Engineering Circuit Analysis

8th Edition

Chapter Nine Exercise Solutions

1. R = 1K, C = 3 F, and L is such that the circuit response is overdamped.

(a) For Source-free parallel RLC circuit:
1
0
LC
1

2 RC
For overdamped 0 or L 4R 2 C

L 12H
(b) v(0 ) 9V ,

dv
dt

t 0

2V / s

Choose L = 13 H

1
1

166.67 s 1
2 RC 2 1000 3 106
1
1
0

160.128rad / s
LC
13 3 106
1
1
0 2

25641
LC 13 3 106

s1 2 0 2 120.43
s2 2 0 2 166.67 46.24 212.91
v(t ) A1e s1t A2e s2t
vR (t ) A1e 120.43t A2e 212.91t
v(0 ) 9V
9 A1 A2
dv
A1 ( 120.43) A2 ( 212.91) 2
dt t 0
A1 5.75, A2 3.25
vR (t ) 5.75e 120.43t 3.25e 212.91t

2. L = 2 nH, C = 10 mF, the circuit source-free parallel RLC circuit.

(a) R so that the circuit is just barely overdamped.
For Source-free parallel RLC circuit:

1
LC

1
2 RC

For overdamped 0 or R

1 L
2 C

R<0.0002236
Choose R 0.00021
1
1

238095.2s 1
3
2 RC 2 0.00021 10 10
1
1
0

223606.8rad / s
LC
2 10 9 10 10 3
0

(b)iR (0 ) 13PA, diE / dt

t 0

1nA / s

0 223606.8rad / s
227272.7 s 1
0 2 5 1010
2 5.165 1010
2 0 2 40620.2
s1 2 02 227272.7 40620.2 186652.5s 1
s2 2 02 227272.7 40620.2 267892.9s 1
iR (t ) A1e s1t A2e s2t
iR (0 ) 13 pA
A1 A2 13 pA
diE
t 0 1nA
dt
diR
A1 s1 A2 s2 1nA / s
dt t 0
A1 4.28 1011 , A2 2.98 1011
iR (t ) 4.28 1011 e 186652.5t 2.98 1011 e 267892.9t

3. C = 16 mF, L = 1 mH, choose R such that the circuit is

(a) Just barely overdamped;
1
2 RC
1
1
0

250rad / s
3
LC
110 16 103

1 L
2 C
R 0.125
R

R 0.124

252s 1
0
(b) Just barely underdamped;
0

R 0.125
R 0.126

248s 1
0
(c) Critically damped.
0

R 0.125
(d) Does your answer for part (a) change if the resistor tolerance is 1%? 10%?
R 0.124 1%

R 0.124 0.01(0.124) 0.12524

249.52
0 underdamped
R 0.124 1%(0.124) 0.12276

254.56 0 overdamped
R 0.124 10%
R 0.124 0.0124 0.1364 229.1 0 underdamped
R 0.124 0.0124 0.1116 280 0 overdamped
So, yes the answer for part (a) will change if the resistor tolerance is 1% or 10%
(e) Increase the exponential damping coefficient for part (c) by 20%. Is the circuit now
underdamped, overdamped, or still critically damped? Explain.

old 1
new 1.2

1.2

300 s 1
0 250
0
Since 0 the circuit now is overdamped.

4. Calculate , 0, s1, and s2 for a source-free parallel RLC circuit if

(a) R = 4 , L = 2.22 H, and C = 12.5 mF;
= 10

0 6

s1 2 0

s1 2
s 2 2 0

s 2 18
(b) L = 1 nH, C = 1 pF, and R is 1% of the value required to make the circuit underdamped.
1
0
3.16 10 10 rad / s
LC
underdamped 0
R 15.82
1% R 0.1582
1

3.16 10 12 s 1
2 RC
0 overdamped
s1 2 0 158 10 6
2

s 2 2 02 6.3198 10 12

(c) Calculate the damping ratio for the circuits of parts (a) and (b)
10
a

1.667
0 6

3.16 1012

100
0 3.16 1010

5. No 1 k_ resistors, C = 3 F, L>12H, 1 meter long piece of 24 AWG soft solid copper wire.
Replace the resistor with 1 meters of 24 AWG copper wire. From Table 2.4, 24 AWG soft solid
copper wire has a resistance of 25.7 /1000ft. Thus, the wire has a resistance of
100cm 1in 1 ft 25.7
0.0843
R 1m

1m 2.54cm 12in 1000 ft

1

1977066 s 1
2 RC
1
1
0

160rad / s
LC
13 3 10 6
0 overdamped

2 3.909 1012 , 0 2 25641

2 0 2 1977119
s1 2 0 1977066 1977119 53
2

s2 2 02 1977066 1977119 3954185

6. source-free parallel RLC circuit having 10 8 s 1 , 0 10 3 rad / s, 0 L 5.

(a)

V s
s
A
0 1 / s

1H

1
s

0 L s
(b)
s1 2 0 10 8 1016 10 6 683.77 10 6
2

s 2 2 02 10 8 1016 10 6 131.62 10 7

(c)
v c (t ) A1 e s1t A2 e s2t
v c (t ) A1 e 683.7710 t A2 e 131.6210
6

(d) Given L and C each initially store 1mJ of energy

1 2
Cv (t 0 ) 1 10 3 J
2
1
w L Li 2 (t 0 ) 1 10 3 J
2
t
v 1
dv
vdt , i (t 0 ) C
0
R L t0
dt
wc

7. R = 500 , C = 10 F, and L such that it is critically damped.

(a) Determine L.
L 4R 2 C

L 4 500 10 10 6 10 H
Yes, this value s large for a printed-circuit board mounted component. For example, 11H
inductor measuring 10cm (tall) 8 cm (wide) 8 cm (deep).
2

(b) Add a resistor in parallel to the existing components such that the damping ratio is equal to
10.

10

1
1

100
2 RC 2 500 10 10 6
1
0
100
LC
1

10

1000
0

1
R 50
2 R 10 10 6
R 500
50 500 // R new 50 new
R new 500

1000

R new 55.6

(c) Increasing the damping ratio further lead to an overdamped circuit since

0 When increasing the damping ratio we are increasing

0

8. R=1K, L= 7mH, C= 1nF. L initially discharged and C strong 7.2mJ

(a)

1
5 10 5 s 1
2 RC
1
1
0

377964rad / sec
LC
7 10 3 1 10 9
0 overdamped

2 2.5 1011 , 0 2 1.429 1011

2 02 327261.4
s1 172738.6
s 2 827261.4
(b) i(t) through the resistor for t>0

i R (t ) A1 e s1t A2 e s2t
i L (0 ) i L (0 ) 0
wC

1
2
Cv C (0) 7.2 10 3 v C (0 )
2

2 7.2 10 3
3.795 10 3 V v C (0 )
9
110

v C (t ) A1 e s1t A2 e s2t A1 e 172738.6t A2 e 827261.4t

v C (0 ) 3.795 10 3 V A1 A2

dv C
iC 0
i R (0 ) i L (0 ) 3.795

3.79510 9
172738.6 A1 827261.4 A2
dt t 0
C
C
110 9
A1 -1.0009 10 3 , A2 4.7956 10 3
v C (t ) -1.0009 10 3 e 172738.6t 4.7956 10 3 e 827261.4t
i R (t )

v C t
-1.0009e 172738.6t 4.7956e 827261.4t
R

(c)

i R (10s) -0.1768A

9. vC (t ) 10e10t 5e4tV
(a) clear all;
close all;
clc;
t=[0:0.01:1.5];
vc1=10*exp(-10*t);
vc2=5*exp(-4*t);
vc=vc1-vc2;
plot(t,vc1,'-ro')
hold on
plot(t,vc2,'-.b')
hold on
plot(t,vc,'.-g')
hleg1 = legend('10*exp(-10*t)','5*exp(-4*t)','vC(t)');
grid on
xlabel('t(s)')
ylabel('v(t)')

(b)

10. iL (t ) 0.20e 2t 6e 3t A
(a)
clear all;
close all;
clc;
t=[0:0.1:1.5];
il1=0.20*exp(-2*t);
il2=0.6*exp(-3*t);
il=il1-il2;
plot(t,il1,'-ro')
hold on
plot(t,il2,'-.b')
hleg1 = legend('0.20*exp(-2*t)','0.6*exp(-3*t)');
grid on
xlabel('t(s)')
ylabel('iL(t)')

(b)

(c) wL (t )

1 2
Li L
2

s1 2 2 0

s 2 3 2 0 s1 s 2 5 2 2.5s 1
2

0 6rad / sec
1
1
2.5
C 0.2 F
2 RC
2(1)C
1
overdamped 0 L 2 L 0.8 H L 1H
0 C

letR 1

wL

1
1
2
Li L [0.20e 2t 6e 3t ] 2
2
2

t=[0:0.1:1.5];
il1=0.20*exp(-2*t);
il2=0.6*exp(-3*t);
il=il1-il2;
plot(t,il1,'-ro')
hold on
plot(t,il2,'-.b')
il=il1-il2;
hold on
plot(t,il,'*g')
ylabel('iL(t)')
hleg1 = legend('0.20*exp(-2*t)','0.6*exp(-3*t)','iL');
figure
wl=(0.5)*(il).^2;
plot(t,wl)
grid on
xlabel('t(s)')
ylabel('wL(t)')

11.
(a)

i R (t ) 2e t 3e 8t , t 0
di R
2e t 3 8e 8t 0
dt
2e t 24e 8t 0
12 e 7 t m ln(7) 7t m t m 1.714s
i R (t m ) 2e ( 1.714) 3e 8(1.714)
i R (t m ) i R max 0.3603
(b)

i R max 0.3603
1% i R max 0.003603
0.003603 2e t s 3e 8t s
t s 6.319s

(c) The time corresponding to the resistor absorbing 2.5 W

P i R R 5 2e t 3e 8t
2

2.5 5 2e t 3e 8t

0.5 2e t 3e 8t ln( 0.5 ) ln( 2e t 3e 8t ) t 1.04 sec

12.

1
1

20s 1
2 RC 2 0.1 250 10 3
2 400
1
1
0

5.1rad / s
LC
2
3
250 10
13

0 2 26.1
s1 2 0 20 400 26.1 0.66
2

s 2 2 02 39.34

0 overdamped
At t 0 replace the inductor with short crcuit and the capacitor with open circuit. The voltage
power supply will be on.

6
2.99 10 4 A
20k 0.1
0.1
v C (0 ) 6
2.99 10 5 V
20k 0.1

i L (0 )

At t 0

v C (0 ) v C (0 ) 2.99 10 5 V
i L (0 ) i L (0 ) 2.99 10 4 A
v C (t ) A1 e s1t A2 e s2t
v C (t ) A1 e 0.66t A2 e 39.34t
v C (0) 2.99 10 5 A1 A2
dv C
0.66 A1 e 0.66t 39.34 A2 e 39.34t
dt
v (0 )
dv
i C C C i C (0 ) i L (0 ) i R (0 ) (2.99 10 4 ) C
0
dt
0.1
dv C
dv
C
dt
dt
0.66 A1 39.34 A2 0

i C ( 0) C

t 0

i C (0)
0
C

A1 0.3 10 4 , A2 5.1 10 7
v C (t ) 0.3 10 4 e 0.66t 5.1 10 7 e 39.34t

13.
(a)

20, 0 5.1rad / s, s1 0.66, s 2 39.34

i L (t ) A1 e s1t A2 e s2t , t 0 i L (t ) A1 e 0.66t A2 e 39.34t
i L (0) 2.99 10 4 A i L (0 )
i L (0) A1 A2 2.99 10 4
di L
0.66 A1 e 0.66t 39.34 A2 e 39.34t
dt
di
v L (t ) L L , v L (0 ) v C (0) 2.99 10 5 V
dt
2
v L (0) (0.66 A1 39.34 A2 ) 2.99 10 5 0.66 A1 39.34 A2 1.94 10 4
13
A1 2.99 10 4 , A2 7.7 10 8
i L (t ) 2.99 10 4 e 0.66t 7.7 10 8 e 39.34t
(b)
i R (t ), t 0
i R (t ) A1 e s1t A2 e s2t i R (t ) A1 e 0.66t A2 e 39.34t
t 0 i R (0 ) i L (0 ) 2.99 10 4 A, v C (0 ) 2.99 10 5 V
t 0 i L (0 ) i L (0 ) 2.99 10 4 A, v C (0 ) v C (0 ) 2.99 10 5 V
v C (0 )
2.99 10 4
R
i R (0) A1 A2 2.99 10 4
i R (0 )

v C (t ) Ri R (t ) 0.1 A1 e 0.66t A2 e 39.34t

dv C
250 10 3 0.1 0.66 A1 e 0.66t 39.34 A2 e 39.34t
dt

i C (0 ) i L (0 ) i R (0 ) 0
i C (t ) C

0.66 A1 39.34 A2 0 A1 3.04 10 4 , A2 5.1 10 6

i R (t ) 3.04 10 4 e 0.66t 5.1 10 6 e 39.34t

(c)

di L
1.7 10 4 e 0.66t 3.03 10 6 e 39.34t 0 t max 0
dt
2.989 10 4 A

i L max
i L max

1% i L max 2.989 10 6 A
t s 6.978s

i R (t ) 3.04 10 4 e 0.66t 5.1 10 6 e 39.34t

di R
2 10 4 e 0.66t 2 10 4 e 39.34t 0 t max 0
dt
2.989 10 4 A

i R max
i R max

1% i L max 2.989 10 6 A
t s 7.003s

14. at t=0 both the 10 A source and the 48 are removed leaving the 2mF, 250 mH, and 1
resistor in parallel.
(a) iC (0 ) 0
(b) i L (0 )

0.009796
2.04110 4 A
48

(c) i R (0 )

0.009796
9.79 10 3 A
1

(d) vC (0 ) 48 // 1 10 10 3 A 0.9796 10 10 3 0.009796V

(e) iC (0 ) i L (0 ) i R (0 ) 2.04110 4 9.796 10 3 0.01A
(f) i L (0 ) i L (0 ) 2.04110 4 A
(g) i R (0 )

v C (0 ) 0.009696

0.009796 A
R
1

(h) vC (0 ) vC (0 ) 0.009796V

15. v R (t ) for t>0

(a)
1
1

250s 1
2 RC 2 1 2 10 3
1
1
0

44.7 rad / s
LC
250 10 3 2 10 3
0 overdamped
v R (t ) A1 e s1t A2 e s2t
s1 2 0 250 (250) 2 44.7
2

s1 4
s 2 2 0 250 (250) 2 44.7
2

s 2 495.97
v R (t ) A1 e 4t A2 e 495.97t
v R (0 ) v C (0 ) 9.796 10 3
v R (0 ) v C (0 ) 9.796 10 3
v R (0) 9.796 10 3 V
A1 A2 9.796 10 3
dv C
4 A1 e 4t 495.97 A2 e 495.97t
dt
dv C
dv
4 A1 495.97 A2 iC (0 ) C C t 0 i L (0 ) i R (0 ) 0.01A
t 0
dt
dt
4
4 A1 495.97 A2 5 A1 2.04 10 , A2 0.01

v C (t ) A1 e 4t A2 e 495.97t

v R (t ) 2.04 10 4 e 4t 0.01e 495.97t

v R (t ) 2.04 10 4 e 4t 0.01e 495.97t

dv R
8.16 10 4 e 4t 4.9597e 495.97t 0 t max 0
dt
9.796 10 3 V

v R max
(b) v R max

1% v R max 9.796 10 5 V
t s 9.33 10 3 s

16.
(a) at t 0

i R (0 ) 0, i L (0 ) 5A
v C (0 ) 0
at t 0 vC (0 ) 0V

1
1

625s 1
3
2 RC 2 0.2 4 10
1
1
0

500rad / s
3
LC
1 10 4 10 3

0 overdamped
v C (t ) A1 e s1t Ae s2t
s1 2 0 625 (625) 2 500
2

s1 250
s 2 2 0 625 (625) 2 500
2

s 2 1000
v R (t ) A1 e 250t A2 e 1000t
v C (0 ) v C (0 ) 0V
v C (0) 0V
A1 A2 0
dv C
250 A1 e 250t 1000e 1000t
dt
dv
iC C C
dt

iC (0 ) i L (0 ) i R (0 )
v C (0 )
0
R
i L (0 ) i L (0 ) 5A iC (0) i L (0 ) 5A
i R (0 )

5 10 6 4 10 3 (250 A1 1000 A2 )
A1 1.67 10 6 , A2 1.67 10 6
v(t ) 1.67 10 6 e 250t 1.67 10 6 e 1000t

(b)
i L (t ) A1 e s1t A2 e s2t
v C (t ) A1 e 250t A2 e 1000t
i L (0 ) i L (0 ) 5A i L (0) 5A
5A A1 A2
di L
250 A1 e 250t 1000 A2 e 1000t
dt
di
v L (t ) L L
dt

v L (0 ) v C (0 ) 0V
250 A1 1000 A2 0
A1 6.67 10 6 , A2 1.67 10 6
i L (t ) 6.67 10 6 e 250t 1.67 10 6 e 1000t
di L
250 6.67 10 6 e 250t m 1000 1.67 10 6 e 1000t m 0
dt
tm 0
i L (t m ) 5 10 6 A

(c)
i L max 5 10 6 A
1%i Lmax 0.05 10 6 A
0.05 10 6 6.67 10 6 e 250t s 1.67 10 6 e 1000t s
0.05 10 6 6.67 10 6 e 250t s
0.0075 e 250t s
ln(0.0075) 250t s
t s 19.57 10 3 s

17.

1
1

99.2
2 RC 2 14 360 10 6
1
1
0

52.7 rad / sec

LC
1 360 10 6
0 overdamped

v(t ) A1 e s1t Ae s2t

s1 2 0 99.2 (99.2) 2 52.7
2

s1 15.16 s 1
s 2 2 0 99.2 (99.2) 2 52.7
2

s 2 183.24s 1
v(t ) A1 e 15.16t A2 e 183.24t
t 0
i L (0 ) i R (0 ) 310mA

v C (0 ) v R (0 ) 14 310 10 3 4.34V

t 0
i L (0 ) L (0 ) 310mA
v C (0 ) v C (0 ) 4.34V
v C (t ) A1 e 15.16t A2 e 183.24t v C (0) 4.34 A1 A2
dv C
15.16 A1 e 15.16t 183.24 A2 e 183.24t
dt
dv
iC C C
dt

i C (0 ) i L (0 ) i R (0 )
v C (0 ) 4.34
i R (0 )

0.31A, i C (0 ) i L (0 ) i R (0 ) 0
R
14
dv C
t 0 15.16 A1 183.24 A2 0 A1 4.73, A2 -0.391
dt
v C (t ) 4.73e 15.16t 0.391e 183.24t

1
i L vdt i L (0) [4.73e 15.16t 0.391e 183.24t ]dt 0.31 0.312e 15.16t 0.002e 183.24t A
L0
0

18.

1
1

1388.9 s 1
2 RC 2 1 360 10 6
1
1
0

52.7rad / sec
LC
1 360 10 6
0 overdamped

v C (t ) A1 e s1t Ae s2t
s1 2 0 1388.9 (1388.9) 2 52.7
2

s1 1s 1
s 2 2 0 1388.9 (1388.9) 2 52.7
2

s 2 2776.8s 1
v(t ) A1 e t A2 e 2776.8t
i L (0 ) i R (0 ) 310mA
v C (0 ) v C (0 ) 4.34V
v C (t ) A1 e t A2 e 2776.8t v C (0) 4.34 A1 A2
iC C

dv C
dt

i C (0 ) i L (0 ) i R (0 ) 0

dv C
A1 2776.8 A2 0
dt

A1 4.34, A2 0.002
v C (t ) 4.34e t 0.002e 2776.8t
wC

1
1
2
Cv C 360 10 6 4.34e t 0.002e 2776.8t
2
2

180 10 6 4.34e t 0.002e 2776.8t

(b)

1
1
2
Cv C 360 10 6 4.34e t 0.002e 2776.8t
2
2
wC max 3.387 10 3 J t max 0 sec
wC

1
wC max 1.694 10 3 J
2
t

1
wC max
2

0.347 sec

180 10 6 4.34e t 0.002e 2776.8t

20. R1 0.752, R2 1.268

1
(a) wC Cv 2C
2
At t 0 , vC (0 ) 0 due to the presence of the inductor.
Performing mesh analysis:

1.5 R1iA 0
iA i1 i2 1.5 0.752i1 0.752i2 0
Mesh two:

R1iA 2iA R2i2 0 0.02i2 1.25i1 0

i1 , i2 i1 0.0315 A, i2 1.967 A
iA (0 ) i1 i2 2 A
t 0 vC (0 ) R2iA (0 ) 2iA (0 ) R1iA (0 ) 0
Solving for iA (0 ) 0

vLC R2 2(1) R1 0 vLC 0.02V RTh

1
1

5s 1
2 RC 2 0.02 5
1
1
0

0.3162rad / sec
LC
5 2

0 overdamped

vLC
0.02
1A

vC (t ) A1e s1t Ae s2t

s1 2 0 2 5 (5) 2 0.3162

s1 0.01s 1
s2 2 0 2 5 (5) 2 0.3162

s2 9.99s 1
v(t ) A1e 0.01t A2 e 9.99t
iL (0 ) i2 (0 ) 1.967 A
vC (0 ) vC (0 ) 0V
vC (t ) A1e 0.01t A2e 9.99t vC (0) 0 A1 A2
iC C

dvC
, iR (0 ) iA (0 ) 0
dt

iC (0 ) iL (0 ) iR (0 ) 1.967 A

dvC
1.967
0.01A1 9.99 A2
0.3934
dt
5

A1 0.03934,A2 0.03934
vC (t ) 0.03934e 0.01t 0.03934e 9.99t
2
2
1
1
wC CvC 2 5 0.03934e 0.01t 0.03934e 9.99t 2.5 0.03934e 0.01t 0.03934e 9.99t
2
2

(b)

21. L = 8H, C = 2F
(a)

1
, 0
2 RC

1
LC

0 Critical damping
1
1
1 L 1
8

LC 4 R 2 C 2 R

1000 1k
2
2
LC
2 C 2 2 10 6
4R C
(b)

1
1

250s 1
6
2 RC 2 1000 2 10

(c) v Ri r

v e t ( A1t A2 )
v e 250t ( A1t A2 )
ir

v 1 250t
e
( A1t A2 )
R R

(d) Show that i r

d 2 ir

1 t
e ( A1t A2 ) is a solution to
R

di r
2 ir 0
dt

dt
di r 1 t
1
e A1 e t ( A1t A2 ) A1 A1t A2 e t
dt R
R
2
d ir

(2 A1 A1t A2 )e t
2
R
dt
2
d ir
di

1
1

2 r 2 i r
(2 A1 A1t A2 )e t 2 A1 A1t A2 e t 2 e t ( A1t A2 )
2
dt
R
R
dt
R

2A1 2 A2 2 A1t 2A1 2 2 A1t 2 2 A2 2 A1t 2 A2 e t 0

R

22. 0
L 4 R 2C
1H 1 2 F
V
1 1
A
A.s
1F 1
V
V .s
1H
A
L 4 R 2C

V .s V 2 A.s V .s
2

A
A
V
A

1H 1 2 F

23. R = 40, L = 51.2H, C = 8F

(a)

1
1

1.563 10 6 s 1
9
2 RC 2 40 8 10

LC

1
6

51.2 10 8 10

1.563 10 6 rad / s

(b) We could never make exactly equal to 0 because in practice it is unusual to obtain
components that are closer than 1 percent of their specified values.
(c) L stores 1mJ, C initially discharged
wL

1 2
1
2
Li w L 1mJ Li L (0)
2
2

2 110 3
6.25 A
51.2 10 6
v C (t ) e t ( A1t A2 )

i L (0)

v C (t ) A1 e 1.56310 t t A2 e 1.56310
6

v C (0) 0
0 0 A2 A2 0
v C (t ) A1 e 1.56310 t t
6

6
6
dv C
A1 e 1.56310 t A11.563 10 6 te 1.56310 t
dt
dv C
t 0 A1
dt
dv C
iC (0)
, iC (0) i L (0) i R (0)
t 0
dt
C
i R (0) 0 iC (0) i L (0)

dv C
i L (0)
6.25

7.813 10 8 V / s
t 0
9
dt
C
8 10
8
A1 7.813 10 V / s
v C (t ) 7.813 10 8 e 1.56310 t t
6

v C (500 10 9 ) 178.81V
t m 0.64 10 6 sec
V m 183.5V

v C max 183.5V
1%v C max 1.835V
1.835 7.813 10 8 t s e 1.56310 t s
6

t s 4.9 10 6 s

25. R = 40 , C = 2 pF.
(a) 0

2 RC

1
LC

L 4 R 2 C 4 40 2 2 10 12

L 1.28 10 8 H

(b) In practice it is unusual to obtain components that are closer than 1% of their specified
values.
(c) i L (0) 0, wC 10 pJ

1 2
1
Cv 10 10 12 2 10 12 v C (0) v C (0) 10V
2
2
1
v R (t ) e t ( A1t A2 )
625 10 7 s 1
2 RC
wC

v R (t ) e 62510 t ( A1t A2 )
7

v C (0) 10V v R (0)

10 0 A2 A2 10
v R (t ) e 62510 t ( A1t 10)
7

7
dv R
dv
e 62510 t ( A1 625 10 7 A1t 6.25 1010 ) R t 0 A1 6.25 1010
dt
dt
dv C
iC (0)
i (0)
0.25
, iC (0) i L (0) i R (0), i L (0) 0 C

2.083 1010 V / s
t 0
12
dt
C
C
2 10
dv R
A1 6.25 1010 2.083 1010
t 0
dt
A1 8.333 10 8

v R (t ) e 62510 t (8.333 10 8 t 10)

7

v (t ) [e 62510 t (8.333 10 8 t 10)] 2

P R

P2ns 4.7257 10 -11W

R
40
2

26. i s (t ) 30u(t )mA

(a) R1 so that v 0 6V
At t 0 , the current source is on, the inductor can be treated as a short circuit, and C as an open
circuit. Thus v(0 ) appears across R1 and is given by

v0 v0 v0 6V
v 0 30mAR1

R1

v0
200
30 10 3

(b) v (2ms)

v e t ( A1t A2 )
At t 0 the current source has turned itself off and R1 is shorted. We are left with a parallel
RLC circuit comprised of R 5, C 200F , L 20mH

1
1

500s 1
6
2 RC 2 5 200 10
1
1
0

500rad / sec
3
6
LC
20 10 200 10
0 critcallyd amped

v(t ) e t ( A1t A2 )
v(t ) A1te 500t A2 e 500t
t 0
i L (0 ) 30mA
v C (0 ) v C (0 ) 6V
v0 6 A2

v C (t ) A1te 500t 6e 500t

dv C
A1 e 500t 500 A1te 500t 3000e 500t
dt
dv C
t 0 A1 3000
dt
t 0
v C (0 ) 6
1. 2 A
R
5

3
i L (0 ) L (0 ) 30mA iC (0 ) 30 10 1.2 1.23 A
iC (0 ) i L (0 ) i R (0 ), i R (0 )

dv C
dv (0 ) iC (0 )
C

dt
dt
C
1.23
A1 3000
6150 A1 3150
200 10 6
v C (t ) 3150te 500t 6e 500t

iC C

v(2ms) 0.11V
(c) t s for v C

dv C
3150e 500t 3150 500 te 500t 6500 e 500t 0
dt
3150 1.575 10 6 t min 3000 0 t mn 3.9 10 3 sec
v C (t min ) V mi 0.8925V
v C max 6V t max 0
3150t s e 500t s 6e 500t s 0.00893
t s 0.0172s

 2A

27. i s (t ) 10u(1 t )A R1 so that i L 0

15

is(t)

10

0
-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0
t

At t 0 , the current source is on, the inductor can be treated as a short circuit, and C as an open

circuit. Thus v(0 ) appears across R1 and is given by

5R1
10A
v 0 10A( R1 // 5)
R1 5
v 0
i L 0 i L 0 2A
R1

R1 20

v 0 40 10 6 V

1
1

500 s 1 , 0
6
2 RC 2 5 200 10

500 s 1

LC

i L (t ) e t A1 t A2 i L (t ) e 500t A1t A2

i L (0) 2 10 6 A 2 10 6 A2 i L (t ) e 500t A1t 2 10 6

di L
e 500t A1 500 A1t 1 10 3
dt
v C (0 ) 14 310 10 3 4.34V

t 0
v C (0 ) v C (0 ) 40 10 6 V
di L
t 0
dt
40 10 6 A1 3 10 3

v L (0) v C (0) 40 10 6 V L

(20 10 3 ) A1 1 10 3

i L (t ) e 500t 3 10 3 t 2 10 6
i L (500ms) 0
i L (1.002ms) 3.033 10 6

10

28.
(a) Critically damping

0 L 4 R 2 C L 4142 360 10 6
L 0.282 H
(b)

1
1

99.21s 1
6
2 RC 2 14 360 10

i L (t ) e t A1t A2 i L (t ) e 99.21t A1t A2

t 0
i L (0 ) 310 10 3 A, i R (0 ) 310 10 3 A
v C (0 ) 14 310 10 3 4.34V

t 0
v C (0 ) v C (0 ) 4.34V
v C (0 )
310 10 3 A, i L (0 ) 310 10 3 A
R
i L (0) 310 10 3 A2
i R (0 )

i L (t ) e 99.21t A1t 310 10 3

di L
e 99.21t A1 99.21A1t 30.755
dt
di
v L (0) v C (0) 4.34 L L t 0
dt
(0.282) A1 30.755 4.34 A1 15.365

i L (t ) e 99.21t 15.365t 310 10 3

2
1
1
2
Li L (0.282) e 99.21t 15.365t 310 10 3
2
2
w L (10ms) 2.04 10 88 J

wL

v C (t ) e t A1t A2 v C (t ) e 99.21t A1t A2

t 0
i L (0 ) 310 10 3 A, i R (0 ) 310 10 3 A

v C (0 ) 14 310 10 3 4.34V

v C (0 ) v C (0 ) 4.34V
v C (0 )
310 10 3 A, i L (0 ) 310 10 3 A
R
v C (0) 4.34 A2

i R (0 )

v C (t ) e 99.21t A1t 4.34

dv C
e 99.21t A1 99.21A1t 430.57
dt
dv
iC C C , iC (0) i L (0) i R (0) 0
dt
A1 430.57 0 A1 430.57
v C (t ) e 99.21t 430.57t 4.34

2
1
1
2
Cv C (360 10 6 ) e 99.21t 430.57t 4.34
2
2
wC (10ms) 1.8499 10 3 J

wC

29. R1 R2 10
(a)

0
1
1
, 0
2 RC
LC
v
RTh LC 80
1A
3125s 1

L 0.0512 H

30. Underdamped
(a)

0 ,
1

2 RC
R

1
, 0
2 RC

1
2 RC
LC

1
LC
LC 4 R 2C 2 LC

1 L
2 C

(b) C 1nF , L 10mH

1 L
1 10 10 3
R
R
R 1581.14
2 C
2 110 9
R 1582
1

3.16055 10 5 s 1
2 RC
1
0
3.16227 10 5 rad / sec
LC
0
(c)

If the damping ratio increased the circuit becomes less underdamped since will be larger than
(d)

1
3.16055 10 5 s 1
2 RC
1
2
0
3.16227 10 5 rad / sec 0 11011
LC

d 11011 3.16056 10 5 10.42110 3 rad / s

2

31. R 10k, L 72H , C 18 pF

(a)

, 0 , d

1
1

2.78 106 s 1
3
2 RC 210 10 18 1012
1
1
0

2.78 107 rad / sec

6
12
LC
72 10 18 10

0 underdamped

d 0 2 2 27.66 106 rad / s

(b)

vC (t ) v(t ) et ( B1 cos d t B2 sin d t )

vC (t ) v(t ) e 2.7810 t ( B1 cos 27.66 10 6 t B2 sin 27.66 10 6 t )

6

(c) wC 1nJ

1
2
Cv C (0) v C (0) 10.54V
2
v0 10.54 B1
wC

v C (t ) e 2.7810 t (10.54 cos 27.66 10 6 t B 2 sin 27.66 10 6 t

6

dv C
6
6
t 0 29.3 10 27.66 10 B 2
dt
dv C
iC
0
t 0
dt
C
29.3 10 6 27.66 10 6 B 2 0 B 2 1.06
v C (t ) e 2.7810 t (10.54 cos 27.66 10 6 t 1.06 sin 27.66 10 6 t
6

v C (300ns) 1.551V

32. R 1.5k, L 10mH , C 1mF

(a)

1
1

0.33s 1
3
3
2 RC 2 1.5 10 110

1
10 10 3 110 3

316.23rad / sec

d 0 2 2 316.23rad / s
(b)

i(t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B2 sin d t )

i(t ) e 0.33t ( B1 cos 316.23t B2 sin 316.23t )

(c) i L (0 ) 0, vC (0 ) 9V

i L (0 ) 0 B1

i t e 0.33t B 2 sin 316.23t

dit
316.23B 2 e 0.33t cos 316.23t 0.33B 2 e 0.33t sin 316.23t
dt
di
v L (t ) L , v L (0 ) v C (0 ) 9V
dt
v L (0) 10 10 3 316.23B 2 9 B 2 2.85

i L t 2.85e

0.33t

sin 316.23t

di L t
2.85 [316.23e 0.33t cos 316.23t 0.33e 0.33t sin 316.23t ] 0
dt
t m 4.96 10 3 s
i max 2.845 A

33. i(t ) 2.85

0.33t

sin 316.23t for R = 1.5k

For R = 15k

1
1

0.033s 1
3
3
2 RC 2 15 10 1 10
1
0
316.23rad / sec
LC
0 underdamped

d 0 2 2 316.23rad / s
i (t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B 2 sin d t )
i (t ) e 0.033t ( B1 cos 316.23t B 2 sin 316.23t )

i L (0 ) 0, v 0 9V
i (0) B1 0
i (t ) e 0.033t ( B 2 sin 316.23t )
di
t 0 B 2 316.23
dt
v L (0)
di
, v L (0 ) v C (0 ) 9,
t 0
dt
L
B 2 2.85
i L (t ) e 0.033t (2.85 sin 316.23t )

For R = 150k

1
1

0.0033s 1
3
3
2 RC 2 150 10 1 10
1
0
316.23rad / sec
LC
0 underdamped

d 0 2 2 316.23rad / s
i (t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B 2 sin d t )
i (t ) e 0.0033t ( B1 cos 316.23t B 2 sin 316.23t )

i L (0 ) 0, v 0 9V
i (0) B1 0
i (t ) e 0.0033t ( B 2 sin 316.23t )
di
t 0 B 2 316.23
dt
v L ( 0)
di
, v L (0 ) v C (0 ) 9,
t 0
dt
L
B 2 2.85
i L (t ) e 0.0033t (2.85 sin 316.23t )

34. vt , t 0
(a) R = 2k, L = 10mH, C = 1mF

1
1

0.25s 1
3
2 RC 2 2 10 110 3

LC

10 10 110
3

316.23rad / sec

0 underdamped

d 0 2 2 316.23rad / s
v(t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B2 sin d t )
v(t ) e 0.25t ( B1 cos 316.23t B2 sin 316.23t )

iL (0 ) 0, v 0 9V
v(0) B1 9
v(t ) e 0.25t (9 cos 316.23t B2 sin 316.23t )
dv
dt
dv
dt
dv
dt

t 0

9 0.25 B2 316.23

t 0

t 0

0 B2 0.0071

iC (0)
, iL (0 ) 0,
C

v(t ) e 0.25t (9 cos 316.23t 0.0071sin 316.23t )

(b) R = 2

1
1

250 s 1
2 RC 22 1 10 3
1
1
0

316.23rad / sec
LC
10 10 3 110 3

0 underdamped

d 0 2 2 193.65rad / s
v(t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B 2 sin d t )
v(t ) e 250t ( B1 cos 193.65t B 2 sin 193.65t )

i L (0 ) 0, v 0 9V
v(0) B1 9
v(t ) e .250t (9 cos 193.65t B 2 sin 193.65t )
dv
t 0 9 250 B 2 193.65
dt
iC (0)
dv
, i L (0 ) 0,
t 0
dt
C
dv
t 0 0 B 2 11.62
dt
v(t ) e 250t (9 cos 193.65t 11.62 sin 193.65t )

(c)

35. at t=0 both the 3 A source and the 2 are removed leaving the 2.5F, 20 mH, and 50

resistor in parallel.
(a) iC (0 ) 0
(b) i L (0 )

v C (0 )
2..88 A
2

(c) i R (0 )

5.76
0.115 A
50

(d) vC (0 ) 2 // 503 A 1.92 3 5.76V

(e) iC (0 ) i L (0 ) i R (0 ) 2.88 0.115 2.995 A
(f) i L (0 ) i L (0 ) 2.88 A
vC (0 ) 5.76
(g) i R (0 )

0.115 A
R
50

(h) vC (0 ) vC (0 ) 5.76V

36. v L (t ) for t > 0

1
1

4000s 1
6
2 RC 250 2.5 10
1
1
0

20 10 6 rad / sec
3
6
LC
20 10 2.5 10

0 underdamped

d 0 2 2 2000rad / s
v L (t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B 2 sin d t )
v L (t ) e 4000t ( B1 cos 2000t B 2 sin 2000t )

i L (0 ) 2.88 A, v L 0 v C 0 5.76V
v L (0) B1 5.76V
v L (t ) e 4000t (5.76 cos 2000t B 2 sin 2000t )
dv L
3
t 0 23.04 10 2000 B 2
dt
i C (0 )
dv
2.995

t 0
dt
C
2.5 10 6
B 2 615.02
v L (t ) e 4000t (5.76 cos 2000t 615.02 sin 2000t )

37.
At t 0 we will have the following circuit:

vC (0 ) 2
iL (0 )

5
1V
10

5
2.5 A
2

At t 0 we will have the following circuit:

1
1

125s 1
3
2 RC 2 2 2 10

LC

20 103 2 103

158rad / sec

0 underdamped

d 0 2 2 96.64rad / s
v(t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B2 sin d t )
v(t ) e 125t ( B1 cos 96.64t B2 sin 96.64t )

iL (0 ) 2.5 A, v 0 1V
v(0) B1 1

v(t ) e 125t ( cos 96.64t B2 sin 96.64t )

dv
t 0 125 B2 96.64
dt
iC (0)
dv
, iL (0 ) 2.5 A, iR (0 ) 0.5 A iC (0 ) 2.5 0.5 2 A
t 0
dt
C
dv
t 0 B2 1.2935
dt
v(t ) e 125t ( cos 96.64t 1.2935sin 96.64t )
v(t ) 0 t 0.0257 sec

(b)

dvC
0
dt
vC max 0.0171V tmax 0.033sec
0.1 vC max 0.00171
ts 0.051s

39. For t < 0 s, we see from the circuit below that the capacitor and the resistor are
-

shorted by the presence of the inductor. Hence, i (0 ) = 2.5A and v (0 ) = 0 V.

L

When the 2.5-A source turns off at t = 0 s, we are left with a parallel RLC circuit.

(a)

1
1

4s 1
3
3
2 RC 2 500 10 250 10

LC

160 10 250 10
3

5rad / sec

0 underdamped

d 0 2 2 3rad / s
(b)

iL (t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B2 sin d t )
iL (t ) e 4t ( B1 cos 3t B2 sin 3t )
iL (0 ) iL (0 ) 2.5
iL (0) B1 2.5
iL (t ) e 4t (2.5cos 3t B2 sin 3t )

diL
e 4t ( 10 cos 3t 7.5sin 3t 4 B2 sin 3t 3B2 cos 3t )
dt

diL
10 3 B2
dt t 0
diL
vL (0)
, vL (0 ) vC (0 ) 0,
t 0
dt
L
B2 3.33
iL (t ) e 4t (2.5cos 3t 3.33sin 3t )
(c)

wL

2
1 2 1
LiL (160 103 ) e4t (2.5cos3t 3.33sin 3t )
2
2

40. R 500M
1
1
(a)

4 10 9 s 1
6
3
2 RC 2 500 10 250 10
1
1
0

5rad / sec
LC
160 10 3 250 10 3

0 underdamped

d 0 2 2 5rad / s
(b)

i L (t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B 2 sin d t )
i L (t ) e 5t ( B1 cos 5t B 2 sin 5t )
i L (0 ) i L (0 ) 2.5
i L (0) B1 2.5
i L (t ) e 5t (2.5 cos 5t B 2 sin 5t )
di L
dt
di L
dt

t 0

di L
e 5t (12.5 cos 5t 12.5 sin 5t 5 B 2 sin 5t 5 B 2 cos 5t )
dt

12.5 5 B 2

v L (0)
, v L (0 ) v C (0 ) 0,
L
12.5
B2
2.5
5
i L (t ) e 5t (2.5 cos 5t 2.5 sin 5t )
t 0

(c)

i L (t ) e 5t (2.5 cos 5t 2.5 sin 5t )

1
1
2
Li L 160 10 3 e 5t (2.5 cos 5t 2.5 sin 5t )
2
2
w L max 0.5 t max 0
wL

10% w L max 0.05

t

10% wL max

0.267 sec

41. C 160mF, L 250mH

(a) Critically damped response

R
2L

LC

1
3

(250 10 ) 160 10 3

5rad / sec

R
0
2L
R 2 L 0 5 2 250 10 3 2.5

(b) just barely underdamped

0 R 2.5
(c) parallel RLC

5rad / sec

LC

1
2 RC

0
R

Critically damped

1
2C 0

R 0.625

1
5rad / sec
LC
1

2 RC
0
Underdamped

1
2C0

R 0.625

42. R 2, C 1mF, L 2mH

vC (0 ) 1V , i L (0 ) 0
R
500 s 1
2L
1
1
0

707.11rad / sec
LC
(2 103 ) 1103

0 underdamped
i (t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B2 sin d t )

d 0 2 2 500rad / s
i (t ) e 500t ( B1 cos 500t B2 sin 500t )
i (0) 0 B1 0
i (t ) e 500t ( B2 sin 500t )
vL (0) vC (0) Ri (0)
di
1

t 0 500 B2
dt
L
L
2 103
B2 1
i (t ) e 500t sin 500t
3

i (1ms ) e 50010 sin 500 103 0.291A

3

i (2ms ) e 500210 sin 500 2 103 0.3096 A

3

i (3ms ) e 500310 sin 500 3 103 0.223 A

43. R 2, C 1mF, L 2mH

Rnew 2 / /2 1
R
250 s 1
2L
1
1
0

707 rad / sec

LC
(2 103 ) 1103

0 underdamped
vC (t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B2 sin d t )

d 0 2 2 661rad / s
vC (t ) e 250t ( B1 cos 661t B2 sin 661t )
v(0) 1 B1 1
vC (t ) e 250t (cos 661t B2 sin 661t )
dvC
iC (0)
0
t 0 250 661B2
dt
C
B2 0.378
vC (t ) e 250t (cos 661t 0.378sin 661t )V , t 0
vC (4ms ) -0.2569V

44. R 2, C 1mF, L 2mH

vC (0 ) 2V , i L (0 ) 1mA

R
500 s 1
2L
1
1
0

707.11rad / sec

3
LC
(2 10 ) 1103

0 underdamped
i (t ) e t ( B1 cos d t B2 sin d t )

d 0 2 2 500rad / s
i (t ) e 500t ( B1 cos 500t B2 sin 500t )
i (0 ) 1mA B1 1103
i (t ) e 500t (1103 cos 500t B2 sin 500t )

3
vL (0) vC (0) Ri (0) 2 2 110
di

999
t 0 0.5 500 B2
dt
L
L
2 103
B2 1.999

i (t ) e 500t (1103 cos 500t 1.999sin 500t ) A, t 0

45. R 1k, C 2mF, L 1mH

vC (0 ) 4V , i L (0 ) 0
(a)

R
5 10 5 s 1
2L
1
1
0

707.11rad / sec
3
LC
(2 10 ) 110 3

0 overdamped
i (t ) A1 e s1t A2 e s2t , t 0
s1 2 0 0.5
2

s1 2 0 999999.5
2

i (t ) A1 e 0.5t A2 e 999999.5t
i L (0) 2.99 10 4 A i L (0 )
i (0) A1 A2 0
di
0.5 A1 e 0.5t 999999.5 A2 e 999999.5t
dt
v L (0) v C (0) Ri (0) 4 0 110 3
di

0
.
5
A

999999
.
5
A

4 10 3 A / s
t 0
1
2
dt
L
L
110 3
A1 0.004, A2 0.0004

i (t ) 0.004e 0.5t 0.004e 999999.5t A, t 0

46. R 140, C 0.5F , L 12H

(a)

R
140

140s 1
2 L 2 0.5

(b) 0

(12)0.5

LC

0.41rad / sec

(c) i(0 ) i(0 ) 0.5 A

(d)

0 overdamped
i (t ) A1 e s1t A2 e s2t , t 0
s1 2 0 6 10 4
2

s1 2 0 279.99
2

i (t ) A1 e 610

A2 e 279.99t

i (0) A1 A2 0.5
4
di
6 10 4 A1 e 610 t 279.99 A2 e 279.99t
dt
v L (0) v C (0) Ri (0) 70 1400.5
di
4
A

279
.
99
A

0
6 10
1
2
dt t 0
L
L
12

(e)

A1 0.499, A2 1.07 10 6
4

i(t ) 0.499e 610

i(6s) 0.497 A

1.07 10 6 e 279.99t A, t 0

50. R 1, C 20mF, L 10H

(a)

R
1

5 104 s 1
2 L 2 10 106
1
1

2236.1rad / sec
LC
(10 106 ) 20 103

(b) i s 3u(t ) 2u(t )mA

At t 0 i s 3mA

vR (0 ) (1)(3 103 ) 3 103 3mV

iL (0 ) 3mA
vC (0 ) vR (0 ) 3mV
At t 0 i s 2mA

vR (0 ) (1)(3 103 ) 3 10 3 3mV

iL (0 ) iL (0 ) 3mA
vC (0 ) vC (0 ) 3mV
iL () 2mA

vC () 2mA 1 2mV

51.
At t 0 only the right-hand current source is active.

iC (0 ) 0 A, i R (0 ) 10mA, i L (0 ) 10mA

v L (0 ) 0, v C (0 ) 10mA 20 10 3 200V , v R (0 ) 10mA 20 10 3 200V

During the interval from t = 0 to t = 0 , the left-hand current source becomes active.

i L (0 ) i L (0 ) 10mA, i R (0 ) 10mA 15mA 25mA, iC (0 ) 10 10 3 i R (0 ) 15mA,

vC (0 ) 200V , v R (0 ) 25mA 20 10 3 500V , v L (0 ) v R (0 ) vC (0 ) 500 200 300V

di L
di
v 0
300
L t 0 L

500 A / s
dt
dt
L
0.6
dv C
iC 0
15 10 3

3 10 6 V / s

9
dt t 0
C
5 10

vL L

At the left hand node:

15 10 3 i L i R 0, t 0
0

di L di R
di

0 R
dt
dt
dt

t 0

di L
dt

t 0

500 A / s

At the right hand node:

10 10 3 iC i R 0, t 0
diC di R
di
di

0 C t 0 R t 0 500 A / s
dt
dt
dt
dt
dv
di
v R Ri R R t 0 R R t 0 20 10 3 500 10 10 6 V / s
dt
dt
v L v R vC 0 v L v R vC
0

dv L
dt

t 0

dv R
dt

t 0

dv C
dt

t 0

10 10 6 3 10 6 7 10 6 V / s

52. vs (t ) 8 2u(t )V
(a) vC (0 )
At t 0
8
0.533 A
15
vR (0 ) (15)(0.53) 7.995V

iR (0 )

vR (0 ) vC (0 ) 8V
vC (0 ) 8V

(b)

iL (0 ) iR

8
0.533 A
15

iL (0 ) 0.533 A

53. vs 1 2u(t )V
At t 0 vs 1
(a)
v
1
iL (0 ) iR (0 ) s
2A
R 500 103

iL (0 ) iL (0 ) 2 A
(b)
vC (0 ) vR (0 ) RiR 1V

vC (0 ) vC (0 ) 1V
(c)
vs 1 2 1V

1
500 103
iL () 2 A

iL ()

(d)

1
1

200 s 1
3
3
2 RC 2 500 10 5 10
2
40000

1
1

182.57rad / s
3
LC
5 10 6 103
0 2 33333.33

s1 2 0 2 200 40000 33333.33 118.34 s 1

s2 2 02 281.65

0 overdamped
vC (0 ) vC (0 ) 1V
iL (0 ) iL (0 ) 2 A
vC (t ) 1 A1e s1t A2 e s2t
vC (t ) 1 A1e 0.66t A2e 39.34t
vC (0) 1 1 A1 A2 A1 A2 2
dvC
dt

t 0

118.34 A1 281.65 A2 0

60. v(0) 0, i(0) 1mA

0 this is a series RLC with R=0, or a parallel RLC with R=
1
1
02

5 1019
12
9
LC 10 10 2 10

d 02 2 7.071109 rad / sec

The response form is as follow:
v(t ) A cos d t B sin d t
v(0 ) v(0 ) 0
v(t ) B sin d t
dv
d B cos d t
dt
dv
iC C
iC (0 ) CBd iL (0 ) iL (0 ) 110 3
dt
1103
B
7.0711105
9
9
2 10 7.07110
v(t ) 7.0711105 sin 7.071109 t
In designing the op amp stage, we first write the differential equation:
t

1
dv
vdt ' 103 2 109
0, (iC iL 0)
12
10 10 0
dt
Take the derivative of both sides:
2
1
9 d v
v

10
0
10 1012
dt 2
d 2v
1
1

v
v
2
9
12
dt
2 10 10 10
20 1021
dv
7.0711105 7.071109 4.99 105
t 0
dt

One possible solution is:

61. v(0) 0, i(0) 1mA

0 this is a series RLC with R=0, or a parallel RLC with R=
1
1
02

5 1019
12
9
LC 10 10 2 10

d 02 2 7.071109 rad / sec

The response form is as follow:

i (t ) A cos d t B sin d t

i (0 ) i (0 ) 1mA A 110 3
i (t ) A cos d t B sin d t
di
Ad sin d t d B cos d t
dt
di
di
vL L 10 1012
dt
dt

vL (0 ) vC (0 ) vC (0 ) 0 LBd
B0
i (t ) 103 cos 7.071109 t
In designing the op amp stage, we first write the differential equation:
t

1
dv
vdt ' 103 2 109
0, (iC iL 0)
12
10 10 0
dt
Take the derivative of both sides:
2
1
9 d v
v

10
0
10 1012
dt 2
d 2v
1
1

v
v
2
9
12
dt
2 10 10 10
20 1021
di
0
dt t 0

One possible solution is:

62. v(0) 0, i(0) 1mA, L 20H / /10PH , C 5 F

0 this is a series RLC with R=0, or a parallel RLC with R=
Leq 10 1012 / /20 110 11 H

02

1
1

2 1016
11
9
LC 110 2 10

d 02 2 1.41108 rad / sec

The response form is as follow:

i (t ) A cos d t B sin d t

i (0 ) i (0 ) 1mA A 110 3
i (t ) A cos d t B sin d t
di
Ad sin d t d B cos d t
dt
di
di
vL L 1 1011
dt
dt

vL (0 ) vC (0 ) vC (0 ) 0 LBd
B0
i (t ) 103 cos1.41108 t
In designing the op amp stage, we first write the differential equation:
t

1
1
dv
vdt ' 103 vdt ' 2 109
0, (iC iL1 iL2 0)
12
10 10 0
20 0
dt
Take the derivative of both sides:
2
1
1
9 d v
v

10
0
10 1012
20
dt 2
d 2v
25 106 v
2
dt
di
0
dt t 0

One possible solution is:

63. RC circuit
R 1k , C 3.3mF

vC (0 ) vC (0 ) 1.2V
v
dv
3.3 103
0
1000
dt
(b) One possible solution is
(a)

64. RL circuit
R 20, L 5H

iL (0 ) iL (0 ) 2 A
(a)
vR vL
20(iL ) 5

diL
dt

diL
4iL
dt
(b)
iL (t ) Ae t / , L / R 0.25

iL (0 ) 2 A
iL (t ) 2e 4t
diL
dt

t 0