Angelyka Cabalo 2A PH (2016-2017)

PharDose Appendix B
Pharmaceutical Terms & Dosage Forms

Active Ingredient

ingredient responsible for the pharmacological

activity

medicament/drug substance/API
Aerosol

dosage form : liquid or solid preparation that is

packed under pressure

released as fine mist of small droplets/solid

particles
[foam]

1 or more active ingr.

internal/discontinuous phase propellant = stable

foam (O/W)

external/continuous phase propellant =

spray/quick breathing foam (W/O)
[metered]

metered-dose valves

deliver uniform quantity of spray

Ampul

all glass container, open end is sealed by heat

ampoule/ampule/carpule
Aromatic Water

clear, saturated aqueous soln of volatile oils

Aseptic

lack disease-producing microorganisms

not same as sterile

[processing]

manufacturing dosage form w/o terminal

sterilization

dosage form is sterile filtered

aseptically filled & sealed into package

Aural

administration by way of ear

auricular

[soft-shell]

one-piece shell

API is in soln/suspension/paste form

Chewable

attribute of solid dosage form

to be chewed/crushed before swallowing

Coated

attribute of solid dosage form

covered by deposition of an outer solid that is diff.

from core material
Collodion

liquid prep that is applied externally

pyroxylin dissolved in alcohol & ether

Colloidal Dispersion

attribute of a prep

colloidal dimension (1 nm or 1 micrometer)

uniform distribution throughout a liquid

Concentrate

liquid prep of increased strength & reduced

volume

diluted before use

Concentrate for Dip

paste/soln w/ 1 or more API

to prepare diluted susp, emulsion or soln of the

active ingr.

for prevention & treatment of ectoparasitic

infestations of animals
Conventional-Release

descriptive term for a dosage form

no deliberate effort made to modify the release

rate of the API

cap/tab +/- of a disintegrating agent is not a

modification
Cream

semisolid dosage form w/ 1 or more drug subs

dissolved in a suitable base

emulsion : >20% water & volatiles / <50% HC,

waxes or polyols for vehicle of API

applied externally

Bead

Blocks

Bolus

solid dosage form of small spheres

pellet
large veterinary products
licked by animals
large, long tablet
for animals

C
Caplet

tablet dosage form in shape of capsule

Capsule

solid dosage form

drug is enclosed within a hard or soft soluble shell

[delayed-release]

coated capsule

resist releasing drug in the stomach

[extended-release]

medication will be available over an extended

period after ingestion
[film-coated extended release]

w/ film coating

reduction of dosing frequency

[gelatin-coated]

banding process : w/ additional layers of gelatin

for complete seal
[liquid-filled]

plasticized w/ additional polyol (sorbitol/glycerin)

w/ active ingr. suspended in liquid vehicle

Delayed-Release

type of modified-release dosage form

deliberately modify to delay release of API

enteric-coated/gastro-resistant
Dental

applied to teeth or gums for local action

Dentrifice
intended to clean/polish teeth
Dermal

topical administration

reach or be applied to the dermis

Dosage Form

physical form & in quantities of API & excipients

designed for accurate & efficient administration

Douche

liquid prep for irrigative cleansing of the vagina

from powders, liquid soln/concentrates

Dressing

for protection of wound

Drops, oral

soln, emulsion or susp administered in small

volumes (drops)
Drug Delivery System

modern tech

uniform release/targeting of drugs to the body

Dry Powder Inhaler

device for administration of inhalation

powder(fine)

oral use

Effervescent


Elixir

rapidly release CO2 when in contact w/ water

clear, pleasantly flavored, sweetened

hydroalcoholic liquid

oral use
Emollient

attribute of cream of ointment

increase moisture content in skin

bland, fatty or oleaginous subs

Emulsion

one liquid dispersed throughout another liquid

2 phase system

at least 2 immiscible liquids

stabilized w/ one or more emulsifying agent

Enema

rectal preparation

for therapeutic, diagnostic or nutritive purposes

Enteric-Coated

w/ polymer coating

prevent release of API in gastric environment

Excipient

ingredient other than API

Extended-Release

deliberately modified to protract the release of API

prolong/sustained-release

burst effect immediate release to slower

release
Extract

concentrated prep of vegetable or animal drug

(removal of active constituents w/ suitable
menstrua/evaporation of solvent/adjust residual
mass)

F
Film

thin layer or coating

flexible sheet of polymer
also an attribute solid oral dosage form (taste
masking, product identification & aesthetic
purposes)
Fluidextract

liquid prep of a vegetable drug w/ alcohol

(solvent/preservative)
Foam

emulsion in pressurized aerosol container

fluffy/semisolid consistency

contains dispersed gas bubble

For Solution

solid intended for solution

For Suspension

solid intended for suspension

Gas

state of matter

no definite shape/volume
Gastro-resistant

polymer coating has been applied

prevent release in gastric environment

Gel

semisolid

susp of small inorganic particles or large organic

molecules interpenetrated by a liquid

w/ gelling agent stiff

[dentrifice]

dentrifice + gel

clean/polish teeth

used w/ toothbrush
[metered]

w/ metered dose valves

Globule

pellets/pilules

made of pure sucrose, lactose or other

polysaccharides

small globular masses

placed in vial + liquid drug not less than 1%

w/v dried at temp. not exceeding 40 degrees C
Granules

dry aggregates of powder

w/ 1 or more active ingr

compacted into tablets or filled into capsules

Gum

mucilaginous excretion from various plants

base : pliable material

chewed
[chewing]

sweetened & flavored insoluble plastic

[resin]

exudations from plants

resin + gum

H
Hard-Shell Capsule

1 or more APIs in a two piece shell

Immediate-Release

no deliberate effort made to modify API release

rate
Implant

small sterile solid mass

highly purified drug w/ or w/o excipients

made by compression/molding

by injection/incision

pellet
Infusion, intramammary

susp of drug in a suitable oil vehicle

veterinary use
Inhalant

high vapor pressure carried by an air current into

nasal passage

container : inhaler
Inhalation

dispersion of API into the airways during

inspiration

route of administration
Injection

for parenteral administration (body cavity, fluid or

tissue)

liquid/semisolid

by needle
[liposomal]

consist of or forms liposomes (lipid bilayer vesicle;

encapsulate active drug)
Insert

into nonrectal orifice;

non-encapsulated solid prep

local effect
Intraocular

deliver a sterile preparation w/in the eyes

route of administration
Intrauterine Device

device inserted & left inside the uterus

prevent effective conception

Irrigation

sterile soln

to bathe/flush open wounds/body cavities

J
Jelly
-

gel

Liniment

alcoholic/oleaginous soln/emulsion


treat pain & stiffness of underlying musculature
Liposomes
microvesicles
bilayer or concentric series of multiple bilayers
separated by aqueous compartments (ampipathic
molecules - phospholipids) which enclose a
central aqueous compartment
Lipstick
waxy solid
colored cosmetic
stick form for the lips
Liquid
pure chemical in liquid state
not applied to soln
Lotion
fluid emulsion applied to skin
soln / susp
Lozenge
solid prep
dissolve slowly in mouth
Lyophilization
removal of water/other solvent from frozen soln
(sublimation)
freeze drying

M
Modified-Release
release pattern = deliberately changed
accelerated, delayed, extended, pulsatile &
targeted
Molded Tablet
a formed tablet (dampening the ingr then press
into mold)
Mouthwash
aqueous soln
rinse oral cavity

Nasal
-

route of administration
mucosal
deposition in the nasal cavity
local/systemic effect

O
Ocular
deposition of API w/in the eye
route of administration
Oil
unctuous, combustible subs
liquid/easily liquefiable
soluble in ether
insoluble in water
animal, mineral or vegetable oil
Ointment
semisolid prep
external application
<20% water & volatiles / >50% HC, waxes or
polyols
Ophthalmic
route of administration
sterile prep to external parts of the eye
[ointment]
sterile ointment
[preparation]
[solution]
sterile solution
[strip]
sterile single-use container
sterile impregnated paper strip
[suspension]
sterile liquid prep

solid particles dispersed in liquid vehicle

Orally Disintegrating
solid oral dosage form
disintegrates rapidly in the mouth
API is for gastrointestinal delivery/absorption
Oropharyngeal
route of administration
deposition into oral cavity/pharyngeal region
local/systemic effect
Otic
route of administration
deposition into ear
aural
[solution]
soln instillation in the outer ear
[suspension]
micronized particles
instillation in the outer ear

P
Paste
Pastille
Patch
Pellet
-

semisolid dosage form

1 or more drug subs for topical application
20-50% concentration of solids
stiff consistency
for skin, oral cavity or mucous membrane
aromatic prep
w/ pleasing flavor
dissolve in mouth
drug delivery sytem w/ adhesive backing
ingr. passively diffuse or actively transport from
the patch to external site of the body

bead
small solid dosage form
uniform, spherical shape
solid granule made by compaction, molding or
granulation
Periodontal
prep applied around a tooth for local effect
Pill
solid spherical dosage form
prepared by a wet massing technique
Plaster
solid/semisolid mass supplied on a backing
material
prolonged contact on skin
Pledget
small compress or tuft
cotton/cotton wool
disinfectant/medicament to the skin
Poultice
soft, moist mass of meal, herbs, seed
applied hot on cloth
gruel-like consistency
Powder
intimate mixture of dry, finely divided
drug/chemicals
internal/external use
[inhalation]
for oral inhalation
used w/ device that aerosolizes & delivers a
metered amt
Premix
mixture of 1 or more drug sub in suitable vehicle
Prolonged-Release
extended- release
Pulsatile Release
modified to release aliquots of the total dose
@ 2 or more time intervals

R
Radiopharmaceuticals
radioactive pharmaceuticals
subs w/ radioisotope
used for diagnostic imaging/therapy
Rectal
route of administration
mucosal
deposition into the rectum
local/systemic effect
Rinse
soln used to clean by flushing

Salve
thick ointment or cerate
fat or waxed based prep
consistency bet. ointment & plaster
Semisolid

attribute reduced ability to flow/conform to its

container
does not flow at low shear stress
plastic flow behavior
Shampoo
soln, emulsion/ susp
clean the hair & scalp
Soap
alkali salt/s of 1 or more fatty acids
Soft Gel Capsule
increased levels of plasticizers
more pliable & thicker-walled
single-piece sealed dosages
deliver liquid compositions
Solution
liquid prep w/ 1 or more dissolved chem subs in a
suitable solvent
mixture of miscible solvents
clear, homogenous
[concentrate]
drug = strengthened by the evaporation of its
nonactive parts
Spirit
alcoholic/hydroalcoholic soln of volatile subs
Sponge
porous, interlacing, absorbent material
to apply medication/ cleansing
retains its shape
Spray
liquid minutely divided
jet of air/stream
Stent, Drug-Eluting
implant for extended local delivery
Sterile
completely lacking living microbial life
Sterility
product processed in an aseptic system = no
viable microorganisms
Stick
slender, cylindrical
rigid consistency
Strip
medicated tape
Sublingual
route of administration
placement underneath tongue
Suppository
solid dosage form
1 or more API dispersed in suitable base
insertion to rectum
local/systemic effect
Suspension
-

Swab
Syrup
-

liquid prep consists of insoluble solid particles

dispered throughout a liquid
small flat absorbent
for application or cleansing
soln w/ high concentration of sucrose or other
sugars

System
dosage form developed for uniform release into
the body
[intrauterine]
release of drug over a long period (a year)
[ocular]
placement in lower conjunctival fornix
[transdermal]
deliver drug through intact skin to systemic
circulation

T
Tablet
solid dosage form
w/ or w/o diluents
[chewable]
tablet that is chewed
pleasant-tasting residue
[delayed-release]
tablet w/ coating
postpone release until it passes thru the stomach
[effervescent]
mixture of acids & sodium bicarbonate
release CO2 when dissolved in water
[extended-release]
contained medication available for over an
extended period
[orally disintegrating]
disintegrates rapidly when placed under tongue
Tape, Medicated
composed of woven fabric/synthetic material
Targeted Release
deliver most of the drug to a specific region,
organ or tissue
Terminal Sterilization
process used to produce sterility in final product
Tincture
alcoholic/hydroalcoholic soln
from vegetable materials/chem subs
Topical
application to outer surface of the body
Transdermal Delivery System
[electroporation]
TDS enhanced by application of short, highvoltage electric pulses
to create an aqueous pores in the lipid bilayer of
skin
[high-velocity powder particles]
TDS using supersonic shock waves of helium gas
[iontophoresis]
TDS enhanced by use of applied electric current
[phonophoresis]
TDS enhance by application of low-frequency
ultrasound
Ultrasound, sonophresis, ultrasonophoresis,
ultraphonophoresis
Transdermal Matrix Patch
use of polymer matrix
systemic drug delivery
skin = rate-controlling membrane
Transdermal Membrane Patch
drug reservoir (semisolid dispersion/soln)
entrapped between backing & adhesive layers
Troche

lozenge

U
Urethral
for insertion into the urethra
local effect

Vaginal
deposition into the vagina
Vaginal Tablet/Insert
prepared by compression/encapsulation in soft
gelatin
Validation
prove that a process is doing what its supposed
to do & is under control

Vehicle
carrier or diluent
where liquids, semisolid or solids are
dissolved/suspended
water, syrups, elixirs, oleaginous liquids, solid &
semisolid carriers & proprietary products
Veterinary
for nonhuman use

W
Wafer
thin slice or material w/ medicinal agent
Water, Aromatic
clear, saturated aqueous soln of 1 or more
volatile oils/aromatic or volatile subs