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Greenhouse Gas
Emissions in Long
Range Transportation
Sector
Akshay Kalambur, Texas A&M University
Kingsville,Texas.
Abstract: The purpose of this project is to develop a methodology
and run a simulation in the MOVES model to estimate emissions
from the vehicles. This paper critically reviews some of the factors
that influence gas emissions from different types of vehicles, roads
and fuels, and focuses on existing methods to quantify emissions.
The trend in the average emissions of CO2 equivalent in four key
states namely Arizona, Texas, Utah and California in the US were
estimated. Results demonstrated that only low levels of emissions
occurred from urban restricted access roads and diesel fuel among
from the factors used in transportation. Methods are then
suggested for future research in this field to reduce the emissions.
The abbreviations D, G used in the report stand for the fuel types
of Diesel and Gasoline respectively and the codes ON, RR, RU,
UR and UU stand for the off network, rural restricted, rural
unrestricted, urban restricted and urban unrestricted types of roads.
The codes PC, TB, CLHT, SUSHT, SULHT, CSHT, PT, SB and
RT stand for passenger car, transit bus, combination long haul
truck, single unit short haul truck, single unit long haul truck,
combination short haul truck, passenger truck, school bus and
refuse truck respectively.
83
10.3
4.5
2.2
1. INTRODUCTION
Greenhouse gas emissions are a major source of pollutants
and gases which cause harm to the environment. In fact,
GHG or greenhouse gases are defined as gases in the
atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the
thermal infrared range. Water vapor, carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxides and ozone are the primary
greenhouse gases in the Earths atmosphere. GHG provides
a benefit by keeping temperature of the Earth warmer for
human habitation. As CO2 is the major contributor of the
emissions, GHG emissions are generally quantified in terms
1990
2000
2005
2009
Passenger cars
621.4
640.6
658
593.3
Light-duty trucks
Heavy & Medium
duty trucks
309.1
446.4
478.7
485.9
38.7
36
34.9
30.6
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
Passenger Cars
7.9
3.7
4.2
3.9
Light-duty trucks
Heavy & Medium
duty trucks
11.5
20.1
25.8
26.7
190.5
309.6
360.6
321.8
Gasoline
Buses
Diesel Fuel
RR
RU
UR
UU
7000000
6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
8000000
7000000
6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
4.
2000000
1000000
0
CO
NO2
NO
NOx
200
180
TB
CLHT
SUSHT
SULHT
CSHT
PT
SB
RT
8000000
7000000
6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
5.
FUTURE RESEARCH