin
sin
2 sin
0 


 3
 3
r
r
r3

sin cos
 r 2
2

r
r




1
cos
sin

r
0

z r2
 r 0

r  z
r2

 

1
cos
sin
z
r
r r  r2

  r2

cos
cos
2 cos
1
 z 3
r0 0 z

2
2
r
r
r

r 


C



 C 

The field C is neither solenoidal nor conservative.

x2 

CHAPTER 3

157

(d)

D

R
R

R
R

 D  

1
R2 R


R

R sin 0 sin  R sin 0  R2

1
R
0 sin 
0
R sin
 


1
1
R 0 

 R

R R

1
sin

R 0 
R

 r0 0 0

The field D is conservative but not solenoidal.

(e)

E  r 3

zz

 1 r


1
1 E Ez
E
rEr 
r r
r z

1
r2
3r
1

r r
 1 r


1
2r
r2

3
1
r
 1 r 1 r 2
2

1 3 3r 6r 2r 2r2 r2
2r2 4r 3

1
1  0



 2



r
1 r
r 1 r 2





1 Ez E
Er Ez
1
1 Er

 0
z
 E  r
rE 

r  z
z  r
r r
 r

Hence, E is conservative, but not solenoidal.

(f)
F

F

xy yx
y
x
2  x 2 2 y 2 2
2
x y
x y
 x y


2
2
2
x x y y x y2


2xy
2xy
 0



x2 y2  2 x2 y2  2

158
 F  x 0

0

y 0

x2 y2 

2 y2 x2 
z 2  2 2
x y 

0

2x2
x2 y2 

 z


 0

CHAPTER 3

z
x
2

x2 y2  y

1
2y2
x2 y2 x2 y2 

y
x2

y2

Hence, F is neither solenoidal nor conservative.

(g)
G  x x2 z2  y y2 x2  z y2 z2 






2
2
2 2
2
2
G
x z 
y x 
y z 
x

 y
 z
 2x 2y 2z  0



 G

2
2
y z2 
y x2 

x
  y
z
2
2 2
y x2 
x z 
z

 x
 y

x2y

y2z

2
x z2 
z

y2

z2x  0

Hence, G is neither solenoidal nor conservative.

(h)
H  R Re  R 

1
H
R3 e 
R2 R
 H  0



1
3R2 e 
R2

R3 e 

 e 

R

Hence, H is conservative, but not solenoidal.

Problem 3.49 Find the Laplacian of the following scalar functions:
(a) V  4xy2 z3 ,
(b) V  xy yz zx,


(c) V  3  x2 y2  ,

(d) V  5e  r cos ,
R
(e) V  10e  sin .
Solution:
(a) From Eq. (3.110), 2 4xy2 z3  8xz3

24xy2 z

 0

z2 

CHAPTER 3

159

(b) 2 xy yz zx  0


(c) From the inside back cover of the book,

x2

y2

(d)

5e  cos  5e  cos 1

2

(e)
2 10e 

12

 2 3r  2   12r  4 

sin  10e 


sin 1

x2

1
r

r2

y2 

cos2 sin2


R2 sin

Problem 3.50 Find a vector G whose magnitude is 4 and whose direction is

perpendicular to both vectors E and F, where E  x y2 z2 and F  y3 z6.

Solution: The cross product of two vectors produces a third vector which is
perpendicular to both of the original vectors. Two vectors exist that satisfy the stated
conditions, one along E  F and another along the opposite direction. Hence,
G


E F
E F





Problem 3.51

x y2 z2   y3 z6 



x y2 z2   y3 z6 



x6 y6 z3 
4 


36 36 9



8
8
4
4
x6 y6 z3  
x
y
z

9 


 3 3 3
4

A given line is described by the equation:

y x

Vector A starts at point P1 0
2  and ends at point P2 on the line such that A is
orthogonal to the line. Find an expression for A.
Solution: We first plot the given line.

CHAPTER 3

160
y
P1 (0, 2)
B

P2 (x, x-1)
x
P4 (1, 0)

P3 (0, -1)

Next we find a vector B which connects point P3 0
1  to point P4 1
0  , both of which

are on the line. Hence,
B  x 1

0

y 0

1  x y

Vector A starts at P1 0
2  and ends on the line at P2 . If the x-coordinate of P2 is x,

then its y-coordinate has to be y  x 1, per the equation for the line. Thus, P2 is at

x
x 1  , and vector A is

A  x x

0

y x

2  xx

y x

Since A is orthogonal to B,
A B  0

xx

y x

3 

x

Finally,
A  xx

y x

x y 0

3 0
3
x
2

3 

3
3
x
y
2
2
3
3
x
y
2
2

3

CHAPTER 3

161

Problem 3.52

Vector field E is given by

12
sin cos 3 sin
 R

Determine the component of E tangential to the spherical surface R
P 2
30 
60   .
E  R5R cos

 2 at point

Solution: At P, E is given by
E  R5  2 cos 30 

 R8 67 1 5


12
sin 30  cos 60 
2
2 6

3 sin 60 

The Rcomponent is normal to the spherical surface while the other two are tangential.
Hence,
Et 
1 5 2 6

Problem 3.53

Transform the vector

A  Rsin2 cos

cos2

sin

into cylindrical coordinates and then evaluate it at P 2
 2
 2  .

Solution: From Table 3-2,
A

rsin

zcos  sin2 cos

 r sin3 cos cos cos2 


At P 2
 2
 2  ,

rcos zsin  cos2 sin



sin z cos sin2 cos sin cos2 

A

Problem 3.54 Evaluate the line integral of E  xx yy along the segment P1 to P2


of the circular path shown in the figure.
y

P1 (0, 3)

P2 (-3, 0)

CHAPTER 3

162
Solution: We need to calculate:
P2

E d
P1

Since the path is along the perimeter of a circle, it is best to use cylindrical
coordinates, which requires expressing both E and d in cylindrical coordinates.
Using Table 3-2,
E  xx

yy 

sin  r cos rsin cos  r sin



rr cos sin2  2r sin cos
rcos


2

The designated path is along the -direction at a constant r  3. From Table 3-1, the
applicable component of d is:
d  r d
Hence,
180

P2

E d

90
180

P1

rr cos2




90

2r2

sin2 

2r2 sin cos d

2r sin cos r d

r 3

r 3

sin2
2

180
90 r 3

 9

Problem 3.55
evaluating:
(a)

Verify Stokess theorem for the vector field B 

rcos sin  by

B d over the path comprising a quarter section of a circle, as shown in the

C

figure, and
(b)
S

 B 
ds over the surface of the quarter section.

y
(0, 3)

L2
L1
x
(-3, 0)

L3

CHAPTER 3

163

Solution:
(a)

B d
C

B d

B d

L1

L2

B d

L3

Given the shape of the path, it is best to use cylindrical coordinates. B is already
expressed in cylindrical coordinates, and we need to choose d in cylindrical
coordinates:
d  rdr r d zdz

 rdr and

Along path L1 , d  0 and dz  0. Hence, d

r 3

rcos

B d

r 0

L1

3
r 0

cos dr

sin  rdr

 r cos 3r

90

90

90

 0

Along L2 , dr  dz  0. Hence, d

 r d and

180

B d

rcos

90

L2

3 cos

B d
L3

 rdr and

rcos

r 3
0

sin  rdr

cos dr

r 3

r 3

 3

180
90

Along L3 , dz  0 and d  0. Hence, d

sin  r d

180

180

0
3

 3

Hence,
B d
C

(b)

 0 3 3  6



1
Br
rB
 B  z
r r


1
 z
r sin 
cos 

r r

1
2
 z sin sin  z sin
r

r

3
180
2
 B 
ds 
z sin
zr dr d
r
r 0 90

2r 3r

0 cos

180
90

 6

CHAPTER 3

164
Hence, Stokess theorem is verified.
Problem 3.56

Find the Laplacian of the following scalar functions:

(a) V1

 10r3 sin 2

(b) V2

2  R2  cos sin

Solution:
(a)
V1




(b)

V1
1
1 2V1 2V
r

r r
r r2 2 z2


1
1 2
r
10r3 sin 2 

10r3 sin 2 
r r
r
r2 2
1
1
30r3 sin 2 
10r3  4 sin 2
r r
 r2
90r sin 2 40r sin 2  50r sin 2

V2




1
1
1

V2
2V2
2 V2
R
sin

R2 R
R R2 sin
R2 sin2 2



1
2
cos sin

R2
2
R R
R R2



2
sin
cos sin

2
R2
R sin

1
2
2
cos sin

2
2
2
R sin R2
4
4
2 cos
cos sin
cos sin
sin
4
4
R
 R
 R4 sin2
2 cos sin

 R4 sin2