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1 Introduction
2 A preliminary issue
ISBN: 978-1-61804-128-9
95
Time [s]
Current [A]
Fig. 1 - Time-current curve of the general circuit
breaker compared with the evaluated inrush current
obtained from manufacturer data.
ISBN: 978-1-61804-128-9
96
Transformer rated
power [kVA]
250
400
630
1250
1600
2000
ki
12
12
11
10
9
8
Time constant
[s]
0.22
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
The parameter values of the equivalent singlephase transformer are shown in Table 3.
Parameter
Ro
R1
Ld1
R2
Ld2
ISBN: 978-1-61804-128-9
97
Value
55081
0.1037
77
mH
0.511 m
0.011 mH
Ir [A]
Is [A]
It [A]
315
729
813
30
580
1086
694
60
760
1076
491
90
1025
653
589
120
1053
432
822
150
381
388
594
180
351
856
937
210
581
889
485
240
816
910
307
270
936
561
587
300
297
75
297
330
371
441
641
Is [A]
It [A]
301
768
784
30
601
1045
722
60
771
1031
515
90
978
628
601
120
1013
441
801
150
396
401
588
180
363
843
919
210
597
879
487
240
807
896
317
270
913
542
595
300
311
83
304
330
383
456
631
ISBN: 978-1-61804-128-9
Ir [A]
= 0,995
= 0,1
= 10.
98
Oscilloscope Currents
Three-phase ideal
voltage generator
Three-phase
inductor bank
Circuit
breaker
Transformer
1500 kVA
breaker
Oscilloscope Voltages
Fig. 3 - Block diagram of the simulation model for the test circuit of Fig 2.
Fig. 4 - The simulator implemented for a partial MV-LNGS network (case study).
ISBN: 978-1-61804-128-9
99
References
[1] G. Fazio, V. Lauropoli, F. Muzi, G. Sacerdoti,
Variable-window algorithm for ultra-highspeed distance protection, IEEE Transactions
on Power Delivery - Vol. n. 18, NO. 2, April
2003.
[2] Y. Cui, S. G. Abdulsalam, S. Chen, W. Xu, A
Sequential Phase Energization Technique for
Transformer Inrush Current Reduction. IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery, VOL. 20, No.
2, April 2005.
[3] F. Muzi, A filtering procedure based on least
squares and Kalman algorithm for parameter
estimate in distance protection, International
Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal
Processing, (a NAUN, North Atlantic
University Union, Journal), Issue 1, Vol. 1,
2007.
[4] F. Muzi, Real-time Voltage Control to
Improve Automation and Quality in Power
Distribution, WSEAS Transactions on Circuits
and Systems, Issue 4, Volume 7, April 2008.
[5] K. P. Basu, A. Asghar, Reduction of
magnetizing inrush current in a delta
connected transformer, Power and Energy
Conference, 2008, PECon 2008.
[6] F. Muzi, Distance relays in conjunction with a
new control algorithm of inverters for smart
grid protection, 2011 CIGRE International
Symposium The electric Power System of the
future Integrating Supergrids
and
Microgrids, Bologna, Italy, September 13-15,
2011.
[7] M. Gong, X. Zhang, Z. Gong, W. Xia; J. Wu,
C. Lv, Study on a new method to identify
inrush current of transformer based on wavelet
neural network, Electrical and Control
Engineering (ICECE), 2011.
[8] F. Muzi, A real-time harmonic monitoring
aimed at improving smart grid power quality,
2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart
Measurements for Future Grids (SMFG),
Bologna, Italy, November 14-16, 2011.
[9] F. Muzi, R. Dercosi Persichini, An analysis of
overvoltages in large MV-Cable installation,
15th IEEE-ICHQP International Conference,
17-20 June 2012, Hong Kong.
[10] C. Bartoletti, G. Fazio, F. Muzi, S. Ricci, G.
Sacerdoti, Diagnostics of electric power
components: an improvement on signal
discrimination, WSEAS Transactions on
circuits and systems, Issue 7, Vol. 4, July 2005
7 Conclusions
In MV installations with very long cables, the
transformer inrush currents may cause serious
problems to the continuity of power supply. The
issue was investigated by referring to a real
system, namely an underground laboratory,
although the developed considerations are valid
for any MV installation. As a preliminary step,
experimental test results from the energization of
an MV power transformer were presented and
analyzed. Then a simulator of the whole system,
implemented in a Matlab/Simulink environment,
was illustrated. The results of a case study were
also highlighted by focusing mainly on the
selectivity of the protection system. Moreover,
possible solutions are suggested in order to
achieve the required level of selectivity by
ISBN: 978-1-61804-128-9
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