Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Biosolids
Dave Parry, PhD, PEng, BCEE
January 2012
Impacts on Economics
Biomass Tipping
Fees
Biosolids Facility
Footprint
Value of Fertilizer
and Soil
Amendment
Value of Energy
(electricity, heat,
natural gas, vehicle
fuel)
Economics
of
Biosolids
Cost of Biosolids
Processing
Cost of
Sidestream
Treatment
Be Environmentally Sustainable
produce green power, reduce
emissions, beneficially use
resources
Economic
Operational
Environmental
Social
Fuel
Organic
Waste
Resource Supply
(fuel line)
Fertilizer &
Nutrients
Alias
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Reclaimed Water & Hydrothermal
Biosolids as a Resource
Sludge +
Organic Waste
Biogas
Land
Application
Amendment
Thickening
Dewatering
Anaerobic
Digestion
Soil
Amendment
Fertilizer
Drying
Char
Syngas
Char
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Ash
Dewatering
Incineration with
Energy Recovery
Biosolids Value
$500
Highest
biosolids
value
$400
$/DryTonofBiosolids
$300
CostofProduction
BiosolidsValue
NetCost
$200
$100
$0
$100
$200
Lowest
net cost
$300
$400
$500
SoilAmendment Fertilizer
Combustion
Gasification
Compost
Biosolids Alternatives
Digestion
Thickening
Thermo
Digestion
Dewatering
Drying
Gasification
Incineration
Lime
CHP
Drying
Thickening
Thermo
Digestion
Dewatering
Drying
Gasification
Incineration
Lime
CHP
Gasification
Thickening
Thermo
Digestion
Dewatering
Drying
Gasification
Incineration
Lime
CHP
Incineration
Thickening
Thermo
Digestion
Dewatering
Drying
Gasification
Incineration
Lime
CHP
Trucking
Gas
Heat
Electricity
Projected Total
O&M Cost
Carbon Dioxide
Footprint (tons
CO2e/yr)
Space Footprint
(ft2)
Incineration with
Power/Heat Recovery
$32,000,000
$920,000
-700
3,500
Digestion/CHP
$32,000,000
$1,120,000
-1800
22,200
Digestion/Drying/CHP
$38,000,000
$1,300,000
265
23,700
Gasification
$36,000,000
$1,308,000
2,100
5,000
Alternative
Finished Product
Biogas
Syngas
Digestion
Biomass
(Wood Waste)
Biochar
Biosolids
Pyrolysis
Dewatering
Syngas
Char
Drying
Gasification
Microscopic view
of biochar surface
Food Waste
Disposer
Wastewater Treatment
Food
Waste
Biogas
Biosolids
Anaerobic Digestion
Final Solids
Separation
Materials Recycling
Facility Preliminary Solids
Separation
Amendment
Compost
Composting Facility
Landfill
Biogas
2720
2500
Normalized Value
2000
1860
1650
1500
1000
1030
698
500
426
860 936
900
593
585
674
723
517
214
0
Capital Cost
(1,000s of dollars)
O&M Cost
(1,000s of dollars/yr)
Present Worth
(10,000s of dollars)
Size
Energy
0
Mesophilic
Anaerobic
-20
-40
Thermophilic
Anaerobic or
Thermal Hydrolysis
Aerobic
-60
AT Aerobic
-80
Natural Gas
Pipeline
CO2
Removal
Compressor
CNG Fueled
Vehicles
CHP
Biogas
Treatment
Sludge +
Organic Waste
Heat
Biogas
Digestion
Gas Turbine
Drying
Fuel Cell
Electricity
Gasoline
Gasoline
Assumptions:
20
Gasoline @ $4/gallon
CNG @ $1.85/GGE
Electricity @ $0.10/kWh
CHP @ 35% electric efficiency
CHP @ 40% heat efficiency
Boiler @ 85% efficiency
$/GJ
30
CNG
CNG (Vehicle
(Vehicle Fuel)
Fuel)
CHP
CHP
10
Engine
Engine (Power)
(Power)
Boiler
Boiler (Heat)
(Heat)
Biomethane
Biomethane
$16/GJ
$13/GJ
$10/GJ
$7/GJ
$5/GJ
Flare
Flare
Biomethane Production
Encina WPCF
Biosolids Drying and Biogas Fueled Cogeneration
3,000,000
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
CO2
Removal
Compressor
Biogas
Treatment
Biogas
Food Waste
Digestion
CNG Fueled
Vehicles
Dry Thermophilic
Anaerobic Digestion
Summary