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A symptom is a signal that is felt or noticed by the person who has it, but may not be easily seen by
anyone else. For example, weakness, aching, and feeling short of breath may be symptoms of
pneumonia. We should know some of the general signs and symptoms of cancer. But remember,
having any of these does not mean that we have cancermany other things cause these signs and
symptoms, too. If we have any of these symptoms and we last for a long time or get worse, we need
to find or go to the hospital for early treatment. We have two symptoms like general symptoms and
certain symptoms of cancer disease. We have 5 for the general symptoms of cancer disease :I.
II. Fever
Fever is an abnormal condition of the body, characterized by undue rise in temperature,
quickening of the pulse, and disturbance of various body functions. Fever is very common
with cancer, but it more often happens after cancer has spread from where it started. Almost
all patients with cancer will have fever at some time, especially if the cancer or its treatment
affects the immune system. (This can make it harder for the body to fight infection.) Less
often, fever may be an early sign of cancer, such as blood cancers like leukemia or
lymphoma.
III. Fatigue
Fatigue is extreme tiredness that does not get better with rest. It may be an important
symptom as cancer grows. It may happen early, though, in some cancers, like leukemia.
Some colon or stomach cancers can cause blood loss thats not obvious. This is another way
cancer can cause fatigue.
IV. Pain
Pain may be an early symptom with some cancers like bone cancers or testicular cancer. A
headache that does not go away or get better with treatment may be a symptom of a brain
tumor. Back pain can be a symptom of cancer of the colon, rectum, or ovary. Most often,
pain due to cancer means it has already spread (metastasized) from where it started.
V. Skin changes
Along with cancers of the skin, some other cancers can cause skin changes that can be seen.
These signs and symptoms include; Darker looking skin (hyperpigmentation), Yellowish
skin and eyes (jaundice), Reddened skin (erythema), Itching (pruritis), and Excessive hair
growth.
This is 5 general symptoms for the cancer disease. We need to take care with the general symptoms
because we can think this symptoms is a simple symptoms but we need to know this symptoms can
become the big symptoms for the disease like cancer. In addition, we also have symptoms of certain
cancers that is :
i.
iii. White patches inside the mouth or white spots on the tongue
White patches inside the mouth and white spots on the tongue may be leukoplakia.
Leukoplakia is a pre-cancerous area thats caused by frequent irritation. Its often caused by
smoking or other tobacco use. People who smoke pipes or use oral or spit tobacco are at
high risk for leukoplakia. If its not treated, leukoplakia can become mouth cancer. Any
long-lasting mouth changes should be checked by a doctor or dentist right away.
prevention. If you need help quitting tobacco, ask your doctor about stop-smoking products
and other strategies for quitting.
large
amounts of processed meat can slightly increase the risk of certain types of cancer.
In addition, women who eat a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil and
mixed nuts might have a reduced risk of breast cancer. The Mediterranean diet focuses on mostly
on plant-based foods, such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes and nuts. People who
follow the Mediterranean diet choose healthy fats, like olive oil, over butter and fish instead of
red meat.
iv. Exercise Regularly
Few things are as good for you as regular physical activity. While it can be hard to find the
time, its important to fit in at least 30 minutes of activity every day. More is even better, but
any amount is better than none. Sitement Cancer Center give 3 tips for the exerceis regularly
such as; Choose activities you enjoy. Many things count as exercise, including walking,
gardening and dancing, Make exercise a habit by setting aside the same time for it each day.
Try going to the gym at lunchtime or taking a walk regularly after dinner and Stay
motivated by exercising with someone.
v.
Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B can increase the risk of developing liver cancer. The hepatitis
B vaccine is recommended for certain high-risk adults such as adults who are
sexually active but not in a mutually monogamous relationship, people with sexually
transmitted infections, intravenous drug users, men who have sex with men, and health
care or public safety workers who might be exposed to infected blood or body fluids.
b.
Human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that can lead to
cervical and other genital cancers as well as squamous cell cancers of the head and
neck. The HPV vaccine is recommended for girls and boys ages 11 and 12. It is also
available to both men and women age 26 or younger who didn't have the vaccine as
adolescents.
Avoid midday sun. Stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun's
rays are strongest.
b.
Stay in the shade. When you're outdoors, stay in the shade as much as possible.
Sunglasses and a broad-brimmed hat help, too.
c.
Cover exposed areas. Wear tightly woven, loosefitting clothing that covers as much
of your skin as possible. Opt for bright or dark colors, which reflect more ultraviolet
radiation than pastels or bleached cotton
d.
Don't skimp on sunscreen. Use generous amounts of sunscreen when you're outdoors,
and reapply often.
e.
Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps. These are just as damaging as natural sunlight.
Practice safe sex. Limit your number of sexual partners, and use a condom when you have sex.
The more sexual partners you have in your lifetime, the more likely you are to contract a
sexually transmitted infection such as HIV or HPV. People who have HIV or AIDS have a
higher risk of cancer of the anus, liver and lung. HPV is most often associated with cervical
cancer, but it might also increase the risk of cancer of the anus, penis, throat, vulva and vagina.
b.
Don't share needles. Sharing needles with an infected drug user can lead to HIV, as well as
hepatitis B and hepatitis C which can increase the risk of liver cancer. If you're concerned
about drug abuse or addiction, seek professional help.
Rujukan :
www.cancer.org :http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/signs-and-symptoms-of-cancer
Mayo clinic : http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/cancer-prevention/
art-20044816?pg=1
Siteman Cancer Center : https://siteman.wustl.edu/prevention/take-proactive-control/
8-ways-to-stay-healthy-and-prevent-cancer/
Margaret Snooks (2009), Health Psychology: Biological, Psychological, and Sociocultural
Perspectives