Introduction to

Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics

Chapter 1
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Focus of attention = Body of matter

= System
System is defined by few measurable macroscopic
properties, which depends on length, time, mass,
temperature

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Units: second, meter, kg, Kelvin, mole

International System of Units = SI

KFUPM Housam Binous CHE 303

KFUPM Housam Binous CHE 303

Measure of amount or size

Mass (m)

Specific volume (V= Vt/m)

Number of moles (n=m/M)

Molar volume (Vt/n)

Total volume (Vt)

Molar density (n/Vt)

Molecular weight (M)

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Newtons second law: F=m a

1 Newton = Force when applied to 1 kg
produces acceleration of 1 m/s2

1 lbf=1/gc*1 lbm*32.1740

2
ft/s

Weight means depending on the context a force or a mass

KFUPM Housam Binous CHE 303

KFUPM Housam Binous CHE 303

Absolute zero equals -273.15C

Rankine scale is an absolute scale related to Kelvin

Fahrenheit scale:
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Pressure
Normal force exerted by a fluid on a surface

Pascal= N/m2 or psi=lbf/inch2

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KFUPM Housam Binous CHE 303

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P=0 atm
Pressure exerted by
atmosphere at sea level

760 mmHg at 0C

P=1 atm=101.325 kPa

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Absolute pressure must be used in thermodynamics

gauge pressure=absolute pressure -1 atm

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Work
A force acting through a distance

Work is positive if displacement and force have same direction

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Work which accompanies a change of fluid volume

Joule=N*m

compression
work is positive
dVt negative

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Kinetic Energy
Work done when a body of mass m is acted upon by a force
F and is displaced a distance dl :

Work done on a body

equals change of
kinetic energy
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Potential Energy
Work done on a
body to raise it

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For a freely falling body:

Energy reside in the system

while work exits when a transfer of energy
from the system to the surrounding or vice
versa takes place (work is energy in transit)
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Heat: it is transferred from hot to cold objects

T is the driving force for the transfer of energy as heat
Heat is regarded as energy in transit
and is stored as Ek and Ep
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1 calorie = 4.1840 Joules

= heat transferred to
1 gram of water to raise its
temperature by 1 degree Celcius

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