cesar i Nepreenatone GTM 222 g Brian C. Hall El Lie Groups, Lie Algebras, and Representations An Elementary Introduction smoanamnas ‘10 8 & Speioge: pue ‘seiqabyy ary ‘sdnoig aryGraduate Texts in Mathematics Bape et es SN 12 tc eA pte ete en & gieyaftabeacms tan Bian Sap iy, Brian C, Hall Lie Groups, Lie Algebras, and Representations ‘An Elementary Introduction ‘wit 3 usttons ® aaaSioataty Sifmmsesae™ "Eee Uae Se seth casenaSoeAaoctai” ri casein out {eisram names Pema er GRE Tete Stet EPEAT er eeertpeneente Eat aiden aera naraearee Sore agp huis ae noe Preface ‘This bak prvi an tod oe rouge, Lie alga, ese ‘ati shay, aimed at ate sets atheros td Pe [Aku thee ae sey sve elton th vee man of i ‘Se tp he Dok aw dict are ope wl a en} wyatt el Tha, {Sidra en coun eas ve {rte arodney of rain woe Lila by {tig the eprowtaton ty 0 SU) and SU) a deta bere sing ‘nj Th i rt wea eh Ta anarchy bp tty wh he ee ae ssmonth man tat alo a grop Teli lr th died he ‘Ses ofthe Sow sla ch ete Ee Ths appreachonely he ak coe the ng ra bt ae tat for oe ensuring ‘ing rhe a tne Pures, ih his prone mat her ‘See deri ih thy of iret ans wn ‘Mitsuba pro eso) roo mt pen carte ‘Se ate ening of the tok epg he or in Wich cy takes ng tine to get to ry ope Tay way oto len mom nyt oop (lose sips of Li) (es ae het uh a pen ‘te er Bey ta apna ope tng ot at Samat then dete he al powe st e the Lialea9 o ‘lo up @ GLC) sno tobe thet aes Xe ‘hat ape) ba orale ure Oo show ta 9 eden LL Tsn (asec er a el de omar) The al ‘lemctry rea b pod om ho ew Uo agencn ying nao» iid fay no ote Keno es «Li age homamipion (Thm eso tin evry ate op ea musth nb sibs of GL) ad ete i gran Traore depres hn nh snpy-cnmcad ce, ry Lie spin temo ins 2 ports td a he ‘Es trae repeolsee betes muons fp a ntl i ‘ebgrope Hf 6 Tad ppc toto tees mes oe ft Fron thorem, Aiko hea Snes oat a ‘enya ton prov) so et eps thet, ‘Sion ot need, the Bar Campa Hans tes Tis ‘oe more slencrry thn the ben hasan spy es ‘te tion toy the abve esti elise ta wc {ily snr ce ot er pee aCe Inet ca itt oom) hn ‘Apeni © ges wo camper of Lie po tht ac nt ais Li ‘poi Both examin he onan fe tric Le poe: Ove Oe thier! ne af SU(m) ants the que oe ary [Boap by eter bro. Ths xpi he stone ‘eng with ners gos nanaly hot pares oer nh inc cies So at co mts te stata fo genera ie op ory. Newtek al a the a ‘Span tae fora et eum te watt ly bra mt of Saeco: ise up. nao a he prc art en the eral nee {hatin the ea oa sto pend eC tn wp Ch Tints esr oe an bei Taleig the thoy a mingle groupe an Liga rep scat tnry ar sono heater Satin cea he feprentaion ary f SU) Gray a) ‘5 equal, 8; ees tring i url pease ‘Thes$:€) ewe (aw than jt th 32:6) ene fnw meee ‘ay i iene ote Carta aba he tt eg ‘We ap Inthe gral semi a pth ptt iy 1 the freintecng at So uy otk strat sc cel states sh ih woth foe ea a on ‘yee, cling to-wit tee Dy dog Sid let witht pot) of th cation Fyre en Ihde smearing wee sare out ten ati hin rea mets an we igre a lao te ae adrntagn in eating he mesg thar of the coer eesti eet bene thn tponeatae 2 piconet (Goons the prea os Lic igen So akough Io hs Fon pole vow of ema spe ican ae vast at "arterioles ses loop othe plex Stren igre a a ‘et sme Lalas eal’ to he oul lie efit) Five te eomont np tot dl npr eae Fn an ferme ipl he sgt uci te pretties {gers sop cnr of Cra sos th pleat ‘Sty ni Sl sap of the Leer KT gent ‘ee trnpare omractn f the Wey group se = T/T wwe P remain! oa in Tis etn mae tet, for eagle Why fn weigher of ty tprennatioe ae vara er he atin of WT ‘ny treatm fa mtr ofthe Lie ager aprach o Hpi (173) the conga oapapeach of Beker a oe Dik (185) Sn ton "Tietok kttnde stp thr ha place be standard ets a Leth ommend pc four ents ferrin the Bok ew (2) fr mild Cary andthe elton tet Lit ons ‘Sh alban te bok phys (192) fre Ls gee prone {Sepa hay, the oa ef Br od oe Dis 155) the cmpace soup apron oreo try, teak Pont itr (or tere nn of osname pe Iie he Bitorpl pe far ty Lop ee maematen rors to «min, 1 aye mde he bok smi to state in ec wel ratte ‘Aig nh othe eit ok sy wed ps es ‘ot ae ftn expt tock up te material by an 1 ape at {ity con tet fn teint ate semetny be pete od Ihe preci a Apes A poise uk eee to toe tive fap ot mesa le oe) ick st sada at ‘the pcr uum ae of th mathemati a “Ti min peeing in eae, epee od the oti of gpl. A gic of ‘Elsen mata pied in Appedc enn os, ‘iy sometry sale ea drat aon ol {tear ol tbe we etn there “Para to my Kaw, ve eer ett Le ier te smi grouy oa eerste (rer pate thnk int Te Grogs by Hise Peels He Vm, the bo Mar Groups ty Manon Cai tb al ay Base Li Thay yes Hae heres bonke Mn Gronp A InradctntLt pThy,ly Andrew Bakr, nd Le Grom: An Ftroction Teg Ler roa 1 Wa Hownn (Ala thaw ait nth gap) he be ‘etal a eV nent of round ba tod 9 a ean a tater ares The ors Carty, ed Ble ‘lp comer i ages cei, wth ee to ers hs ‘ak bat dot stant to cover ach groan Toe tape | {he teas erstato thy oth Babe Campa ase al ‘Te bak of Remmna ha may snr wih thi yl the ‘heute Bar Camel aur ml: Home, wa ‘tar the cele tat he conse arary steers ‘GLC, ih oro on tpg. “AN th retin of hia i ble teal ieee ‘un tht of tee book the subj, abr cm cea a {the Bibggap. epety Mapes (17), Bre ad tn Dick (Goan er (i ‘nde ut tang Ed Balan, Wy Cx, Goer, \Garee Kah Har: Wears evo ey Mil, ne Seip, andrea mate a wills an have ped tt err the ie pti wih ve en crete i thin te on frit) ncing Men Aran, Kan Chl Pl Gin, Ree Her Denis atone Jena Que, tesa Web an ed Wise Tao Uh Pa Mcrae aig wth te mtn of ed ste fants root tems ag Zo Sy He ig ial ‘cog a te mole nad Chaser Are ara he ie ‘ow Bly Vee Chack Sot Varna mang eae the ‘Zoe twa a fo sing aa Tecan omens by ema tase, Pou my wb te tinal or oe inst, cating a pate Totes dy mae ob pete th coub be ie te M000 = Contents Part Geral Theory 1 Dest oe Gras 12. Benge Mate Lr Gage RI Te pa oer pope i) ard Lins) 122.‘ opel near group SUB) an SLC) 125 The nord and seal otogeal groups (0) 500). 1.24 Toe unary ad pil iry groupe Ute) aad Un) USE Tee umplererthgsal gape, O06) and SOC) 126 Ta genre tool aod Loe reno 127 The gmplecte gone Sts R), SC) and Sts). 128 The Hues pou 12 ‘The poop C3 Ba 120 The Eun and Pera grup la) and PG). 151" aml of me ae 12, Be emp si 15 ‘Spi onan 1 Hammers oa awe 161 Bemph SU) and 30). 1 The PlarDesanpniton fr Sc 8) ol SU) 2 Lis Algebras and ehe Exponential Mapping n Bf Tessea Expo z 22 Gompig te Exp Mee »221 Cae 1: Xi diagonal w 222 Gana X knot m 25. Thesis Logit 2 22a Poprt th icEpe s 251 Phys Cooma » 253 Thespeca nea oop o 256 The ga etogsal ops a 258 The Henenbes eu a 28 The Bonldn and incl owe 2 26 Propet the Lie Ags o 27 The Baga! Mig rs 38 Lenin 5 29, Betcopnt is Ral iis % ‘The Baker Compbell-Hadoet Form 1" The Baker Campbell Form ie Heber ” Basie Representation Theory Gren ‘Te Gora Bl Capi tn forma Proto eBaer-Cpit Hau aia ‘The Seo Ff th Be Carpe Hunde Fema Cone rape = shen ibs upreantons, ‘Wh Sty Repeenane ramp of eesti {31 Te anal renin 402 The evi prematin i) Roe LR Some ponents a 0) $53, tan etn 308) 437 ‘The uty rst fhe Tastes op 44 Reeth jens 0) {6 oe Prue of Reems th Sitveomoe 8. Gp vrais gies oat. ‘io Somat sy 5 The Representations of SU) 52 Wee al ate 55 The Tir the Wa 25 Ae i ei Sh nee Semisinple Lie Algcbrae 61" Compre Resusity ad Seine Alga 183, Conan Suagetee 64 Rowe ual Rae Spe {55 ‘The We Grp 7 Rowe Stems 69 Thesiwe) Coe (601 The Cra abi 602, Thre Id The Wot oun $3. Pach oe il Eesti ‘Representations of Complex Semple Lie Alas ZI” tego Dero aera Elem 2a The The fhe Hiatt 75 Constrtig th Reprise Mai 1 13 “7 152 tcl queso 1a4 Thesia.C) ewe 20 (necting th Repro Wi! Thowe 200 TAT "Tie ewe Weyl mre TLE The Wes carter ras 144 eas tl sty aos 148, Toe U0) cs. Conaciting e Reprcnan i TEE Tecnico 153 There Ths Teste) owe arte Reals A Tho Wel charce ema aad te Wty disks 164 The nit pra te We carr ema More on Roots and Weights e & ‘hon et me Dai Bans td Wo Chane {ial wl Brot og coc Eiampla i Rea Too 855 The We meupens S68 Roa ‘stil ‘ret Syn tbe Gaal hie S81 Te rhea asin s(2n.0) $82 The uthogmal dts tan 6), yaa Dag li Caen a8 oN en {510 Tho ot Late th Wet Lattin 0 Beece A Quick Introduction to Groupe AAI Deaton ofa Group aod Base ropes Aa Rei iu 1X24 Neco nal smb weil 125 Nounre cope mrs nde iin ‘N20 Capa name of abate mse ie toteetion 28 Remus grep tyme ows) 1820 ine mod» 3 Sabor the Cor, Dir rade 14 temomerptens and Imepome 185. Quaint Gaye Linear Algebra Review DBI" Bsmecar, Eulsaod tbe Gharaerinc Pama 52 Daoualaton BS Geel pwned he SV Bamps BS Tete BE Daal Sane [BS Simuane Dignan a1 Dein 12 Tage ac S13 bien ath mappings CLA Neer Bae E13 The Sow lew al 18 Smut vata ps 2 Le Gene C31 Debio 22 Thea (623 The ene maging 624 Homecurian 5 BERESS = S2EPERER BR eeeee ESESsSSSeee BsBE Qua on acing ge. C27 Camper Le greope ‘CA Dire Forms od Haat Kensie Cinch Guan ry fr SU) a the Wher Hear Tr Proc of iG) Reprints D2 The Wigoer fant Thre 13 Nowe os Vestor Opertare Computing Randamenal Groupe of Matix Lie Groupe EY" Re Pitman Come 3. Rrdamotl Groupe of Campa hoe EL Flared Grogs of Compact at Grogs I ES Fodmetal Groupe of Np Li enue Part 1 General Theory‘Matrix Lie Groups 4A Definition of a Matrix Lie Group ‘Webi witha ey ptt ae opt snr er gap: The (Dower el ly as tok il el te ube (os srt) Se heerlen aad ‘Si ia Aes i teppei Te {hearer tema proved pene 7 atin 1.2. The general lina group ove the al mutes, deste (lini) he goop sf alin xm eee mace woh na er The Sol Gt gy Soto mater, dented Lc), ae (basen ere mate wth omg nee ‘hear a soup nee rnp nie the operation of mati malin The nt ot vet mts ear, he er "iy mercantile) ‘inven ipintion Wate Desition 1.2 La MC) dee the ace oflln mates wth compl Deliniion 13. Lat Ay Be «agence of amples matt i MC), We 19 By omwerges fo mse Af hy of hi eg ( ssn) tthe onan ny fA Ler ys onset a Jor tan Skt Definition 1.4. A mari Lie group seen sabre of Gin.©) wth te [ous prety fhe sony Sue of arson ere festa matt tha ether Ah Ae not ei ‘yan on Gancuntsto sai tat Cie cd eb of Unc). (re doce et arvlyt hat 'ae ()) Tn, DetLt ineqite to saying hat me Lie Boup 6 ls ubgroup of inc eon a a ned mtn pn et ‘bg of Gls) te his opr (la of he mate La pope ‘el cor av te song opty ha of Ae any sence of ‘Burin at center oe tre Ae ASC nth Mea nate) 1.1. Counterexamplee An example «aru of Gio) hich och (and ao ot 8 ‘Sere ad ata. et nou of Cn), bot hed ‘oma a hn in tre ae ‘aut ta ery ro vrei at fare weno ‘Sheth meas irl etn “Autor ep i grap of mae hick at mae Lie op eae hwy aiboup CLUS). Lat be an all el eS ° on{(8 2) et Chay, Gi abo of GL.) Bec aio he ae Fi tot go to alee eto 1 west ae tobe no eget Te in which ce ao one lt One Sieh (Exe) by tig = (nr ry thse ep ‘an me eer lv wo tl eget Hee, Sethe nd mga ef mle Gl apes to“, nwo O 8 (ovate Ue top, Se Exe ol Esc sr oe norton, 11.2 Examples of Matrix Lie Groups Maer the bjt of Le oust tring the el (ry nt ng oe wih xargs Tn esc, ve os Stoo thor npertt ees fats) Le pp 1.2: The general inne groupe G(s) and GLC) “Th emer soap (ore cr €) ae thes matt Le pons, (tease, Ger) mrp oft Futerme asaace State ‘lim'C) and ssp tA ty the dn [ule ete Ate Clin, or neice 12 mpl a ae ie Gree Mere, Gn) 4 suber of Gn) ad if A € GL) and nora Aten the ef Ane on Tha ee 2 iMhecio are lin 1.22 The spocalUnear grou SLR) and SL(nsC) “The special near grou (oe Roe €) i the soup of mn averile “inte pete) ng eterna om, Both of he Meat Clu Parhemor iy a eqns of mie ‘terme soe sd ty sumge thea A an deter ne ‘ice en cone son. So) ao SLC) sermtie Le ane 4:2: The orthogonal and special orthogonsl groups O(n) and 50(n) Ayn mati ato thgea fe hn es at Sakente tsstsn (te fhe imei co i ad endeared terranes pcr (epTU teins he ctr ee 1 ch te) Sh nae ee ieee ttm a2 Pat A ey Ae Set fn A) en Sey a TPT aan en = aafiay «ian nae “A i oy ld a ae so Ree ted “er fw etapa ma nga Pety e mattrahp ae neste Ma Pk i ann ll mine tegen een han eschgog a nets hk ascge td Se eee De te ratee ok Te mal Sole ia operant ae ier rn ott a ant th pec axes oun S00) ah aren Oe (AA) ALAM) =U(r), Moraes, Hoth ethos and the property a ving eter ‘hoon epee niet, ed SO(n) a mat cp Se ‘Somat fn) sbedy ave eterna 1, SO) tal” af). “Geant ements of O(n) ese rtm o Gants of soa iss. ere of 30) wot te ts 1.2.4 The unitary and spell unitary groups, Un) and SUC0) Ann compl matric A eid untary he aan verte A ‘Se econo tnt ase itary pr hae ro a (9) = (ai tr a ery (a cs es te ha od on fag) = 3S, Wem ape oan png ‘Bresso oth it) i ete eae on ican ark Te are ae Glace te ado 8, CeSE setae ‘ge de °° BEA we a ak HAs itary, the dt) deta = el 1 Hee, t= fr al ary at seca tear atet aS tee nora Soo eee raee erroe Special itary group SU) t's my toch ht SU) mre ie Bacar Ri seeccn cal ead ete 1.25 The compl orthogonal wroups O(04C) and SO(n) Cones he ine. (,) 08° died ye) = Dynes Thi een ‘tot an ine rode (Seton Bh) oem x Sea mt ‘ue than Gnjnesyti The a fll mm mpeg mace A ‘ck re vm ue that sy) = ey oral © ©) {ee complex orthogonal group Oli) tod wa to of CLC) epaing te arate of SO(n) and Of) (new pering ‘hapless nx nape en Ai Of) ad nl ATA = J, OC) ta mic i romp ht = 22 feral ens, Nee that O(n) motte sea th ity od Ufo The ap SOlws€) dd te bth taf al Aa mo) oa (34 Ta ea tet ron 1.206 The errand orthogonal and Loents groupe it ae bb pve tg, ad cir BO, De oye ‘ae Jen e0 By th ala Teal mein t+ cath taeda oo tna (1) Th eof (+ 2) 0 1) el mts A which peeve dh fam Sach that [ac ™ [ny al 9 RH) th eon ‘orthogonal group O(n) It a subgroup of GLin-+R) abd & matrix Lie ‘oun bere 8 TP pean A) (4 ra mai, tA dente cam ee ‘hee A nin Ol) aay he eon mos ae ais [AAI = 0 14H [awlame lt reten a2 famaoitt it naietenee Let dent the (9-4) (+ 2) agonal ten wth os hei dig eer a in os nh he kal nro Th (Gon) tanto i avga'= g (nerebe 2) Ta he tema of tigseintn pv A ety tare eta Ths an A Ofncteact a= 1 “Ott pli th Lents group O81) Se so wrest 1.2.7 The symplectic groupe So 8), $C) td $00) ‘he pcan peal ose creo tay soup ‘heat ep ck lw eed mea make pclae ‘oa groupe Or th aed ous tho santero te Se mst SSRIEDPhaton any tees thee we te mt hw Sp), Sere Sl} a pay cn th ie ewontve mates, he notte or ning tee oa i ot ont ‘muerte tthe ‘Caml he shyt iia fons BB nl los Blea = Sosapnce— rea as) "host oa nt mts Awl sre B (hat BAe = ‘jeg fr all sy c Re) thn ral symplectie grup Spe) ad ‘iba of GLIn east dooce te eo ase i ae a 9 hi ates uta oth of ae 2 (a) ea st ica ayn ti ipa a a a at eid oer ae tt see neta 4 Sieiy a dat| are Sigg ab ea de er» am 0 Wy te (3). ‘Calpe eh epic ay SE Seatecper mens dna Soi STN ae Psa tot) ee at ah Ti fessiet adic encieige; ry oh pc spc ls) de 5H) = S9(n:0)0 Un Se ko Buco Foe mae tin and» poo tat et A= 1 al ‘Ae Spin: Stn Ol of lr (109) Wham ea p(n) Milt ‘Si Sp) and wat we al Sp, ie ae US 1.28 The Helbeabers group "The et fo 33 ra mats A of “Ew ere td re tray rl mth ese group. i ‘he enc hat the pod ft mats hem (0) seal of Sen inte ty a or 9), err ‘tet compan thos ta wai (14), hen, oe) ‘Tha Hs 9 pou of CUS: R), Chay the tf mats af the fr (sug tae oad a aes Le ep. "The eon hermes groop” stat the ie lees of 1H goer alton ef the Berry commen elton ‘thn (Sr epoca Cher Eur 8) 1.29 The groupe BY, c*, 51, and BY Seal npatnt gop wich ae marl on mt a ond itt espe tape ofeach "he gout fans ol se ne pt epic to GLH) Tim, we vil and sons Lt ou, St te oan Cf ws cope ranbersuner malian hort ELGEG, ants pony of omnes nenoes mabe one “pre men et LR) (ba wh pote vars) ving 2 The ga oe Tai te moerpie oe gop apa el ates wi pe Smal coe he map teeve(7) 1.2.10 The actienn and Poincaré groupe E(n) and POs 3) ‘The Bueldean group En) by defition. thegaup fall cae t-om no, kanes nso el gy JRO eh hat ‘AGC y= eg) ray © BY Hare to ing) = ey Ste that we dont seme nyhny atthe rate {hss te ane popes In prt fmol ot be oa. Te ‘cipal ap O(r) a slop a Ele) a ein eeu of al ea tance peering map Ht ule Ho 2 eR diet nation bya dna Te ty)=e+. ‘Ta of rain i aoa gon En) Proposition 1. Every element 7 of En) canbe wien saul at an “nha iba flowed yw onan, thet he frewih ERY ond RE Oy Wel ot pow he The lay ep to pone ery ane to dataen psvng map oS tal whee ans be me orem Sc =e ep oh ek for y ER", fo oe GemhyoRete (es hoo Raby = Ray) + ‘Ting the pdt operation or Ee) he wing: Rad Ra) = (014 Rats AR os) The ve of an eet El is en by fe.RP* = (oR) a + (a, + Rin) Acard nal En) ena mrp of LR) iets ae sutras Homere (nba os abcnup af kn #13), ‘ia he up eres of) # En) he living ne Re us) This np cary enosocen anit sorption show hat aig ft dt ofthe fr 18) alse trator {hat sep haope, Th En) eam he on a ‘Mints of he frm (1.6) ith Re O(n) i of thang ee (a) again a tom, aso we Date exe the Boren ec Ei a emai pea Went dete Fla rou Plo) tb th on fa ean semaine fh fon with © RY and A Of 1). The the gop oie tenons EW" ole pee the Lorene "tance duly) ye tee etl a etn ie ool th obvi alg af he prac (3) fr thn Bacanfouy “The Per group Po omer the gp of f-+2) x 8) See th A © Of). The wtf maton he frm (1.7) sama be eo. 1.3 Compactness Destin 1.6. 4m Legros al be compact fhe floning orion et eat 1d am sof maton 6 tn my corp mai 1 Tir it ont Cw lf al 6, Jy 5 fr at “Tin nn ee opal dfn of compacts. Howe, the se MeC) allan copie ais cn thw ef 2 OTe pome ‘Sitio yet @ tout tase, bund ne of Oe ‘Stand hearers fom lms ants tht a noe 9 cept ‘Widnes! und toms ‘A fon example enix Le gous exept GLB) and GLC) ave property 1) Tha Ue onde codon 2 im ea ‘post 1.81 Examples of compect groups “The rape Ol) and SO(n) ate compact. Property (1) aad ba ‘crminon fa cnn oc open @) weed ts them thn thea rec of A ore, © ‘tz ks A salar ame show thas Utah SU) 20 S88) {smc Cie inet at cle 9° = UD) 1.22 amples of noncompact groupe Al othe ter ecm sof et Le eros ee noc. The ‘oe Gin in) ate pooper 1) in int aire ‘uray be mniertn The rege SU(m) and SLs) te), (Geog i he al ewe 21) ice2 aes Gog ha deri saat a a “Torneo (2) an eee are ncempt O(n) sn SO(m Ch er) aed SO) (n= 1 A Ue Haber eu Soot) end Spv.o) Eo) and Pra and Bs Re and Ce nto ‘Situndar to pode eanpne how ta ete ase 1.4 Connectedness olin 1.7.4 mts Le goup isi to connected fer 9 fo matt dan Bin, tee eats actin pth Aha ST 2 ipo mG wh Ma) A and A) = "The prope wh ie path-conected a teploy,wi in (us pot he name a conse Howe fe (oo pert lv tte noc) anti ro cnet i dnl ‘atest Sm ws ase f trl, tie o ‘ert the shore property at ommend. Se Seton 18) “anc oci n ) ‘Seto compere cn ly montana pb Sono ‘eet compos cant Proposition 18 1/6 se «mats Le gop thn th compet of 6 ‘ig wen a ago of Pro, Saying that Asn Bae thn the component cotinine ty ‘nth there ae cots pt A) BO) wt A) = 0) =, “Aso Bit} = B. Tem, AUB) mcm ah start wt itn AH i tn eo ty chs oh sing ta esi a 4 td oth rf an let ‘Sti ons aan some a tly Not tt teenie ts mlipstin and mati ition ae ati ‘wns GLa) Fells ta (a) ae ont we [Ai)SG) snd Alt)" The comin of te mates pract brian The ‘Senay te bese los fan th ola a he ee ara, Propsiion 1.9, Th soup Gin:C) enna forall 1 Pra Cone ft he ae = 1 A151 erie op mars Ai lib fen Bw An Crh tof soa cle aber Ge Siyteetmaco mpl tambo ween aya coon path wich ‘Set tha and bw nt ps oh ee rece n 2, wil show tht any cee of Le) an be sonnet to ty yn onion path ne GLC). Thy ay {ho dente Asn Bf (ps6) ean be ena 4 path ging fo A {2 he ety entity "Me mae ft ht er al sine to an wpe snort ener) Tat en ayn cpl aes A, {ieee ete n> compet moti Coch Sa Ancac"! weno amu tht A ee, shen the mut be eo, noe td B= ys Xe LB) be ay ing part 5 svete gal ty (1), be 2 bande Al) = CBI “Tens onan pth we tutti est COC where Dis gral wate ‘hi pth i i Gin) sine det Ae) = Ayo ht a ‘ows minh cen = Irs our ded ich cenmeteathy t2 nga gon Th, ne Soe Aon ered S152 " (° ‘) ox, "ie ation ah wc tet at CDC“! whe = and nd T= C10" wn 22 Sins the 0) re ee nome AE) he din We soy tiny sh ey mare Ai GL) nb cored fo ‘Sh ety by = eens ah ig LC) 8 As erate proof this ln in Exerc 1Propoition 110, The gap Sri) i canned forall > 1 Pro. Tho pra oe he sae se Gn; xt we emt be tar ogra the conten det = Lt Aa yee SUC), Tie cue n = I a2 we tc 3 We an dee ‘Me) ae be oe O'2 F< 1 wh AQ) = Aran A} = CDE sae et Al tA © 1, Now dt (fat ar or Fn 20 tobe (Ales Aer" Ne that see yy =, A) =) ‘hoses tocol ayn sah SLs) Proposition 1.11. The oops Un) a Un) we nat for al = Prof By anda et of nar eta (Tiere Bl ey uy ‘mc has un ctor na of tetera he (P°t tons hat ct ery te canbe we se ih Oumar and €R. Cone aly hac ey mr | Ue (8) iam Now de mf ‘As anges om, th sonia pa aU) aU to Tt ay wo mete U and Ua) ean be ome eer {mewn pt hat em tof ad thf Yo 1p modieation ofthis ramet, win the prt Propet 130, shore tht Sule) imate < ‘Proposition 112: The gop GLa: R) ut cmt, bl hat com Sent These ar Giger, deo of nm eal maa th pe Seminal nd 8) hr of el me ge Pr GLB) canot te conned fr fe A> Cal det 8 0, te ‘sy omioa puh conetig tn B wd et cae a ‘iteminet rr td ene pe ate of GL). “The pol tat GLB)" hamid in Exerc 18, Once tin) sown tobe ema tt ile to ae tat GL ‘ln contetd et C bx ay ut ih epi dria ae ‘Ato Bin Gh) The, CA wed CB ae UB a ca be ‘eee ts a GR Hoe om ‘Te flowing able sue ti Lie rp, nate waar sk eon ont, od gs ha mh of pet Group Connected? Components time) Se . Sic) de i Ging) be 2 Stink) ae i ‘om. 2 S0im) xe i Ue) ke 1 od : Ort) te 4 oe 8 2 Em) te 2 Pina) me i Proof oof th ri ae ge in ues 7,1, 14 al 1.5 Simple Connectedness Detinition 218, A mats Le grup ad be sip comnactd (ced dein 8 oy cone se cote 1g gion any ots pth A} 0 t= 1 hing wh AD) = A, fhe cto entiation Aa) 0 yan vale and fest te flonngproetie fi) Al) = Ale forall 2) AU = ‘Mey and (9) At) AG) fora (ne shal thnk of At) a a op and Al) fy a oe, rtrd by the le whch iA) 9 pat. Cie ae {Eat foreclose on 2s then he api the Speed op A and eontion Sy tat Whe ‘hop i. Proposition 1.14 The grou SU) snp comer Pra, Bere 8 shows tat SU maybe ho of (tpi) athe ‘arco spre 5° ateing ide RE Te wl ao at 8 Scone 5 Th mo of snp cemetary ptt. One ot sae Ing hore eile tt ply cowed, iatl ee 0-08 creping beeen be repens oan he malo fr Li este eran patbcrcnd pic pae, oc defi obec alld the fundamental group See Append fir ue nln. & ose ie ye angi smectite oly be nausea up he {anal ap (1) nor pole th wing te ae ep fit fr compet poap td her enya Ie he thn ef et Her, S040) dese ety pen 30m) ace ne ish anda rape fro rg) inch she odode a n> Te ee Group Simply connect? Fundamental group son) = = sory z3) a ae iim) = t sue = a Sac me a Group Snply connect? Fandarneatl group cue in ‘oes 300) ‘eine c= 2 sugem)im>2) sew $045) Sune) = ty Soin) = ne 5049) South) fs 0 sontsin22) be same 5000) St) = 2 Same) ms ao ‘Wecondde hton witha demon theca SO os ant secrete tn saa S01) coming oe chet ‘Wanton sci ane rent oe ied ane ‘Set en pnt th foe gh bd ct teen fee teint ss geo my tor ental tee! Sst ln penta toe wd Ws lea nema nul fain hoy ht tt ys Bh ‘Sin ttt ot mde.) (8 a at ve Spain ee eee) hs tran) We en Tere yt sy tah Rd etn te ‘Sinha Seton ected ee a at ko tom (1 that nto 300) ob xed Ray ‘Sen anld vit v2 s-furienera econ areas DSO woth cay in dent cn al of i a cote se map 8:8 501) ent | | | 1 Homme nd amarptone 17 $= Rau 94. war Hy, &~ ai he it ter in the wet, The ap an toon, sea tne gst the ey a8 appro 2, ‘eco of how tg Toe dizanion a he peeing pre ‘Som tht mape ceo Te ap als ij, not le Shwe = fev aipotal pats on on boundary af By pa a prs fh far "a ws fu = 7) map to the sane slant of S01) "Ti sms tat S04) can be etd hosmenpleal) B tere denn etraton ef ipa yc ie ona soe ‘hate ply sem Spsaey, cme he ep 8) ht ies some eer wef nh and oo nn ight ich te fc an score vad ected, ey 1B) be sone tat ths oop canoes ott ope ita)" Te sh towe ha 900) ot py mn, seme maid 2 fa poe es iti 9) ‘ile ne acetal grup 22 116 Homomorphisms and Isomorphisms Deflaion 1.15. Let and Sema ie raps A map from oH aa Lie roup homomerphim i) 9 sep homanergin ‘ad (2) 9 cota. Tf an, Ss ote and na et at ‘avec 9 i tinh lee group tromorpiem, he contin tha conti ond be pd a ely saat inary ito gh an xp of rnp bemoan toe two malts ie group wich nat cotta, = Ra = ‘hee ay ep bom on toh nee vera (ery scan) rtm (Ee Caper Dod ae Note tthe reo Le op warp e ot ye ‘et rp ec (yeemnay rout), wd is ‘ep tomers Hand Har te Lie gps wd hr exe {th oup tomerpha fom Gt A thn @ and ama ob oe orp sod eit HT ai groupe which ne rere Sai te et os He iy the sane ony. "The capa nsreing example of Lr op tomb ithe tecnica of GLC) tat Chae ple ‘Splint tnp 9 SU ghey (aie)‘olemap i lay contin nd eatin (sine andar once ‘Hein shone hat ra bamomepie (Compa Bate 8) 1.6.1 Bxample: SU(2) and $0(3) (A very impatot tp fr wil the elitontip cw pe 501 $0(), Ths exacted a sthow tatSU) aad S03) ‘Sema (on ot qu!) imap Spo, Ue exit Lie gp Septet te snp UH ota SO) and wh onto, We sorte i et al 22am he a a= (2) s=(20)-4=(04) (Pacp fo the factor of th singly Ue retin Vo he ibe ‘Shalt ener proc acid in Seon) Det sompatation ors ‘hat (Aye do) roar ar or V Having chow een ‘nla rw sy Vth RO ‘Now mppse tha U ean sement of SU2) ae A ean een of Vn cen TAU The (Seton BS eel CAT (wa-ty = pau = caD, 0 VAU™ gun nV Rare, Uap A> VAL lina Tons fr ch © SUD), nn dine 9 Hea mp Be of V tof the ola fun) = 00 Se ht GA = NE ad = a ee aR (ea t= Smt) = =. "Soe ety nth Rg tthe ranma! a), then we ‘uu hint yar an comet of 3). ice ey =', uy wea tha Ue esap ts By) a toomapien oS) moO) eat ‘at coesou ac Shan Le ep borers Racal at ‘rye of 01) hawt 2, Now, UU) bee Eee 17 Tele Deon fr SU a Lin) 5) scotia and @ tl which cera oe flows ‘ir rue muy SU) nt he ety cepanet 001), may 508), "The map U > by ng etn, ns ot ay U € SU, y= (twa tas Un SUay then svn =O) I ple os a Sn twotoane map af UG) ota SO), (Te a ov pa fit fein hha ests SO) Th le yt re ner ae [evar he cance he Ln lin od poe Theor 220) Ts ‘Stic f bmp has SO) eae piconet, at Sit) The map alr nonce probenecid ‘Bony SO} to protec Un spinal say SU). 1.7 The Polar Decomposition for SL(n:B) and SL(s©) nth ton, comet polar deception So) SU) "The denon ca be ope tn oti Su at ‘Linh ast hte feral rap ef SUB) ad Se) fr the ana ne Sn) at SU) peti (App B). Tse ‘Coe rn i ie cpa “Xa sume matric P sid ob post Pa) > 0 a soe mcr © Rye ata tat "=P Enemy. = ‘Suntec pti Wf al feign oe pte ie 2 ‘eh D sing wth pve goal xr 3a woe {n'a ba yy ameter Pthn HE the mae ‘how clus ses) Woes otras ate oto Pi p= ROR, vege DI the dagnat mati whe (pate) digo ees ae 7H Ten, Pe a syne and pte. Tea be am ‘han i ete pete mnt mt wn iar (Ee saan. “Aeon prom th floning a. Proposition 1.16. Gen Ain SUR) the xs «mie pi (PP Tok ta fe SO(n), Pts roa yi and pontine and A= RP. The mate P sted P= ‘eo arate (en) and pot, te Ax) = (Ad) > {hogs AE ae Asi Leta ten ine PyPatera, that Peel ymca po, Sie we wast A = BF we me Mem cap™ Alara Weck taf etosea ar ay arya tae eaararta ‘Thao hat in Of) To ih ht Fe SO) we ate hat 1st Am det et se e pat, we hare det P > Ths ae ‘oe cao nv et =e mk hw de =e a ‘re meade he enone of ue (RP) wth des sop Toei Un got of he pr, wr ha a [ces than we amare = 4A. enw ae ath re ‘Sac apt, metic ai pis ne rain Pang Teflon that R= AP ian UP ea sft compl ais (Le, P* =P thn we sy Pie postive (grP) > 0 fora nana wos in An age ela {0h am above sass teflon po dcpaton fr Sn). Propel 1.37, Gen A i Sin), thee ere wine pi (0) ih Sula, Patent en pane, end A'= UP. The mabe P te P| eet othe seat mk ot the ppp plo emptce forthe rnp Gin), Gn) and GUC) 18 Lie Groups: -Asespana in thie an App, ou tng at ‘Snatch nad a aru Aah tera ast, ‘tery tt Li grup es ie gro (Th ns a lve Go tat ‘be oet caper) Te eee atte et eery Le up ogc {Sema ae gop Never hae teed aetna ho 0 thous Le woe fcr wit nan they Sod, een ran ‘Kir wt man, th detonated erp ‘apis fr» general Lie wap ar sail more oped a> ‘ethan hemi cid of neti expe ‘np ata Le rou Roh the rae we wl roe es (Powe (og abot the elintp btwn I pap meine {ES hmacrpins) ee told rp lego r, eps the ei ae ma he ae i the ela exept {halon an ge war me syn the ate Alloa athe Emer laps oie grap tiny the a oe, ‘mappa ale oe ot the to Le up hay th een gis eye ect ofthe mand appro oe gouge Appunae ges more lat, ad cmp eu ek be ‘nsdn cha ey Becker eo ton Dk (985 ‘Varwdaapn (67), Ware (185, Append © i two empl Eee ren mat i won ‘ered perl Liege ht oe rai Li ope Defniton 1.1% A Lie group i «eet mand which ao oxeae end the secre map 9 9 a ietial ‘A naif ian obj that eke oa i 8 peo Rn sample swat be forth fine ae ft “Sg” ns Sone eal tet ot al) Bar prc ein see Apo Bample Ae an erp, G=RARKS'= ((yaleeR WER WES CC} sedan nop product GG by (exam) (ent) = (et aan toe ane ew est ek that he opera se Gi a rnp I et bie kcal cle tt tht op emt he proto tee ‘hens rate ong (ect tai ticle ony ‘haem Went elena, ly ¢ = (0,1) ad ech een (pre haa inves hen y (-aymye™0-9 "Pima nf a group. Fucme bth te ou pode an the np tn son sn ane oie salamat, and ie TT pou Net ive ing os tc he way we ve ‘ied tt © we en tour mts rp. We wal ‘St bunnies marc Lic grep, th nt te [ssh in Appodc e cntnone, ce hanomerpi 2 ite uy Gns€), Tha he eanle tw ano every Lie oe‘tes Le up. Neth Ciclo mates Lie rp. Samay th Henry rp Te ae it yo Wk Ma ‘Sesatatipi tea comaing te append Now let thik aoa ce quan of whether every met Le one ‘elle goup. Tis serail ot svn, uae eign oto a mrs i rope eying stone ng man Inde he ‘Setpoint of cng matric i oo it ees eine ‘hem withosharing tog ugh and ry Se) Net {ron tt ery ate Li rnp lego, a eel bes prey Ising coe ein UME were nts ‘Theorem 1.19. Beery aatrts Lego «sath embe abana FAN) ands hw ie up “he jroo th thre ml he ion of th Ll rst pan rg in Chae 2 Let hl it aot ce (Eenc€) Tn open alot ce pre (Cad thr nl ‘(ral tien 2 The tric pot ely» th ap | SH) td how tat wean mat oe oe mth te Gl) te onl te ie tar the cae ade, ‘han, Glin) ta Lo eoup. 1G C GL) ama Li aru, ‘inl prove Char 3 that a mouthed aba 1 Gil. Soe Calary 253 to Tres 2) The mati prea od [ner il be ein fmm emp to emetebonnldad, , ‘ibe saath, Tie wl shor, chen, tat Gio in amomarif@ eup hanooerlinm aol eset, whee sw bn in Dein 35) eed aly that & be eons Honea, TLS eatin ns nr etn nn tae Proposition 1.20. Let @ and H be Le rap and et 8 bo grep home orp fom @ tose omnsur a neah “Ths group toosoapliens fom Go Heel wo vst the sey td ot) ad ey bo oe). Tne ky ‘Sovran nemo oe Ser ample Exec 18) Wel poe ‘eee ae cape fem ate ie grpe) S Caiy 238 Asn nats Lis pops aoc tly patcontced. lis ‘Bate mast le soup ptrcosmctnd od nf ot. Soe ‘erm lowing ef 17) aa leaker 2-{($2))eeen} sn en tn st ini ne ti ‘ee rg ar tnen cme SSR om eof thom 8 ik Se riares Oa Ga a mee Drones pears poi ht ea 2 Ormond pe: at) ak hand er dc ow ky Ea ‘Slag anette aca Sorgen vant (Be) = (By) ec (B= Bu Using iy how a at A rere toner rota on vend np APA Fur sae an appa ole eon oe OC) dso ° Try pout Lat (ote the anand aoe pat on (en 2 Ear Patong ce sta sh = fn) M2 yeCh fund only foam Pm esi nd onl he {ots fA tonal He (Ah Cnc rhea! qr Lt [ya bebe rate Meare et dete 1) the a8) fs 4) gpl ee ‘Taw gor eatin and a ingen ent a Sow ea atl 29 eR Fels = ts Saw ht 0-8) 4 a ae Ain OCA ad nly if ‘pp So te Of) ant Sec) ae ious oF Link)6 Spotter, Let By] the Ean by Blea = Eeaeaine Blea (ote) Siow tht 2x24 aie nS) a oly AIA = J Stew tt Sin) aah oli) as ma Ln gam ‘Not: Aso anne npr to Soi {Re ap Ot and SOT Sho a matic (as) Eee) (Seed) = (S79 e638) Stow that eey amet A of O(a ee af he on a(R) = a(t at (te hat a ei rm, hn A = 1, A ‘neni oe 0) cata A at ete smc ie ft 0 ‘egy 00:1) an (Show tha he mi (Senscat.) stm yt) and a (Sehr sabe) (Sins snts) = (sane) aa} (etien): Capt. cas). stat) Cate (oe a sass i ae pti, te no ea ong the ‘Sure Note an htt eo forms ave Stermiat a 44 The group SUL) Sow shi an ae iter compe mands sting +P =, te ea (93) Se SUD, Show nt re 2) a eel th foe's einer (o8)aning ll = (Thon, SUZ) "Nong fm he we nemo pre 5 ting oie C= Shot SUC aco en Sp Sw ta SB) = SLR), The Henry pop, Dern snte Z(H ate Heer sy Show thas te quotas pou H/2(H stn rom tou of Show tat Nu etal i ce Ths mole pos a leat prot of Propet 1.9, pay tht lini} inmate. Soppne and Bae vere nem mas Show that thee ac ny Eiiy any cmos mir AS ‘elas (1 = 5)B) 0 Sam ta are ete tins ah 0) erm A) = Xe} A) omc Ao Band ch ha 1X Gn) Here, 30) “band jo mat ef 50) Sow tt 50) nh ge in the n= thee mtg to ho ce 011 eae Tien) m cosine pth ine lage ie cern nm Aa at 22 a ee he er a dhe it sie ph S00) we 0) =F Satna =. ayer iy $2. stow tat sent Hf $0) cmb eee 1 a sal ate (x) ‘Hk 8, © SO(n 1) and poe by tin14, The connec of SLB) ing hp dco 8) (Prop 16) ol te eons of $00) fncae1) sh ‘i Real a Pa, son os ‘eget Ps BI he De a 15. Thecnmctn of Bing nocd 8 (i coe) sow tt Lr) imate 1 Wa an dona of 900) So tn Mt hr niger with Tn Sine 3,8) ¢SU(), ey (ao oes) eg of mat ‘tv abe valu 1 Show that tn f trations» soma abso fe Busan ‘ou Ele). Show ia the gat group Elsa) ee {eto Oty) (Asn Propention 5) 1s Lata ean ital el mb, Sh hath tof uber th for ey denen 3 Poe 19, Show that ee cto moran an 0 5 oh on ‘Sa) =o fr se a'e (This in pratt ey uh morph mest) 20, Sopp © {nad & GLingC) ate mate Li group at that 8 G Sila Ls group honnmanpin Tn he Sage of ner i sabgoup af Hd hao Gg) thea et ‘oom urs Ls rg? Pr evs coarse 21, Spe Pa el pote, spar sats ih deer coe. Siow Ut thee 0 ian ra. pst, symmetematlrQ mne Tine Th existence was dua Stn 17. To rove iene, ‘omit to re pm, nar gure oct Q) andy of Pa ‘Sow that heen ath a yeas wah ceapaes Lie Algebras and the Exponential Mapping 2.4 The Matrix Exponential ‘a cxpnumlal os mati ae aera een the thoy of i ou ‘he exponential etree the etna ote Lge af ate Lie Sotisstkelle pp. Se any emulate eon uh oe tie eel of te De age. he sont elena ong (OTE bey ao complent, Wow odo te pont of Xm ey thal power me “£5 on ith seni gi Propaston 22. For any elo compe mars X, the meres (2.1) Comer The mate cena i Stina econ of roving, Hise emi sti Rl hat irr sso soa) ih C In defined to be We ow in hm mat By ekg a the pen MC) of see nial oC The men ht eee int= ($t) 7 an282 bie le et he pen apg Thi om ste aan beer sixtspr es) 1xY1 SIH a focal XY © Mal). The st of the nti he eae nal fy tnd a tuned see fom saree anal The see of the ‘an ws fom the Sarina Ene) Uy the sens of Defison 1.3 if nd aly i [Xn — K+ 0 a +2 ‘Tw oe (22) cal! te bert Sehmid nora. aster ‘exon te or he pr af nen eld the perator nor ‘thse ein notre to tyson a oegecn “helibae Schmit noon neat camera ae oper nr, (ie rb we wot its er operat o i ied ‘pes faery rte mca 23) Thay "hago No of mati ao bee Cauchy sequence emt ce Taking of the pee (©) of mie at Ca wing a ‘andar a om aa, we hve wig Propeation 221 Xs Cae sence Ma) hn ere ot Tht ery Cay snc a MC) ome ‘Now, cone males won rt a tn Sort taet es) Sime a as Se ait of tis ae he a nt a Ter ao et compu, whee sd a 2 =a,m2 eae so he pont Nagin ‘oma aie maybe leper agueliae. Howe, iy Theorem 8 cey mtr eae be wt fn i the fo = Sthenh § dapsone N apn, ad SN NS. Then, ec X ‘onmte vee se ad. can computed in the wo pein uso semen (3) x (62)+() mee 2266-62) 2.4 The Matrix Logarithm Tn, a in aca ‘Sheath nha et ‘ith hole anv wes mas ow Sietseveagh agen ences ae ent Sete ace Reamer Svinte, Thema eee, at he igi Seto Gea eee hnpom tots frags re Speeches Sarasa Se Each ys tame 2 eon wet= Fem df ad nati nai of ae 3 lot 2 Peal thle ile, es 25 Thee Lapin 32 Par ats ho og, J} <1 ond hea —21= for A (Se Bate 5) IFA “This wha we a(t cy ered tt he a ine a ex ‘Peonvesen) ° ‘Wem estate the pop na mece oie ay ang ha bi! + 2) = B+ O18), were O82) eta © quai of der (a, quay ea ened a an ef ly ul a). ster, wrth rein The poe et In Bers 8 a "Theorem 29. Bry meribensen mation be esr at forse Feiatey 2.4 Further Properties of the Matrix Exponential 1 he wet, wo ge sera ate ute nog the exponent of ter atl be impos mote st of Lila ‘Theorem 2.0 (Lie Prodet Forma). [at X and ¥ be wc simpler2 ie Altre nd he poem ig ‘Teh a hh led Te po nl Ah ‘ror on rnin ibe geno ta pa [Scat or campo Ren ad Star (90, Sc VS Ero ze sty het mite a oh fe {erm wl ale na her owes fT tek Xe Lo0(4) ™ an =Bneo([E-5-o(@)P) -EsLso(4) posing th ogrith thenee setam(Eokoo(3)) (ay aero) ————— ih he ie rar fa ° he dain fhe logan ul ii Bh oe mai nd ha ots ‘Theorem 211. Freny XE My), we hse de (et) ere, Pr te a Sci apatite 2.4 Fehr Pope Mir gona! 3 “Tae ) =F and dae) =e = ZS ptt pte, te Wy Tes te mts {haem tm), wl ype anglr,with ne on he bee ppm a a tao at tea PS Senden Sec Sa ct tometer he () = (8 (8) = erie = min, hh wha ese a ea) an) =m) ution 23 fontion A: GL) led oeparameter ibgroup of ins) eag=n SAIC) = ADAG) forall €. orm 233 (Omer So A «wernt Inigo of lov, ten tee eat ¢ wee nm om ae aun —32 Lt Alpina and te Exon Neping By tng n~ al ting ha GL(LC) =, res rato of ing Boe 1 a Cpe Pr Thee eect, i esha, hen X HA). 8 em oly woe ot eater "Le Bet open tal of ran © aot a In Ma: hati, = (XE Ma(CHIAT ee}. Aun tha gd The, eh ha tha ‘ex? tls 3 nsny to (Ch ction ee a de “ou” Now, = orp) be wa opens nL). emma 214, Bey g €U has awe agar hs by b= enittors Prot Let X = logy. Then, b= ex(X/2) ew ae rot of ane i etx) = a Spe 8G U sua (Ug Lee = g ties ep) = Band aia) = (tg aap). We he tad Ye Baan, th, YC yo a tint Xe Bes © Be Se xp nection Rea xa) = exp}, tt ve 2 =X Tha, esp) = epX/2) © Tsao he sgn the are nu 2 eur othe rot of These 213, he oni of A gman tins te ext fp 0 uh hae A) © U alt wh fi The, Mex = Saga) 20 that WX IgA) Thee By nk {UG} = Stott). Then, AC) iO amt A/D A By te ie A) hs ine nero a ad oe ot ‘Solei/2} Sone mu ha Ale) = i) ‘obing hs semen ope, wc ht Mt) = xia) far postive integers Then for any tg, wt hve At) = ‘eg tg X/2). Thine th A) expe) al fe indore fre = t/a ek a dese nS Sth Goe) lA) wn ie sat A) es a 2.5 The Lie Algebra of @ Matrix Lie Group ‘The Lipa ican indepen staying max Lous On the cr tne in ats na cae ‘egies hs tet hah Li sein ‘fa mates Le group coal henson abt at Se ‘ramp Toran 227 Suan 7 a the Baer Capo Hoar ‘au (Chapter 9) Ths ty tins boat mae Li gc be ‘Stover by cnr sas hv Per the Lr ote 28 The Ue Abpenct aA Comp 38 Defietion 2.15. Let @ Sea mats Lie rou, The Lie alr of Gd td he et ofall mater ch ase ein fla abe ‘This ean hat Xi in if ad ony fe eneparamite maou oat oy X esi ote een hough Cn bgp of CL {So nt) ney mea ene a oahu in ‘That et ay to ot xe oa Sia tach tt © © tt chat Ger aoe a as (Ea) Sahn Xe a sy group, whi i dscribl in Seton 28: The reat Scton 2. vl Tins) oie ors Glia) Character ch wg ant ‘some ini tn ‘Wel sow Seton 27 tht ey mn Lie ropa bed sstmulé of (uC). wil ta tow tat gh tng sp {Gat te stent So Caray 238 Th manta pan tema be ‘hd hn sf at mother out oe ey 25: Physi Conmention Pie ae atone o energy + stad of X ‘2th pit old ik of Ow Li gr o a thn fa ‘idan that €or al ral tere athe pier a, {heen rua aed to the space “tec re ‘Sere! Th pg enc dom au ous ing arly bee "Badr nani girl proper of he Li alg, tux compat th Lue lira af the nr i rape occ the pein pe tx nar agony my Ppt ei Scuimang aoa Denna retained Saas SA ere sen Ce chow een tn ce iransapes mS «ere Sos122 Anand he Exponent Maing acl Thee 211: dee) = e*, Ts if eel) = 0, sen ese) fall el brs On eb te a any mn ni a ater) = fal tam eo ral nae tnt rc) a nae pi of 2 fra whi ey mle teat) =O" Tha te Lelia of Sw) pce al ‘pete tue with tr ae dosed C) ‘Sry he ein ofS (3) the space of n> a mation veh ice dene. 25.4 The nleary groupe el ha i itary anol 10" = 0°) Thane ary ‘Fed (ey eerie ex) By Pie 2 of Proprion 23, ("= 9°, an (210) become eae em Chay a accion fr (21) 0 tld aX ste 8) ha a, i by nig | ett Sere he mean mer eat 3 coining sto rvs pans, What he Lira of Sule) the spce ofall compe ates X ech tat X= = Sed} = 0, dente al). 25.5 The orthogonal groups ‘he tent componat of Of) SO(n). ier (Propoton 216) the ‘oneal o's nt Le gra arate the Key ‘cmp the Lit ara of O(n) the ume we the Li ger of SO) No, an > el ae Rong and oly = siren nvealnte Xe metho andar) = (2%) et, en) Chay» oui conion fa hn od that °° = =X. (2) teal thon yifienting t=, wo ma ave X= "hay, nla of On) al te Ls en of SO), he spac al sx alco 8 wah XW =X, deed sa), Si ‘Beenie 4 = fromthe gn ete of tobe ra, on ‘may the tae of eo 25 Tete Alpaca Bac LeCroy “The ame organ htt he Lag of $0: i tac of ss eon ato sushi X= °K tad 9). Ta Viet) 125.8 The generlzad orthogonal groupe ‘Arti Alin Of and 9A ~ a whee 9 ath (w(t) i arte atm gia eaten el oe ad PRELT at chal mite oo Tn con sae fo he tonto say tw aes engly = gag A Now it Sete ei ek mn ten ein fo) a oly ody eth cnn eo al al id ay 9 — XT the Ue sim af, in mane th tap of $e, ote SERIOUS 04 ed ames 3 wag X. Thi Lalpien dim se eer poy (nw mc cet eo Sie te ay supa of 3) es oe ho ely Sole Oy ised SO he Texel af 300 8 ‘SoMa th ein 500047) 25:7 The symplectic groupe “Tim ar dented eR), aC) anon. Te eabatn oe Le tenting onal on ol os etetat eres be ct enon ese ony iota ep Be maton ae FR) anc a n= De mo ing he Sento be) =e). Asean sow st ‘Gem ) te pin the na of te (ate ners Ahan srry nn ec dB dC re lary moc cl hat the ieee op He he go ofl 3 3 el mato A — om122 le Agden be Eel Magn with athe R. Rela that in Sct 22, Cte 2 we caput ee ‘Spon ofa mi a te fr, (is) so that wa nH One other had ity mt at hat 5 eh fr (218), then lf the eof X= et ‘ato low th dag mat bo tt Xo ate 2 Th te Liv elm f the Heeb pth ap af a 39 ek samt re ype na 25.0 Tho Bucidean and Poinaré groupe Real hat the Bulan pou E) [occa be hough of) the rap A Gu 1) el mar a he ee (1 wt Of. ow, Xt (n+ 3) (043) al mat ah at 6 TBE forall thea X= fey mat bea along She bot ow (iq) (ur ga, that detain wich mre ofthe rm (218) are ‘usin the Lt agen a the Eaten poap. A Spe compute ‘Sovethator n 3 ren) wae 9 tbe nua ete with ei yb Salons et Sa Bee. eno to oe 26 Progen ofthe Algtea ow, ee ly tained tat 2 en O(n) fr al al oy se 70 YT wenn th Lag of Ee) the spe fal (e+ 1) (et 1) ed mats of he farm (215) with Yong P= 1 la tmnt ses ta he Li lates of Us) he peo s(n 2) (a) elo te wh ¥ exe) 26 Properties of the Lie Algebra We wl aw sali ros isc pop of the Li ale of marc Lr wrong The reer inet ery by it ain th he ‘sen ropes ha fe examples epuain he evon tn Proposition 26. Le @ ea mars Le rnp end X a leno Le ‘Spb Ten ie men of teeny component 9 ‘Prof By dition ofthe engin, enn Home, 5: tai fom Oo 1.2% wei pth een he eyo Proposition 2.7. fat G bea mati Le rnp sh Lt aging at X Se andement fg; aan clone of. Them, ANA wn Pr Tie mediate, ae, by Propeon 23, ne tn, AI! foal ‘Theorem 2.18. Let G 8 mats Le gop, te Le wpb, and X ond Yemen of Then a 80h ala mtr Wome on the ce omen the deo ofthe Le dante, thence sh be eal ih the sornn “(AY YN) eg Prperha ual 2chow ta pa a tar pee a, al pce ‘hsp ef M(C)- oper Seow ht gi it Li la he Se che Sa Sti Py SeaM42 bie Ai th pat apg Pra, Pit emetic 0°) = 0, wich mast be in CX Pas 2 ny toy X and ¥ cm ie, tha con "0 and Y don comma, s ot Wak owes Le pe flea at 07 (8 e)" (cra ccs op. Home, bee wat Ls po, ‘Sein asin mt ean pot nt er See 07 Tay vie, woe te Ht ei Now for Pie 3 Ral (Propaiton 24) ha) tha eV od, ets pode ae (ec 3) deere] seme seneay Now, by Proponion 217, ee" tng fale. arr, ease Pre Iwo ae! that 9 a rel autre a (C) Thi me, Isp, tha oplnl Slsbet of Mg) tee tot XY YX = pig AVE ols to . Dafinitan 2.9. Cio two ncn mats A ad B, the bracket or come tater) of an ents, Bi ft tig Tm 218 he ale fy mai Li gp cht Tsien iat int ee helt of Chacon ati, te Li ara po ot seemy acm ce ace Tat ‘ing, X maya bela g For xp ems 0 SU() wi nee ive emp nt Le SU) as tne ln). Newt Ei eta ny nm Tk Dafition 2.20, 4 mats Li rues oe compe fe Leak eirg is comps vce of it) en Pik eg ral NCB 2 Pope t eAgea48 samp compe group ae Gr: © k(n), SO(n), a Se ‘he colion n Don 439 mula ae eons that © ea ‘omg abr UC). Sx Apends C) "Westy mt he stig of gue ot cy eon, matic tie pone, The falling ey poate tle that» Li ou TSam ‘Scrooge pe thr wf ot {ro monotil e penge hve se Lisa othe Lipa [Solu in woe of Soe 29), So Exec 1. “Theorem 2:21 at Gand He moti Le gon ith Lie po ed ropstiy Spr tat 80H a Lc geuphomomargion. The, UW eae el incr map S78 ch ee a0) orl X 9, Te map hat loin sition! proprtin 1 sa) saint fa X66 Ae 2 Side 2a) odor at 0 ee S9K)= SAC cg vd es Suge ht, 17 and ve matrix Lie gop and 8H > K and 8: GH om bu puphamomorphims Lat A" GK te he eompoation WW ond NA) =U) Hel and He Be acted Ta lets mene Tes 404) = 0X). In prac, ge a Lie rp emo, te way one goes son computing lp wg Pope Ofcourse ie) ea ee {Grempat g on args the Ingge of ferns al, Pepa 3 ste ge he erat oferta) of © a be Hen ite the star ition of See abo Caany 235 fn Seton 27), “Snes nap sh Pope 2 cle» Lie gees omomeorpiom (Se Secon 28) Thi thee set eye group homomram [Bets os Lic tre opin. We wl evenly thatthe Sree tn ede ra ovata, Spec; pene hat ‘we Li groupe and tae gs 0 = serra Homowuphisn. 1 6 ingly tome thes tee wise wae Le yy hmompi Sa atti a fr ltl arn There 221 (Toe pol of {hep tis in Char) We now paced withthe proto Then ‘Pho The poate ina o hep of Thor 218, Slee @ ew atin ‘hu goup born, (wl bw oer ou 0 Ere ep Tn ty Toe 19th ig mai 2a hat olen) an(61 Le Age he pea Main fora © RTs 2 wt in aoe & = (0%). ‘eso den at} = Z unde nse sepa ha the ould Sep 1. 0) = ‘This flows (217) and oud 6, by ping = Sep 2 (0X) = 6X) forall ¢ ‘Tine inal, Oe) =, ee 8) = Step 3: 30% 4) = 914) +4 By See and, eo = rn (ea) By he Lie produc Samu a the at tat cnn omnes ‘ie wee por cat (emer) saa eraernye 7 a (e409 mom) a in, ernie rw = ves he ind eh, Sep 4 6(AKA) = Lae AY By'Suge an, ents AK AM) ~ exp {ANAT = OfeptAX AM. ‘ag propery of he exponential and Sp 1, his cme expres) exp Gh Scampi gen carro hn etn hows ret Soe cto on in path A) wth 20 aint cme seme Weegee a met og ear wes wie te ermpcons oft mra ) ahortht we ‘ik a source of mumbai MhO= fo fe Seen fad 19 Abe Ama a A Aa) ne K€ 9 pe = AL Ay (R= Bs we bie Cooter 2.82 Spon i 9 nate mati i rnp a maine {He rnp an 8 td yore Le grp homomorhisms f int Dt ET Wie cad Li abo homomorpime. f= dy then a Prt» te oy semen f Sig Gi cnmcted, Conary 231 te Gg) = Ble) 2) Teo ttt eet Bye) ale) 30)222 Li Apa and the Exponent Mapas ‘Weare now in ato to ata Ter 1.19 Caer ww cone Covotary 2.88. Bury mate Le goup Cea ash ent inane Pine) ond, home, «Le pon Pr La © (2) be ch hat ene 227 hls Th fay Ae ‘Ser he aperhoad A af ya Ms Note thar AE AY a Seip aa © Ye Det cl ort mst oy ting th Be AL ae A= Ayenp Xr X es © a) falas These tha foe ce) 4 a anh ely A © g Ts aes ta {peal rate tm ea er A, Ck ie he spec 9 ot Se a i co ya C2 that Gi a oy a Crary 239 npn that = mati Lie souy Gis cosy lly ‘ncn It allot Gece the a pcg ee) Seton 1 te wa actly panna ot the a ‘Spal data Corotary 284 Bry continsowe hmomerion hetero matric Le Pw Gi A&G, wt iy ot BG (a he ato Gray 28) eH hape reg ame 8) = 9(4}0(09 X) = (Ahem), “This ms iain eponntil ootnts oc, & ea compo ofthe lar map 9, th expen apps et eubipenson the (a), wah ae smooth, Tha ha mth ay nee = Cooter 2.35 SuponeG © Glin) a mar Li gp with i agra 1 Then met Xen pf ond ol f Se ets saath care) ach that 1) (be 0 for al) 40) = Te 3 yf ing =X Th, 9 the tangent pce te ety See Prpeton C3 fru dciptin of the tage pe of ned oa thn ay 1) tN a 1) fa Tent Thee 2 a) eon ra spate Kar gar hp jan evn nt tal 2s Le Aigtom oxy = 20D =P ye riety tt toe ha i mat teopth panet ral te i the re wil ge For ea, Uh dra fhe mend rm a0) 1) 8) Ter, ‘Wiel apo moa = 0) Tiny we oan ha enii0)| 28 Lio Algebras eo ca in ai en ot ray Ha {o's he Lv agin of mt Lie pony. Propet 2 sow iat lhe ilps mus Lego fe Le gtr a ate Deflation 298 4 fnite-dimenaonal real on comptes Lie algebra e-tncntal ral rep soon pce ter wth a Jom e into athe fling proper 1) i ine Ev". frat LY eg ERMAN 2 Fi =0.6r at KnZ 8 Condon 2 ele “ke symmetry Canine alld the Jacob eo: Nate se tat Coton gl at [EX] =O fe ae ‘Aol da ely ith Elodie ager ww fom Iatape alga le densa Le la” Fath li ia eet te say mops of ats) at that teat” operation canbe amp ‘iter eset ap hte ob een pare, Inc¥] wt acconary uate 0Y “YX ado te eprnion AY “7 ‘tenement sin pono acer Iv wo ter eperton deol ofFr arpe e g = Rand dele ft arabe fs cae re (ey Poet Thorton dary iit ddan se eat aie he doc Udi, ‘The my sora cn wm pode operation "yok BhSt 2 Lie Agta Bien Maplg -Atbough he ce pert a ages ds ot ave souks Y= AY-YX. mpm octet lsat ‘Tat toy. Ais an coc ges ane doe fA ed ok tw Ek XY ~¥'h tbntsoptn dtd ol A sa ie she pt dt i nd ray Sime option toc ni th oto ote Di oe ray Liv sli the Joa hay ae lt eat pean Sehoe af eve XY “7, nen i shally oer sey Tg ie Lie agin, we ca think ofthc pean se ang Inka gt nie gral ewe. Tagen awit tat he Soca ety tab hh ost site ay Proposition 2.37 The pace MR) of mre mares ra ie tiptoe bectel operon A,B" AB” BA. The mace MA) efatin cn ort compe ape th ree o Tet tee fiteimensonal nal cee wear ape and et gV) sence tesa of er ape of Vite aT’ BC) here eat romps Leslee i bike open (bl Al” Bk Pf ‘Th aly ote ple th as ety, Te ly way to oe thts wt eyting ont and sn atest oth de Nate She et po forme frat Babe lm sgn Not tht the seca ofthe mati rt i etal Wo esiition 238. A subelgena of «al nce i pie pio ‘ac fut te for al Bh an ye fe compe Te ipernity te Mt rent suai of ‘gat bore Lie tran hen 9 Uncar map: @ +9 eld « Lie alga homomorphiom i3(3.7)) = [6X 9(P) fora VY 6 Ivo sidton us onetwone and ont hen led Ee agers ‘omorphiom& Li ate morpho of is eo dae weed he alga wulomarphiene A eal Li alge iy agin,» Lie geen A el abl of a compl Lie gtr te is gi: T ies 9 Liesl (Comoran iets spss homepie Proposition 2.30. The Lic alr of mab Lie group ra ie hea DeLee 5 Pr, By Te 218 al i lh pe oti Sd ie a Tinorom 2 (0) ay Stina al Liab oer Bicentenary feral om ee Ticaphsto compas ma ofc Ths dp hen peed sal Vann (10) Te pp) ef rc nu ca can cel ep ne ty soters aman) ticle eat Thaw nse SRST pape Pe aa erg oe ‘Were vote hint atone map nt ch vr Mind ete Bren sma tp Detiton Rtg fs Lins ie X © «Sr Senoet sin = Th if te min Xm kn) on bid a ap om Bs he Sata pcr opr foe Sete 6 em at oe, ECU grorasomer iin pet, nan cam to ean Scalp oan omnis er cap ed tg oe memes agit ‘Ths sof stato lb eal Chote 3. Proposition 242.7 Le lea ten stp =adeay ~ ra = | at a 9+) Lala homemersin Pr, Ott Teast = (8,2 me wa to stat rhe tema mez = p21 LA + IK ich onthe Sas iy 8% 2 TA a he Espn Morin lat 6b tenemos oor compli Lin gry at Xi Xn wats fag (ar ere). Th, ek a [3 ten nai the orm Sheraton om gn some of th eran te tutte tne nya {rar ole aoag we wl ot hav neh myo ee tks (They apa mally a Appt D, ne th a ge ae sth ests the Le alps) Tt pac ere, Sure sna ae dei a XX] = VT epee etn ite of “Teich ns et te Lave Th tre cuts he ing wo cmt Tlesmcnt + ett + enti) =O foal Te tf than sn cones Se he shew eyanetey shee Dy Atecatets t be y fse invited to verify these conditions fr hime) 282 Dice sume false consie he det st og gy the wr spre ee dw dee arch epertion am 1X9. 0.98) = (5,94. D. 1 et a in ti pre ee ty ‘emus Le pp mt ON Oy has nes anaes Somat get tanta ere ae Shura) Fataonme 2.9 The Complexifcation of a Real Lie Algebra Definition 2.4, IV is finiteness wer pc, then he crm esifcaton of, dente Ve themes 9 fra bt cmt oth so € V. Ths hme & recor pace the oboe oy and some compe tor spce fe ene Hota) =a 44 ‘We ol me platy difie Ye to Bethe pce of nde pie (ou) wth yoy at hs mtn canbe R stron std to eit the oe defn rely ats nto compen var pace Wel regard Vt el spe a Yet th bins Proposition 2.4, Lt 9B anginal al Lagden and ‘lmpsiation (aa et eo pa). The, he rc operation nat ‘Pima oe choke go ty eons Lic ares The “omy i yea g's led he complanfation of tal ie ile Pr. Te wig the ete obvi ef the a pee ‘un ang to e tila, mthee OR 94 + = MU B+ HM (220) “ost msec, we mt sow check nt (2.28 ely ile ad sew ‘mm i tha ater Soa ety cl hat (2.20) ‘fal near, an cement (22) HO HOH EM eM A. aN) "he ean sie of (28) [ma mi He) = (1) — DDH LED. era te aad (220 4.851 — be. +4 +H 1 (Yi = HHH = BD trematodes enya, the as enya Xsan Zang. Home, ers a th expen en i ed Side ft Jah ty oop) har in fed ao 2k ‘hme tron hn shor ht na tendo Yin erate 2 in (erin he Jat erty li aS52 Li Altea he ome apg Proposition 2.45. The Lie aja iC) 0) sf) nd 050) (Pe tomer Li jet. atone hee te olor of ‘Spar i aie HUB HO, Mine = a0), sine 2 store) sina = ane ines = ie = mons a) ‘Pro. Fate computations a pee wet, meal tha the fort i sles et, emp bleh es) tad nee ‘econplr Lr ugenas ote) te sac a xn amp matin, whee ln) ich fre af all n> ra mnt Cla een ee Xe tS) a eens wy nthe 9 ih Xr Ree gee ee comple vector pce emery h(n: emits nC and ‘val occ tht to Ll sg tomer, ‘a the ter hand un) the pace afl no mpi seal rate Hower, 3 ay neon mate ts Re Egat ae th ae Tan Xe wan “cmp ioe Ths eve Xin gC) nb wn aly fsote iy wth Xi und Xin wa) fiw ht we = wns. 1X hatte sth so Ny ad, wh chow that un) aC). ‘Pe eran of herman acess rtd 8 Nez that wae arse % oC). Home, nb Hower te gle expe when m =I Te al Ln aga fn) le) are ‘ale el forme ft comin i lta) A en emp Lie Plocrats do at aby arty dain Beton aati Li ony (a) eg x bret 8 rl Lg an ope ‘Sone rca, sen arin fhe pgs Meret SU) ‘tir to the eompistn Le iebe, =) 2.10 Exercises 1. The Schwa nou fm emenay acl el tat all = (cima and t= [erred fC me he rn sorennte (Emr) Ew) int ty ha XY LI ea € AC) ee {inom fx emer Xi etd (2 ‘Soe (0) pl yet! a 6) oC TXT = Sells tte [XT de by (23), Now tiatite letter ih apr A The poder Rel tata mare aland fen AQ) sl Uomo ech Ay) mmc Te at a uch econ or enol ea0= ig te 19 tPA) fiaomey- ty «08 Sto that al X MO), sald] ne Then he emp ma Ae i eter ion hs Ser amo Atri ton A fetes eS armen ah mc me tie Wotan (vane) 1 + OE a. am e ‘eh to ie an erative deren af th eh (27, Now Se tf co nd in ge een nto ofthe (eee (22) tot fhe eh oi ne rot of Jt X ‘int tt af Xn) we Beara we whe Trex on metan ihe2 Agi and he apna Magi ‘Wie a th yu of iio ey and matic ‘Rate A esald wo be unipotentfA~7 pte (Aisa the fom At with ape) the el he (a) Show ta i uote then eg penne (t) Show tat Xt ipotn then gc ha hn = a at nt et AU) 1 (A 1) St hex A) depends ply Semi os at et) = A) a ey Soy ht ey re mat te ‘ise. Dyorem BS imps that A is seta back digonal marc fea ba ers Nth aa ae ‘han emp ofa mec Le group © aed mate X eck a ee eee a Susp Gs a Le ou a GLC) alt @ be Ll, Stowe hat Ain and that [= 1] mo tht he power sro eg is conegen eit emmy hee at i Pre geacomermene, Stow ta tw tomer marie Le usp hs more Lager. ‘ie arr) Whe ot ely gr om fet ey amy tat Proposition 217 and Tha 218 si rhe Li Alpine Ut). "he Le lb 2), Show ta he ling mie Sam a ee heel i gsr 2) B=4(5.9)se-4(28)se-4(28) rings SUP am any oe vera The Le dpa i) ol it Sr a Cea Roe pontg pr a $0) wt Soo ae, eames ‘he te alga (2) od 28). Show hats) and) ae mt ‘opie Linas ea Shangh mea Rle 20). ‘sing sas 1 show tht (barn teens ut EEC mas Lin ova ig be Re i esr Rar A&G, (hiro ye and ben mt ow by induton ht oan on = F(R) tron, (wg) 07 = LY No, shaw yi cmpston hat ctngry aad) ere Anu ati my oe i em y(t “is al ie eat sage gs noni teen na teten eter ewe ittee nso tn erie yf ion teal 13 eee eee en ee et Sonat rm tal ‘Stan fennel tn ra ‘Saf atmo ufc ae Ste nesta ivy ao ltt su =o? atl The completion of 2 ra Lie lpr Let 9b ma Lila {compton and hwo ery emp Lage. Show at ‘cy nals agten amor gto 9a gl to ‘Soyer Lie agers tamomerpinm co y(n the universal property oft cmpisatinn of a Liles pope ct EX anatsrotv dein of hr cmlsieton) pL gc, he comer ug letha nt ofa 2'¢ 9 such tat [021 “Ofeeal X'e Show tat he eter og a a ar eit Swoon th @ ics cone, cmmutatve mix oyp wth Le [Ne Stow that te erent mapping er @ map ae ©.27 Le Alga de Eesti Maing 26, The econntial mapping fr the Heenhy arg. Stow tat te x ei moi om te Ln of he Honey ny oe 2. The eyed mang Jor Ue). Stow tht exponential mapping lm a) to Ue) am, Ducane at sows hat Uf enanetod in: ery nary mats Yi petal of eestor 25 Caner te opce eC) al yop mai: A el eX € Ui), die was €) +n.) y adn) = PY Spee THOU isn agonal mata. Sow, eth oy digo st peraer ng Tine Cnet ese were Xe actly ago Not: rable of dnnalising ay a npr ott we wl ‘Scone agian Chapter why cen tng Li sgt. 29, Show xy ht wp a3) 300) it, ‘og Exc 8 Go Chap son tat tetas nL (bxte!) 3 The erential mapping for SLR). Stow tthe sage of he ec oa appa fr SUZ) conn of vy tha eee AE ‘SU(iR) stat tun A) > ope ih he mato Cech Tastine “2 To thn com tbpabtntesgeoval ‘int ee nf 2) ey 928 ie Li ante up so hatte erase oan ema) fa), nite rl and pte or ti fe (oh 1 oo Th cs fs peated ier (0) i th Ln gi ad 1) ("1-1 nthe op wl ave otal pal ‘eda ca fo Sree). Shot henge he expen mapping ot dane S28) 1, Detain ag ote eps suger S86) ie lege the excel mappg dea a SUC? 3 ‘The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff Formula 1a hcp wl tl, uae mailto mai Li (pote, Neethan the este man ote ae the ue ged [Ee teue, ree oe ne deny ws he base ete set he 3.1. The Baker-Campbell-Hassdoeff Formula forthe Heisenberg Group A cr fi chapter wl be the illo et and be mati Lie gro, ith Li teas pana apr tht © snp ome. ‘Than gg > he He ase bmnrpbom thre cts we Lc ‘gouphotomarinn #1 oh tat ap X) = exp 98) al iho. (Ts Tree $7 in Seton 38) Tse sete pera Sl afta en ent ce ‘Te etn (ar expand Conga) pra tanh sae te deuemie tis erent gern nao Serie dey tt epreattos of te erepening sep ‘Ti ol lang Leger hamemepone ad Lie sp boos $75 on wf cnn ih eth do endand hard prove (Vrs (1, hv 13-Ot roa lend, ‘Se th Bl Campa, meaty aed sn ‘Seca mite tha the Fens hor, il eh “Pe sta th lig The eel op Iamoerphien HF mst vie) ‘We wold, th, to dine & by tle ton. This approach bs imo ‘htm dae ine, agen santo mayo be xen a, a642.7 Br Campi nd Fre (th Xin see $s cy i Wet on te mich he Hake Capa oa a res, (The nt at il bared wig tele eect GaSe im af Baer Ht ro oe loge) IF YS AY] + BEGG AEGIS 8) eis ant spp ob dc he ment wht "ree to. Tcl linac ps tht a eth rma (32) ae ge ote of od Yenc of td, bet of eat ig ¥ a Ye Te [bene ¢ a Lie alsa hme, lee") = €0) +407) + $0101.00), + lo. a 60 400, 6011+ ain) on ‘The nton (2) lately gue Fa, of es, we hae bmn nb aque San ery i) owe ath exe» wl Se) sal dant), (eter) ‘Ts (3) tw eae ene, (het) a det «A = BNIB, ‘Ts he Bster-Campbal- al mln sow atc hen ofthe ‘uc. with sal sa group bomemiplion (Se erly 3.8), “Another va of long tthe to ay hat Bae Capel ‘age ma sows tt ath roan tote ep ‘ene thet remade Li alien Te Sa ‘ete mcoerphi (ih y deften pares te Lit Sar ‘stand if we tne @ nn te ety then we ea apc To ecw hoa eae ena ey pec asf tn Heber ra tt mn, lc eel Trem 34 Spr X nd en cmp ms al a Port = "Keo hn 21 The le Canpbel a Reaorhe Heeae Grop— “hin ete epic (2) in wich th sn tian fer the ce Pro Come XY MC) We nl oa, 6 cea(oreare Sx) hid ces othe dnd ef the ae {= 1. Sie, ssp, TY} comma wth and he tee ein ee to rer etn en, ay oe dat by A) thee had eof (3.4) andy) the he aod ie Our rte wi bt sow tt A) and (sy he ae ‘leet qunon wth eh ne nied, Wecan ome ‘tae 2 ayoxey) (the other ho, ileeting A) by raf he prc rl ge Ho oxxere Big ererye tim eter FAM axa 9) (Pe carci eesti a by om ‘Now, ice Y mtn nh [XY al cme with e871, Tha, ‘ena rt the ig (5) can Be ote ‘he fet ea on he ih (38) wore comet nce X doe mak Ke ade xe =e Ader) sere), owe se (VX ~ = NYT 08 ox IF BE NT ri al ger erm eager, Using theft ha nrg commer Tithe gee5 The Bate Compe mule Phe BOO were bone celery) Maing hse tition it (38) gee BL orgretunxcemypperete sony, eter SO ape) nosy) = H1a+Y ere ‘Tus, A) al) sty the mame etl eqn. Mace, QQ) =") 7 Thay tan tiger reds) Seren inna, lt} fr alt Ping? = ester. 8 “Theorem 3:2. Lt H denote th Hosen rnp and) Lie ler. et Grte'e mates Lae group eh Le gem and ke 2 "90 ghee ae Sips ion To es Le ro homrertion aie fratxen, Prof Recal (Ese 2 in Cage 2) a he Headers ‘me sta poprty That expel api one one od nt ne og Ste the aver th map. Duan fy te le (a) =e, ‘We wl how tht # Ie pou meme EX aod ae inthe Lap of the Henin op (33 ally ope ta to), ten] et (8) sud matic commas wth both and Tha X ad ¥ cma wth {he sree Since ga Lie aera tomar, 6) and 1) ‘rile commas sith Uni contain 199.1600 607-006 ¥19 0 orien .eorl)= aim ie.¥1) 0 We want to show tht @ isa tome (Le, that (48) ‘SAE To show iene at canbe wat 8 a X Chand ean te woten ae tr ausgaeY © Tha, oy Than 3 22 Re Gena Capte aR (ay = ee) = (e040) ng he dita oan thet te ile Homer, vont 145) -an(oe 000+ B90) Ply, sing Tce 3.1 gin (pp to ee clans 9X) and) vt (AB) = eH = aA} “Th ta group momen ca toca that @ contin (ey eckng at oxy and yl tiny and 0 ea Lie gr ‘tocism, Moser, 8 edna ast it mins to 9. Firms sit opel ago i he tot oe wh Bo 3.2 The General Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff Formula he mot he ae Catt nea le ‘hart gorges) nears f teases of and Yat a rae hts lt wegen ry pests arty ta at {Et Sant othe tone Xl the ouput Se mae Lie (on, comgilyepraie tr ofthe Lis. Thebes Fate") and een, sso ee” Hi canbe unptad i Heagee ter by (821) "Nevill sae and pron ar rm of he Dae Campel- aod erator tthe frm (2), ome, he neg form sen aban te sed rat (2), (Sn Cray 34) Tae ‘st em th Bae Carpel anor fear ated pe ad ‘ove in Varadarajan (970) Soon 5, See in Son 38 “Sole an “Thi eon ene el nal the i inact ae nb spose ae wee Nam so sore Sater fer set om fa). Th rior feng ne ‘Sow: awpese Vie biledienconl ene sector sce. Chom a0 st bar Vs eel wth adh een1 Te Bair Capt Ha Rae fa tins peta on V cab died. Then fr my operator Aon with Tarp ete co stn wiay= Lo 1 Weare ody oe th ial of th Bakr Cape Hae bom ‘Theorem 3. (Baker-Carpall-Haundoeff), Fr lln 1 comple ma (reer and ¥ sh IX] and say sa wieeyexe [netonmnne ——ao “i pf hi hoe gon in Sac 3.4 i cater Note ta eae a ina cee pe te ant Ste) otis nse usm 8) opener inc Yin at Xd ar medal pen CoC ate he iy omer on Bee) O22 The St gener wl ded TF ot nth ep ie alee) = ale) = 1x2 St ee Capel Hot a de Ferma) ity trl aking Hews, nae ind ct he ae fhe ot it that coe) Tans 80" i tm ha sie qtr dy "Stns gal he ler Cpl lr hse oo cpt ley amy elcid en sip ed ah pene Sot iti we ma ei ot, SS Si eee the lr Cape Hn maa Hove ee iss na pln wi hsp oa Hida oy a ‘ems ns cami a cee we ef mtn Cn 3G wo yeu tema tha l ‘bin o 1, Yo, Wa Hoe ob nee ‘Smutty ent ocmta tne (P “PP, Of a, ft que aon py a nd one ot tp [AY “Ye) "HOE Howes fo tharhow po Ea rs a al ge oo: er Eni 8) Aton ice ot me a) opm yt ar th pf Lh ens cin gus nS ‘Wen maton tna rly i Ber Cab 22 The Geel Bale Compo or Cortary 34 G be mae Legon and 9 it Leer Supone fergspe stn) we Lidge homme. The forall fey eal X and ng. eet) sein. and leet] tale) an Pah The pet we ae sing tn (2.2) Note hat Xan ¥ ie seam lets thn ys ay il veg ray el 2 il eee) Th wines re (85) ble alee) Telit eminent eo eri (27) The tat a comer hon wi a sy expen vl “a rand and tm to che mane xen ls X and tpl by Jehan gt Meee pec, ie va Lin agen Homer, a1 = (67.200) aly (4) ~ ago (6D. More gray far) = Cato)" (0. ese cope E Sauter stay, alee) = earn (a, Ame naw that X ao Yat sll og thatthe Dale Campbel— ‘our forma apes 1X aad and to A) and SY) The ing ‘elias the negra od aon init the de, we tog(eFe = 0000+ f° = ans[leteentr 0] a a1) f Eealeemeten <9 wena c(t)73 Th Be Cane ori 48.8 The Derivative of the Exponential Mapping etn cenit he od fh aa Cpl Ha asl 0 elt seve ner de In ger, X and ¥ doa comet, and sero ee (owe, ee Eaece 4) Thin a trae ot a pata ssl (tit oa i doesn on “Tu, cpting bn ease (3) ite se competing al il ea too ar on of ahd ‘Nom th cnn en th poe Soper dek Doe ate ae ha adi of nrg) a ee ‘eps yin penta Aone Ste cence! vector ae ‘hn 3. Dara of pone Le andes sp (gen) eof am 24 The Demat he apa Maggig 7 More soe, 1X (0) sth marae cto, ten fersen(tze()) om $e tt tn aa 9 ea nn ech Soh X Noite) pecan (0 eee) = sn) eh, ae Be A ‘The pot here tone that of Taman Fe Deri of the Espen Maps ation er Mad ny 10805) AED, kp ty am (395 (10) as yen as acir)= Zero eae a an exe (Eerie 3) 0 to ht exp = MC) lO) © ‘ean ren ma, Th ptt ALY) Jay a Tum 0 and Yad that ear Seach and for = propery conc iets fantom fsa al) "oo ey ate ae my or foo Eee] am 1 Js) estate) AEE) one won 2) Sy) 29 ni hit ie hn eyo U9) Ya he “Teta sf) eel tbe gba te a ach tne tb se ano th tm gh ed723 The Ble Canal asa Pema id, Lo cnr wa pt a + 8 he a oe f(T {atria on tents omg) See ALY) joy onions wo ¥.thecgreion SX /m¥) testo (Yb wy ed hat ‘i079 YT ale aly to amet bao a soe) wtEe(y Set om ‘Onc this enn i se we tbe be at a + 6 esa nde re deo (Ste hat the ante [3 ae near operat ‘tedster spac, nae f(C) this wey n= tie The operation of ening i etc yw snp Stor ply ston i the to tren Th, ate ted Spe eign ys he Unt ANY) Pot tron a a fra ol is prtenting tat ad Ianto ber ht an esta) The wg he tal Tr fo ‘herum of ae gmat srr wo Be aE CR) fi alo Lie alta homaorpion, he a caapnting Lie ea cenesi # A» Wo wan osm thon 8 wine over, the Leng ap taste ithe compton th co Paxton afte Li lta mage (Past 3 tere 2) ic Host So, ty ary 232, 80 = fy Silly We Woo prc wih the po of Them 87 Pra. Sip Deine @ «nln th ei ‘Gratay 229 sas ta therein! apg or 6 a les ih ape 9 ahr Va he en nate ie ep tine V sal eo then ne cas st heal Ve hve ibe slg sal eu tat the Beant ec! hen les fo tien. We one sch ihr Vf tne ne ‘Oe he ghar V we cn fine #1 oy $4) exer) 216 Gray Vea Agia Homomerhiae TT (oun ea tc to be moira 6 a the hore, then ‘St be i yeh re) ‘Sty 2 Def log wth Rel et par of wha etn or abe spy ood i aie xno Rl a tht when weep sete, ele ha Girputcimmecad. By noe, ov know tat @ ran oa abc LaCie ena a oa path conned ad het ‘comedian ely patnsenecea) Th, fo ay AG, tere ‘ta pth A) © en af) = and Qt) =k Anda epee ‘atthe eps f the aal 1aos thtthe ext mere Siete tai toa fr aso tating e422 ta ler wae hy we Aa eV. (x) swe hae At) ¥, We ow = [1 Ae) tla) FA) A Sone @ ie seypn! toa hamampion rmoati to “fae” (4) 9A) = ADA) OAR ARIPHBEARD), — GH) ech tr the gt ti at Se hin al of 94) Sb i mt sh hat th ran {4} indepen th cee oe pr and independent he soe ‘Span gna) fz gen pa We ade Independence fot ns isin hcp nd only a he ste) tat we we the Bote Ebina trem To esate prt, st se ie opt a ten ‘he push inp, togrsn serom) Ree SE Serna co 08h ra ‘Stop, tow han net a eta pation pt» been ak (sue Thon he fac Aes) AE) (819) wb ep by AGA AGATE: Sac» betwen al he cnn (118) on aga! pata ene A) Al) a Ail) aia Ale A) Seal V Naw it flows fen Clay 34 tothe Bae Capel cer ems tne dean a Ste aaa! Rowena,P53 The Db Canphe Hoda arma ‘han SAB) = 4(4)8(8) al A a tty ch ote iy. (Wen plying be cory wot and Ba) The man hat (AA = AA HOANAL andthe ao of 4) eundaage bythe aon xe prion foi By resting hs agen, ata ab of (4) Sus ‘hae the tin ny Site ber of pots tote prion ‘ow, ny two patos they ave sre ellen, ely sno puna he aan A ap ‘tar the sel pain. This chs inepndsrn othe pron ‘Step 4 Prove independence of the ath ‘ing proved he the wae of (4) dependent of the parton oe ‘ae ats weno ned tone hn 8p a te ath 1 hs tap that ee the sinensis of ©. Sepose 5) aod A) veto pt ong ety tone A ©. Then, tice Gi oly ced, niet pagel epee ht 1Sd'4 ae homszopc wk ep fat Tha en hr xt ‘Satinons map 481} > 6 wih Alot Ald, athe) = Ae) AisQi=h, Ady A fora +6 ‘Toe comport of 1] 1] grat that te ene a nee 1 uch tht for al (1 aod (6) ol Ow oe] 2 358 hdl eh 3)N we have Ala Ae) CV Wet employ anda ‘Spal oStreAcatta ent y Tecas hat twig a sor Boy path k= ON La x ‘We ete at that Bul) cmedes with A 1/84) t eee Os (1) aod By) cine with AN) tee UN and For beeton (8 a ¥en By cle {he ales of A) an he pth tat on cls” the (lon Inet a Flaw 1. (eld weet fore he By, ih ea, ‘ate ltr cave ante ermal) Wen cpg By he ‘ota been Ot (1).Ne a0 Bal) = Akt) fe © al I prea Bol) = Al "We thin of eon th pth Ay ato Asn tps. Pi, we do gy a hei By, sl eh Pa {hi proces anil we reach By, which we Bally der a Ay We wan {Oakon ft the leaf (4) cape along uch thee ae the 26 Gly Vet Agra ocomertenm 70 Fig 21. tpt Bas nea the lof) opt lng heme. Now ett Aria Coa eek pt pane oe atin ak {amt ed Wty oe ay pres ef, fovea ion (10) anand Sor fr bat By and Buy, we nw the perinpins tobe “Te ay he eho gurantee that ii li ion, (Chek) ‘onze 9) eat tin vf 81 dept nt be es hep the aon pte, We he ces tpt nm 2 Sry the lst By al a al he asin i, (I thew eal 0 84) th mae oth eft, a eeu hte yea (4) compe lng Bath a se Men np eat Pn) = Banal) = 8) Thoth ae [Stic ene ews path on y= Bay al th wt By an the theta spt he uo at. Tash indepen ot ph ‘ep Prov that 0 i hori ad propery eel 8. ‘The pnt et ns humeral fcr tothe eater Se enc then io cnly 2 ery tat the feopr tetanic Home, ce # Sladen he at Tobe Peapeg log. mse th feeder 4x “Tus ¢ the Lie ale tnorpianamected to the le rou om rors ©.sigs emonrphians i Seton (Ota 3.7 Covering Groups ‘tamerphian for canbe expneatated to ge 3 La group bomomerpin, TF tot sng conmend haw ot (mara tro i thf ‘ble ook rane gov that hu ts Ls gras © at ‘chika esp coo Sach group call the eer og ‘Bony cs the neal cove af Definition 30, (a be a oma ie ro, Then owners comer tisrel cover of ts anpmace Le gy "Lie gap tomomerlam = Hs G much ht the us. ste Li alga homonarpim 6") ge Le alle omer. The amin a meri homamorian or roti ae miter G nc Hf ated tobe x mati Li ron A ced Toe ery cme ie rp ie oe xt nd ne tp “one ioriiy ne plied nthe wing the ‘Theorem 210. For pce Leg a wera cer ete ‘comet Liegrp andi) and (iy) ae uncon ones the tex Ee rnp eoorghio Wy yma tat yo = oe sal i ho The wi cesta lt Pc re) ‘wi ie ne ef fy egw (pw

an by =r Baunple = SO(n thi can he ier ane SU) and he coogi i tap Jd a Seton (Se a mpl : 6 = Ula ei cs, the ele i SU) and the conn aon the ap: BSC) + Ue) sn by 100) =o. en) sly conc (Apoons BR x lid te ee 1) a Not tha ance oth a SU) ae SU(m) simp connected Te ‘he Dept up ciated nung 4 6 ~ SOjn) ar m2 3, the eer come of SO(n) nce the projetion map tore). Th tet hat {Se adel rnp ofS0(0) (oS 8) hw sane Te sea ene Sn} Sealed S(t ay be contra a oan up ‘re sme he ClMord algebra ve See Bese od ton ‘un Chater, Seto 6 eperly Propstins Le 1 a L810, Inari Sonn) a snes Lie up. Thw cums n = Sandn~ te fhe Fr n= te hae (cane 2) Spin) = 302) and hr n= A we oem = sua) Sua a lof Ue exp the anor coe ts oto be gly Scnerofa cmp mtr irony awa gi, tnx 2 ot ‘omy coop).8.8 Subgroups and Subslgebras ‘an that HCG. Then, certainly, the ie algebra of wil be ule ‘te alga pf Dot the tet peo That en ‘eas Le pouy wih Le algsr gan uae So ete Tot Lie grup nat Liv igen nth cae fhe Hesenbors ont ase yes. Tis ds esas tte Hao Compal Hetned ol thm partes ser, Soe Buel i) gem Rowe, threat be ay mati Le Hcp ing tage sure Fr tempi, '= GLC) a »=((t)ht) ey ‘ue ait. Thi it onineniol lables a9 = oC) Tete wen eng ta tric Lie group Hh sg hen ‘ou tia these of all exponen cent a ely w-{(G2) Rasen tapes neranang te #{(S2)h0) Moree, then the Lc algo wou vo coin he Lie sgn | Hho erento aay lot et We can ge a atop acs ab stgtira ifn ween the soa tn Abe att Lie won the ‘Sinecnaay, esha ten thgh Het ac Definition 3.2111 any aroup of LC) fine he ie ler (FH toe of ll mae ch een} = oral alt Defiation 3.12. 116 ta mate Le gop wh Lie wn Ben HG ‘connected Lie wubyroup of the flo onto ar aii 1H ine abun of 28 Schou so Sgr 1 The Lic of Hs apo 5 Dr ee Han wn Be form B88, wth sine Cone Lesbo ne cle analyte nabgroupe The op ig (a8) 4 4 coed Lie mbgrowp 2 GLENC) woe ee {he cea in (0.1). Te word rat” he pe emcee Lie ‘Showup tied y the flowing oy ol Proposition 18 6 te « mars Lie gap and Hw mated bie [elmo thn i phot Tha any eo pit ca Be oma yon hg eH Poh wa alles to att any demon fH cn be cmt {oi ody by acu pth ping HIT cH then we we Baek, ME ‘in Canton 3in he fiaton, We aoe te path en by wo fee ig Re pak ti a in ty ean 8) = Tes i'l rat Auge fm 0 0 NP) Snowe the eect to "Besant etna By appli thi ces, wea ‘soe hob ey. 2 Proposition 3.14. 1/0 is mari Lic rap wth Lic ger g and 110 ened uo of oe alr' of Hr oa Pro I Ae H and ¥ ©, thn (AVA) = Aver)A™ bons to orl eal AY 4 ann Te te yo ot Sat Timren 218 1 ond Yawn hae have ee fn rl ‘Tote sic hs ers aod a) 2 pela ed tet Fite) we he es We ae eyo te th mala se fei scan, which oor seco tar apiation he Ble Catpsd) Heer enn‘Theorem 315, Let Ge a mars Lie gp with Li gba Lat Leal of The, tho ena «wg sna Lr rng Hof Gh ate bm of wb The any Hs ca hee wh ptt oh pe at od tin Seagate a a rae aeinte a8 nara te tae ne ‘pend sns ecaaie 1OS CLC ad eee {eli eins een a aaa vane (SoReal cpa vests hee 2 ir Coin on tel Sl a oy netgear won Pista io Yon action pote Sec yeaia oapniuomey tar oak et ee ne nace ee, Sint ide and bw hates ety, Be ‘Cpt Had rman orn eal enc Say ne Seashore ae Proportion 3.18 Supe a! G ie ema ie os th Lie alles ‘nde that bis bes of. Sr tnt Fa sone re ‘eg uth Li bend il 8: FeV se Lepr heme sere ont ft 8 eer Kno rol 8) se mage of Facer 9) ee TOW Hei Pr Lt Hb tb oan Li barony of GW alps Sie F ‘ermal, mens af Fea iin ae Any ene eet Sn ety dane of (Fan be mtn st iap ls) see ‘hee ty saaptan, eX) ©. Ties ta) He Ca {este leat of H cat be wen ae Bt exp exp Ye ‘ih HER ~ ah Chening Seen fh 9g) = Ye hae th Bo Sexy By)- Hemp enh swat 80, 3 1H js some Lie gr ome rp Gt ogy bat nhs bet of may be epee bel “sn dk les 0 ae ac Uag= [AX eb awd IX ce ‘8 Sanpete 8 ow dior tepals on Ha low: Ase U CH open reach A thee eines Uh tat Ug © Ub ti tpg wo elements A Bot undone cane ae B= Avy nih Xe ad ‘Tle oplgy oe ch he op Hit at SU cP acl in the sl wt i hn hay te Che nthe Sew TED t' onnced Lie pro Gin an bo soma hatin hic enti, H upg mana Puthrwor Hane made to ‘Ssh uty anges ure socrae eiirle ‘ing the qua inthe eo Aen a ta corn Te pdt ane mes Hf re moot i pec oh ot ‘nfl ect, v0 Hci i ay edo i (pape, Comparten Le Sebo it Chapter Sf Va (189) ‘Theorem 3.17. Supoe heli a mee Li rou comet Le ‘lgoupof Then Han be gen the sate of Lego ch © ‘opt ton of ite Ga ie rnp homomarpon cs H an de nt a erp ha Li alain the sk pen CThis i alga stray omer a he alien ‘da ih Ty The B17 an Ads Thao Toes 2a wh ctv ae pene} py he ewig a “Theorem 318. For fiiteimensonl ra Lic ages iwomorito he epi of ome Le roe. ‘Wem tm te Tee 35. ‘Pro, Sae Ge ame tobe ati Le goup we may a wl ee t2a0 = CnC} tnt p= wl) (Afri Cts cel slap GL) ad Ha conaetd Lisburn af U0) wh Le sien 1 sind i then abo sos! Lc ou of 6) Ain fhe raf of Tare 227, ne hina gC) ae Raa we dope nse) ate de an of band, where Dh rhage eth ree the wl ne podet ot Then eden in the ‘ef Teen 227, re nt ihe Vand Vf th angi nd ‘ae an arn Wot tC) ooh th Ae ean Aree” ax “ee p= vevbfen)85 The Bae Campa at ste ti rl the maa cio with be poo of ‘he them Dene i be the et ema A e GLiacG) a nb ‘peed in em ep Xp xp some Bite lon ‘clas fh Tie se bby eon, sed wer mattis i cl under ners te nmap expN) Son Hi ‘htop ef Gin-0) Frere ms byt desion Centon} ithe detonated Ln sag, rei ny so Hate He age of et bebe lane Cla 98min so hat Nn, Sappos Zane Then, (S29, may we, oe “ where Xt) UC Hand YU) € VC D and whe X() ad Ye) ate ona ne of Now: th el) ae 0) lng 1, ot tice Hea snp we concladethat exp Y(t bo bon oH This smart bie ete Bea cy nal) we ‘tent ncusVidating Lena 3.1 8, {mat baat, ‘hc ¥(0) = th mone tat Y(t gual sre. Tae Seema we to exp 2) = xp) ad here 2 = XQ) This sa Z ai we come at “SE. suman cyt rove Lemma 310. (Ts rot th cay ce we tht Sent) sn tu lp as emma 3:20. Pc «Sais for andl on clan of rational ite ite airy fo th basse aoa ‘hen, foray 30 ed ‘iy Ae He tht atonal ments Ry eof ck ta ere Xen an XT <8 Prof Choon > 0 sl sonagh a te Baie-Cnp a Haa - tla pine all Xan Yt XT an Vlas CUNY) dete ‘Sau ean lo he ler Camp Hauer aro a GE ai ny, eames [YY] <1 not Id oe that he fuston (XY) Now; coe <> Oamal enough that [CYL < ef al X and ¥ wih PE] co and [Ye Stns sp. ~ fl) seo ment (a ns wt nar ow) 25 Sago and hilt fo se en XX i ih a <2 R= Io ‘Nor; fame sates of os), O(X 3) wl ey ag, stoma oh sit oper an nk othe ban ef he Habe Com He rma fee's ora at PY tnt ary cl CLR Ns) a a ain [ae (Te seo becase and; tra a a is CU, 2) ‘em aha) The we hve och 8) ne y= (RCH). Now, Contin and (C1). E(% Na) = CU HG) HU a] = sae (XX) oman wh ale Th fe choc ley dae ieee ty ww el hae [a “Wei, ht (220 my even at eer, ainda eX) ha arm les han 2, Apsng he ‘ee wpm ya 3 we ota An PM eh oniing 0 the ame wy ne wey aan Big octets eth Ry acy aon a he ey a tags we com Ry 6 hat Tender At dae oem 3 ‘Wer aepty th roa af an 3.19, PoP Xk with XY @ ts no ele of She fr Bein wth 2 ‘Bow tat aay nen mates and ¥, |geremy mixer aig ti show thatthe map exp: Mu(C) > Mo(C) i entity "Hn Sy tha thsi fo th epemil apng oan ‘thbmly oat the hem [|X] He oat how ta the ‘Sie frm ena rst so eoerge em fee st (Coop Then 717 ain 19) ‘Show ths ora an to (enn YX an ¥ de et comme Sree ene) Vb gn ed eral a Compe (e%e) then hed ren X and Y Uy ing the power seat ged agit Se ge ee {ag tig nnn 35 cpt hw fr Bae Carp Has ema hong ours ack (We ave teat cnet py hou here cet) ‘Sipps tn and weap ang motos with ers on the ‘Win pet tiie the ber Capa ar a baa scat " ‘ive an eupl f mat Xan Y tm 2K) sch tht thar does exe np 2 a) with exp Xo) = ap 2 Ow Ese 3D {Csptr 2 What do ts athe sel of oping the Baker np a nat XY? ‘Spice Sg nti a Tere 7 by hong hat a eld tn'Sege 1 isu a bomerpion. Gen AB, come © uh Ae comming fe) A ad pte Bi) smn ft The, ‘et a pth Cty ting C3) = Aa) fe O's = 1/2 ad ang te) A Bar te =

tinggi f6 3) OOF 4 fea) ete te > a 4 Theale Repetto a2) 1 “is shows a th map A (A) Rooting te Hee reo (a) nap sn ei gs tty ay een TA) ci fe ining hen ming / on ot i mip Jy san Makar he fmt oa te of unig Sc tear pl agin the Four ear (h C= pation by ene 2), then Uy ak UE pile comm ba Uy be my pean 8 ina fbn al an at) ee Bop ope taro) penny rary an oars ‘ice hn the repent eae ep th ae Mime fo a ene) i Aw ty ty fon ean Roe tn ery (oT ceo ot Radi) at bt 8B) pen Sedan Fathom tha rp to eu) Sn a oe Iedacie way rote Te ly ans Sinem epee Tg en ~(i)- with a8 € R. (he May's ae the tie nary repr a Shek the etre ceva) Th foc sha he Mya he las {eal ft aay cations) ee wary preety oie ‘Slat Sled tt ckted Sone Von Neca rm tae ‘epost Snr example et nod Sine (07) Then SES se Biron 44 The Irreducible Representations of su(2) Ines, we il empute ptosis lace cops toe fe Ll ef Te cto ‘impor rl ems te ot py of) at tapers a) ao peel (Toe option wl ‘Sry of mt) wan mug empl fw oe cman tne to determine the rept Lt lef the th pos ‘herminng he peesnatos of espe Uren (Chapel ‘ne nl exp the repeetaton hry fa). ‘ower fiste-dmesoel emporio To 2) extends ty Proeiton 48 to cpl ear prt ell) thea4 Rae Tay orphan of m2), same 2). (cal Seton 29.) The eer ‘So fr to) fro an ely ft cel pesto ‘rece ain by Propo 46. "Wee, tn a ching he ee repeats of 2) ie inlet to seving tin retin (ccnp) resins SEE Fig he isan aon ti tone ‘Nel ot hing a or we (4) ()¥=(10) (iia) = 2x, ery ae bers UY Sa (Gutedineoicnl comple) vcor pace td A, B, wd Care pets on Vsti (aa) 28, tac] = 20. Iaci= wotee) elt) oun a il «pean of 32). ni a {§at2.c} wh dimen ms Ay ta eee mprsentton fal: C) {2a he ane denenion oe tt. sa ce eset {Fae ein hen on ern Poole = bea roe preition f 12.0) cing on ie iy ofan spor ot aot i) See Hee the, beet ne ae wring oe th teal clad) Bl pe ‘Sei a te Ei te ec ‘emma 4.10, Let bean eentr of) wth geal. The sp ()u fb eee Te ace Regret of) 18 ‘hay eer X)u=0 or (ui an eget for (Hh gemae 2 Sinton seer = (e207 ta ether {Yu =O or (Pa ea gnc fr) with gnse Prof Wc (ha rang operte” aca a tet fag ‘Soe a2) ty smd el (Ft “owrng oper” We tet Ho) = wl) = Be), Ta pt) 01) = 2608) Uae) =H) +2600. {ftp (X) = AOD CH 6 2 (CH) (an)+ 2010 lata Say oP] = 2, a, (H)e(") =P lt) 2007) that tf =a(P ete —2007)8 ‘= 20078 (a= a ‘Aare te tered, ot] mt atone (04 0) vwahsane numa 9 €© By ena, HEX = (0-4 CX) sp (X)Pa= (a ttn) “This wma haar (Xs = Dor HX a lwmecr r =) ‘Non avapro finite dimen pan cama cy Baty may in mae Tn the =X) camel be die roe se ‘Tea teen aane N 2 Dou et64s Ratton Try nates ronan 0 (Xuan = 428, Then, la =, an Hg = 0, a Dane ws ‘Thee dee fer 20, By the sc part ft lena, we have dag = AB 49 ‘Sey exc ly ly ay eras te ws at ern 4.31, Wa the aw ntton, rma =[0-K- Dany (E> 9, Foye =D, ‘Poa. We paca by nd on nec E= mente ht = ‘VI tg the comma li (Xn = Ul be 0X) = (CP me = (2H) + Co However, (na = 050 me pst 4X) = a ih he ana te = ‘ow by date y= Ve, Using (48) a intone kav rags AU) e OP me (7) +g = a{EA~ Rete +A —2h an SIA 1) Bia Splint lt egreion ie te ei. o Sec hav ty ty any ern a al wyanites 40 44 The ei Reon 2) ns = AI 0 Non ges =O, a, ets Xn Then, y Lema 61, = 20 t= fom TA +e = (+e Mowe, ty # O and m1 4 0 (ace > OT, er to hae {irr 1 ie ao, tt hae A= mre m3 200 ‘atin ge [i ak shows hae thier of (8) ta at ‘thm 28, at be a ner) ‘Wiehe wade omar pos. Given fiateinesona acie sepronance Fo a8C), ating nope th ea apm > ‘Sh wot ects pag se (pti eg om) 4 = (2805 sm =ann, (hem, Hm F(X =m Hear (E> 0, ree (am ‘The vectors tit be wa independ ice ty a go> ‘ctor of rf) wi dine gears (Propet Ba). Maren, he (ont)! span of ar aly nat eer ri), fang at ee lr (2 ea 2 2,6 Se x we ‘Webi wetter incl epesmtatin of 20) ot the Sm (0) rama to ew ta evrything te rm (10) ‘epson sn sh tree Tim define x), Xan UV) (10) hae ae ae mien Sh sh i ye mn tertile. Oo wa to do thi to ow tha te repeat ‘cede pr nn ae aif he a 0), Ara, ‘recan dcty check hat peratr dei a i (410) ray dost the ‘3G5C) cmmuestion relations (Esch 4), and tse prove Wry tn {hese wa the pote Propoation £8. ‘We hve no seth there an reducible rerio of 0) ch ig 1 wing et) tw Sowa tht tinned peta 12.0) mat tsa theta (430, elles ta ay tw rede repent of 32.0) of cimenson n+ 1) mst exalt fr i By et Ince weet of dens (m+), ncn on space Ve od Uy thn anti nt (410) and hs sia ais105 4 ase Rapti Try i. Honors hn the map 9: Vw sede we 0 il ‘satin sf pnt Sra mame tong il eae Ingatea the (rnc eprint a Sr ‘Simao (0) Taney ice url Won = cores sm. ‘Then dition rane = nas (mand ina t (¥ ie = (set tn run Bean Th nly hn nd Mth ene on) Howe, ec sop se a al) = AmB aes = hn = HAW “This comptes th rod f hte 4. ° we nk crf a the roa a Ten 49, ht i eget an tl shina seat ae dimesoal oo aaa oe op ‘matin af2/C) la paresir,wtsdiing (10) c mpe ‘snot erect: ete tt the ton (1) Son hn alti ewig rea hot airy fe da ‘orecatatear af AC), Theorem 4:32. Spe x any ftedinensonlcmglectner pre entation of 2 C) actin on espe. Them ete he lita 4 Bey egnete of (1) Bo ier 2 Ife lv nonce tment of ¥ sucha (X= 0 ond stv = 3 then thera nossa germ sch hat X= mPa he ‘Neo e(¥ untae nary degen ad ee ‘Seale iran vega of oneson 4.5 Direct Sums of Representations [toad mle then tm sone fcc oes te ea eich td td lng wn cats frome ty det some nai, en Foo ee ta an an repent lion 418, Ge a mate Lie group ae et ly bm rennin of Gctng otc pcs Vy. Tn te ae $m of yh oe prevention I "Ty of stn om Gmetad 6 Teer Proc Renttins 107 My BAN) = CAA) forattes. Sinan 9 «Bie pry andra ar eprvntine of a octing om Vivi ene deft elm ‘etng on Fo By ne ee) borat xen tien hat Th 08 ala “Kinga rary tht me matic i pong a lg ase ‘ech empl ruc property. This ane heey Slee prota tage to nde! van fires repeat ‘meh pwn sow we nl hs dle ental, Kc ‘Sun By man ope aps 4.6 Tensor Products of Representations 14 a ¥ befits vac ver par We ws to "We wi tenses fra produc” ofa lent of wth ‘ent Vent The ee U @ Ve ten the mse ae ‘Sb nd rte, ht te pc of haa oh rm aim tom Ger +-~ + a9 Oe an fate to be ntaretad prodthn tsl be bear; lu ten}on wele ta We pat aetme tt the pore comma (In fat be pada ‘epee 0 in ir ap, tums VOU) Nom isnt te tea be Ua ff fat 9 a i V ‘he ing bina to a hah he ar (1) teks wton ws Ener cocoate fin anni fl ft ‘rer reasonable to expert that {e1@ f= 41 = j =m] sold bea ire ace V7. Thi a Yr ott teeDeflation 4.14.1 U and V oe fntesmesonal elo comple ector ‘per, ten 9 fonsor produc of th esr a Wy tee SENS Ns ra: Ea ihe fy rope ts mop of W ito X nach hate along agom cnatas oN ee x sige in oer Jaen tiee cen ere tr "Theorem 4:16: /U an V ae on fntesmensonl lo mp ector son, hen a enter pod (0) ene. Frere (We ap ‘Ser pm Ta Wid) oad) ie se eter pu woain 8, oxy tw, oN ee Suppor a (W, 0) tenor rd a Bat bf ation Ten end SISA Sem) Pr. Bue ° Nolaion 438 Sn he tne pc of Wand ential is ant lt UV amas ohity or feds nd er ae td f th. In Bo teat Tero i ay Sat Si Scat 2S shot rar ep ein im U9 ¥) = (ane) (oat in + din). “Th dela property of VO ica the universal property oer rol Allon totem lat eae an peed aig ‘cise oS etl Spe ‘Stat diet odio Tom sets hf 8 {Re ik iy dcting lcm sb nt ht wold ce to ory ne ‘ee tg depron te ef oe) Now ey at of UV i ‘itor mba of thingy teem Heme, he peat 6 Teor Prot of Reptatins 108 strom ung. (Sine ay f= +m, th cn ee WO a Noermee) “Taw yo daton 7 by nat onto eens of fom ww vwetieovcry shat nse wel ned. Te mae he ea rp eater Sopp tte) me ilar exron (0) ‘Tom th lpr) a cl ht te a Ted eum tat To) ~ stu ‘ho cons i th: We an df ar map Ton Ub deing i slemot othe bm 4 anew be wl eid rd tha ey iar (0) lain pp nse he Proposition 417 Le end V te aie dimensions rel cme wor mee Let AU sal and Bs WW" he iar opts, Then thee eis Tine tne opener fom UV 120 BV, otal A@ By mach Uoaiven= (aso) porate mde V, a Sopra dD a ope (a9 B)(As0 B= (As) 9 (BBD) Pro Dalioe «map bom Ux V ito UV by su) (40) 9 (8. Se a B a ina ance 9 oa, lb » ar map of ev mto UV. Hoga oe he ra papaya hte ‘cae! la ap 9°02 -+ UT sch tt Fla 0)~ #44) =(40) 0680) ‘Tan, Fi the deel map A B. To. ft andAyare jeri U a Ban Bs roprtrs on (4108) (41 08,) (402) = (As 0B) Aan 0 Ba) lend BBs ‘i sty © 4a 9B = A) wt ath nh (nc of 8), (84 2B AB) Sian) 9B) tbe oul an the we peeWe ate noe ry ode tse pens of reatton Thee ae so ieee to tha, bth of wh a prt. Ti Bt op ‘rh starts with tpetenatin pou wcting oa apc a trois gt tn oss Od dc {Gs gece and Vand prs rapa cg (V.But oth appro ab napa py Le lis Defieition 428 Le G a Ht mee prope Ze Tb pron thn of ating on 9 gece and ee ngeettion of ating ns yaceV Thon the tensor prot of yan 8 rent Sty of GH cting on OY cel Homan) foro AeG and BH. (A) 9148) ‘sneha pi ef ck snd 8 Now, God Hf te mates Lie gape (Le, Gis cn agony of Gincc) and sso stg of Lim.) then CH en be ‘eel i vis ey aan ipo nm). Ta ie Way to en tree Lage of GH tome tothe ‘um ofthe Le sgt oan the nine Tih of Propane open 5 Ny of GH ie content he ares Hr a Te Mae en presiaton a got wha ot ht Proposition 410, Let G and H te mar Legros tT, and Ts Be Frattini an ae eins Tafa. Lt rom, dete he ane epee te Li alr rth nancy 93. Then fr aE wed Ch nomiXYi=niertrent) Pra, Sapper ha (smith uve in ad) sot ere in Than we sey podactrn tm Ut th)2ult+ A) ul) oni Ho) 0 p28] Meshoniten alts Nout) , wien act a, a oar =pafuesne ee 6 Tomer Proc o Rgratitins 11 deanow) “i eg tn cu ome #8) wo sene$, neni niece = dmenier eres] = fmve woe (detnl_) ovens (mero) Bist ie oir = 014 ps) noma e ion 4.20 eta be ie tata et yond be epee {tna of an cing on peer and V. Then the enor produc of and tr deol my, mgrnntaion of 924 eng on UV " penieManiertrent) fort Keg md ¥ 1 cy occ tht ned define « epsaaion of 994, Note that food mh rlX¥) = A) na) te wad nt e's reornattin of 9, this oto a tp fee ml Key s2t8¥)= am, @r(¥.0)) Noe a ta the bore dete ‘pb ni ad ro not ome a repeat ry at Lit senator of G, ang on cee Vom Us The, the toneor Dred of Aen ye ogrnnaton of stg on Vf Boma) =m(4) oma) frat ace. Proposition 422 With he ve ntti the racist preentation of fee ale ter nonit)anitpertrenc) fort 8Prag he pod ae nenuniven)= fl menuem(ere "Sues ene Destin 4.23 fg Le ee nd yaya resentation of 8 cing om paces yond then he tena product sad ‘epsetation of wet on he ace, 05 fe by non =niX)eF+ Fenix) foratX8 eigen och at, alr esta repeat Gad apcelyThaes sate ambiga th enn my, At aleve nd ebro fhe ea Oy me oui ti eth tava repeeaion oC, tig = ‘Detnon We wl on cate on ewe we Biking lh 9th asasmpemiaon ofr Gora vegetation a ‘ogi lof; wea pretation of ayo ln be edhe, Is i lratunl one can atom to desma a sm rele ‘paso. This rom ir le the Clabce-Gordan har Ia the fie of SU), the ny ately ile (the eet, the ies analying tes rogues of SU) cael ‘tie of ange neti) Se eee I ad Append. 4.7 Dual Representations ‘lmao VL dente the an pero the ac oa atom on V (Se Sen Bh As ae opror (IV tea dante the dae np operator on (arey(o 9040) foe 8 © Vow © Vt ba fo Vy then tte «uly ‘Scnd Sa tc 06 wt he rope tht) = a Ty ‘he mars fr" in the dt ts sa the rape i he eal ‘cts of te mao Ante cil bss Net ni SPSS ap na ar eat ae us" 16 acting efi Sinenlna er oe. Ten th doa pre ‘entation ie athe pretation of ating on Oe my) =n Simian f+ & petition of «Le aera g acing ot ft ‘nso tarp he he eprenation of 9 tig on V™ Foy = 09" ipl dete Ig) ~ Hg Ths wo ot be wept, we ted {iter tnd te i igh a=” er ton al Ypres ‘sm ay eta The ora as ‘tp man pepe od pontine re summa in teow ling elemtry propio, hae ros a a an nee the ee (Gere 7 rope 4.25 ta rset of a mati i oC, te (1) Tarai and ely fl sree a (2) (I) omar I, Sind stents ply fo Le slr erento. 4.8 Setur's Lemma et and te prema of tee ie romp, etn spaces V ‘SW Mechs intertwining mp of wpetaton ae a> tay) = 214) (60) forall ve V and al A. Sehr Lem sete npr el ‘chal boat tertvining mae toc npreenatins, Part of ‘Sins temin sof ead comple eens, at of ‘appl ely ce eens ‘Wied oa tate Seba em imstanons or Beare snipe Incr mr nig ah {easiness een "Theor 426 (Sea's Lemme). 1. Let V and W be etc lo eompler ngeetton of on Te Mam hdd SU ow be srg map Then, het eae a emery14 Base Repontton They LLY be on rede comple rpoentaton of « op oe agers tedltgcV co teen tering map of ha Then = 3, Jorsome NC SW be mt mp omnis of go Brad forvome dc. Bebe pong Shas Lame we alae care Corollary 427 et I een reduce compar presentation of Tae pony lV Ain he contr ofG, then HA) Seni roan ‘ror snp mpreraon of Lc etry andi Xi eect Fa en] =O foralY 29h ens) 3 ‘Prof. We prone the op cats po of he ie ag ei a Maton te ee f Cahn fr al BG, rama) ~ ma) =A) = Homo ay ely ht) a ner ma of the sce ih ‘a Sty Pane af Sour a A) wip thet Corollary 4.28, An ruc compl rst of commutative [pow or Ei eine i oe Senta Pra Aga we re ony the op cue. 1 eat, he he eater alo oy the pes aay Ta mail a the Seity fre A € Howe, the nh very eapc ef e ‘Sela! Ti the sly way that V ea alto ha sone san ‘te dawns (Reo eh we doen aon V to wr esa) We ow poe te poof Sr Lem Pr Ann me ipo tthe rp cme poof the ale ate ee a the dios ntti hae. Tra of Pt Sang that an tere map mean 9 A)) = Ab(ge) fray eV anda ACG. New pe thr ba) Tey a4) = BLA) =. “Triesows tha er ean varias of VS V ete, we Int hav ee = Do har = "Tn eo t-one o r. “Sepp ¢ ane tone Ten the tage $s ome sap of W: (onthe ie tthe noge of 9 vari, oe © W tot rm ‘toe ane 42 Gay Yo Lit Age Repeat 18 BlAjw = HAV) = $A. sn We a ig) i inant mk "eel of Pot Supine at Va ede comple: repre section te hee 3: or a an eetning ap of to Sell Th ‘Geo nt (3)

0. Ti rato writin pm ‘fs ss npesenaton of eC) ten wtf ald 0B highest weight for ll wept af an nth htt ate her a oe ar example oy "oy ner gh oe tha 0. Tn pari ‘orgs tint ne tf wt ed et ve ache net (othe {SC (0 = a) bw hie hen). Nate as tte oe ad ola hve tote tage, vn fot ed be ee oo, For ‘tap (0) higher han (0) se (0 = fo, ‘We a mo ay fost te nn thao egting the de eprom of: coon lel be nen oe ih 1. Ber red pretation x fos) th tam of ts wih sp a i di) manly eae 1 Brey pwr of MO) 9 sls ht ht To emda memset of 9:0) wth he ame Met weight 4 Ife on ue preston of 93), ten he igh gt fn af the form p= fmm) sh my any bg noengativ itger 4m andy are nonptite itgr he ther eit on ieee ‘ctation +0136) wih Mae tn =( 3) An nde par (on) wth mand mk omg ales cate drial ng emest Those 3 eo ha he Meo Sit of nt edb resort o G:C) + dann tea ep tty a oi mg UGnor meg une rtuete erento Ser (10 = Jonson td (ots fore fon we me that ry doom nega seat ihe than ‘eo Hooves yb code aad gir tan as Sore sce ts at a rah 1 goer ian se bt bot cena) tigre swat on domi eg lens xr 8). Te tre mae ng te vn he pce of wah hat the ‘Epeainic oe eonnale oy aa he yo se sgealoe is Boe we ne node he Wl tp Gon 88) ee15 The Repair of U3) Pig. 61. an angi 4) i a) son a i wit et ake Sateen oe esa ee ere eee ec SOUgouAAiS hock oes HOG gs ea es og eo Se ey sik eel ay eee a ep nr couse dren tearm see rere emma) Eh da Tne be igh ow mms mot be neg a sumtin bs th ht gh er eagle het lowing ‘Sala the denon fhe epee wh gat ih (nh ‘aren 510. The dneion of he denen wth igh Rim wwe hose tm ‘Se amps 192 Seton 243). (Hamp ae oA) a A) ‘We wl not pre for Im cma ef he We charac ‘Erg wih educa inthe one ced ge Lic ates ‘i etom 74 and 4 Proof of the Theorem eit vce tne to pov These 6.8. The poo wl cori of Propostin 6:1, In ery ruil prescntation eV) ofe(%C) nt) nat an be stancnay gonad: ht Vu te det of ‘tri sce. oo et thc am he eit Vey ten of senoar gemeta o =) nd ) Sce Propeton ir alae nr tom whe 2 (0) "Gut he na Lene Stl uM Zi 08 wea ore cog thn ot 0 nr) hehe i ps erp {othe gh space Comsping to, Tis at ue wee et tes my ni te tin NEY {awaran unde all of fC). Than, by ied, W = a esti 312.4 resefation 0,1) of 3) adobe o Right ih pte rpsentton th gt = mh) eee IL i wet tor wth wh, 2 sone = ete eile tan ace of Vcontaing vi a V. ‘se eae vector for = Propstan 8.2, Lt (5) Bea het wet ep presentation of AE) wh igh eT fo Ba ght weigh po nd 2 Tatton orndin tthe Mtg pioneer re ting 2 re fis propetion, t os reed se enn tint apt arty gar a which le et abo ‘hen ea see tes emma 8.4, Sapp tht ny Lc eet th ia mgeetatin Spa Sea tee ean odo tana for ae cor ce The, SM caso of fore HUM) AK 05) en be epee ina smbnaton of er af the frm UXayPoa(e efor we ere inch em tha Hit e's arene ees (ooo i mal196 5 The Renaattin SU) Pond Ue tsa ow he a nt ae 2 CV he iting de Avy penn of am sate tem Gh & alte sl 2 cme re ti am (X49) 10 tens rey to 9 ‘Mf a xa) Ht tea me eon Se = NC HR GD = ance Soest), an ers i cs arth strata this fwd te igh Idd enw t nr cmbaton of tems ef te ons) “Te ro tesla Ae the the see re ait oN tr lo ae ‘he 1 cas a i be ee a end ena ‘creme FURL egaa ih hg MMos mothe tr of) oh tone ne sma ei tg th wh) (G3) Ae we mone othr egy esl gee mult em saa ih tno rt trans can bh ‘ntton poise Tas we typ street ay ‘Seer wh oe tom vig ft ad ba etn Ck) fay oto te) . ‘Were pcm wih the roa of Popaion 513. af et oe en Coser a WY w= nO) a0 os dh wach egal to 20 3 mdm 0. ( n= 0,8 unertood at snl pl) La ht i aes "by ing the a We tate a our bs sf. teens Ne Ray H Yr Yad Yon tt rH tye sen wy ‘ie oe Liga te, he ana tates Fete {he relting wer a's Sears af em a wi the ACE) ‘tH he Uy at wc and Eo (etl i a ef tae ti apoio th ete v. Howe anand hy he "er avng «ye power fay Xk imply ae a wae i ‘he (oe hating om (ls hat ade). Fans ‘tener fe si) and so tor =) sting on ean be ‘pny cotati onthe weenie: That ew nr. ‘Fe apd to, weet we ae pt or mation st ste th i 8) Tso tat Win Sy See sultan vcer wht oy ~e S, spying am epee Set tat lca ft km (28) ier be wii et Seb weitpo rion man. Tha V = opened Oy togehr wi Sin vcore wth es omen. T he it wei ot ter etre rei eet ir ih in eis le ha in Fae nt he wih are ot tet tension al the ema ‘Seraponting ach tins eat) Ue lon oe Propaion B1 {iat atc a ctr can be ng marth wep oly ale (ee lar a ie me ae wea mile of (Apt the Proprio [ory r+) Hs ewig {Ci eqamd by dhe rooting np ee ean Proposition 8.1. Bury educite representation of KC) Ha Nght bts mprsntatny ithe hight eh Prof Uniques enmity the pees propio, he he we lw tn went be Da scm oft waht ep Ss i epatain dimna re ed any mie os hae mt 8 le ‘oi de tn (hth th sen tha yo get Hare a ee he oe yer s(mu= a0 }=0. (Por ota an (Xl bea weit tr with ei po 0 10) ‘Sacer = acumed rab the salieri slur oli ‘mnt the whe spc, tel, presen hight es oa . Proposition 5.8, Bry hit wih le esata of 3:6) se rebel Prof Lt (eV) be ahi veh cee rsatin vith is eh fd gee mor yep ey (Popton 82}, 7 deem se cm fede estate5 The Rapti of SUB) ve@% 60) By Propnion , cah fhe the cts of ei pen Since th we ote in emt can ef [Ts lo em ‘Propataa B14) On th ota hand, Propoon 93 sy hat th ht ‘pate orepending ye eden tae [ap ont) {he ony sector nF with eit pr Th, ms ota Home, ht Wt ara mapa tang 208 = VT tae On ‘ee in he (50, an ec . Props 617. Too iach representation of iC) wth he same Ines we oe ope Pra. We sow ow hat «rept ee doy 1 Iie igh cytes Supa it (sa (nV) eto pre tats with the same iit wei ot be th be eee fie aad rapt, No celeste proctaton VW ad ae {ve malian mapas oY BW cota the vce oe By delim Us higae weg ee tepaeatin,Tln M sete by Propaiion 816: Cooter the two Speci” mape Vows, Agu) = vad BV ew W Are) =e tis ‘ayo cink that Fat Fs interning map ect Tere Sie the otstne 0) and Fy ea eV OW wl i be rng "Now ata Fy mor Fly tbe oma ne Sth ae one on (ou) Moree U1 and” ae alec Tre, Sa Ini ean apa wh od yon meron Propet 5.28 fs en irdeto of 8), en he Ie wet oi the orm (mm) ‘thm ong ing om esti ne Prof. Waly ow that al the wig ae fhe fm (mm) seh aad bang tegen. We sho ta = (ae Ti een mand ma are both acai” Fo thy ‘ae what wn knw abt the prenatal) lr ami entation of (€) wa i ml ng = fr) ante BOS te ete with ei other west hae f= Xn = (iter, ou ot be hight) Tare 2" ped te se Se do iy. Ny) one tat ms ts ma Proposition 5.9, andi are non-neaie ge then e t (Sree spsettion of 8) ah get weg j= OM) ‘Pro, Note tha ie tv rptaton fan ee specetation ivi So et tt erat Tit ro ete werent ith det ier 4,0} wet) The vt sealed fandamentalrepreventatons ctor se sand pronation oe {Uvion na The epoca shora oe eee. The a ‘Sterile e,e,aodehch hae wet 1,0), (eet, wapectely Tie hah lh or he sod psn io. (const an iedaierpettaton wth weight (0,1), 0 moa tie tan pation Spy dele 72) foro 2 © 9), Ung the fc eat (AB) " =a 24" = (2-2, so tas 4b sally mention (Tht Samp oth dl ofthe “and spelt, wed nn 7) hi so ely ee Sol ht rpeartton empl ade, ba thi ie wh ‘e150, (et and (1) The igh elt fri open Fa. Tue (rr) dente © an oy the standard repro aed et dees might mete orepending tte be We (0 (So 1 Sb Jt one) note acted ny te oeseneation 10 sd (sadam nw eter th ho wel (01) (89 (000) Now sms he twos Keoneehenene-e%, ze 20 (B.C) on hope ie Za (ale\ete--0) Tuen@elonans--+Ue-efengy. 6m)105 TheRepesmadin of SUS) ‘Then, plying (6.1) bows hae Fellas = Myo Fesmllipiayc = Mane Fomltor ne seal albany 0 an) ny td (me = (20 <1), Hower eb enc te sae ae ce ‘Ste rth of 2 le i gi ‘Sel nh hgh ie (ma) ee, by Propo S16, ‘fa Net em. We hae now compte te poof Pane 9 5.5 An Example: Highest Weight (1,1) ‘To chal th ieee rept with ght wei (1.1, we ae ‘ppm ta the tor produto te ee pests vi ‘wigs (10) mo 1) anthem eee eta ain nape triable ott fr he esa (10 a (3) Ut ‘one epee th wih mers oe =) (83) eth sada bn clasts, nmi, Th oem eo . 15) Hie)=0 Yeel=6 Now the more with he wit (1) he pretation a) Perea) aswoe forall 2 € 86). Th, x2) = Z Note a 5 AnBaamoi Hat Wee (2) ut (38) (C8) “The wih etre agua ad with wht (ein me an i r= (208). = (82). Bun=0, Bun) =h His was Hugi ase tt eit ma eter f= Sart staan nc etait mi 0, ar Sel eh es Pt np a Re 0) an (oa) te ee wo ter ee Sadhu ela ef ng sie cl Pps Se ‘ihn pn a iy ing ding "ech i ani te oo reprsetrios ofthe Lie see sf), ww (uan)0i)=niijers7om0h), (.0%)04)= ss} 8/+70%05). nour ee we ae (2) = Yad ma) =F Ts, (nomop-Kersrey, (uomi0sl-Yorsre% Mh Ya deed 30) m8) sity bar ditesin whe the wall ara sdbepceeontaaing Te fins ate ees ct denn ‘Sa tpemine ony to hepa nite apply HOT-+1@ Fran Ye 1:70 eget le to, dion Be wa ependne ‘loon ann tho crs eT calaton cote the15 The Repent of SU) atoning chr: Her, ce ae to aos mg ofeach ve. OF {hate eso inate the tion eV SY a he ah see Indah action f Yon 4 05 Tues at roc saa ed writen fr aap oe of fo oh os oh af ot voN 0 akton anton a ot i ef aah ton ele ee Ne ON 0 eh tae 0 aa ao A bac forthe space panned th wt ef eff + afm esfteSitaftafy any (Tene am iat independ ha ry ete cd stone es costa pew eather) Sy the inca he tetanic) the a "The ihe fo ei repeeation a (1), (1,2) (2-H), (00, (0,22) 8) aod 11) ach wih a tipi eee) iim may shee frst ss bah ore 5.6 The Weyl Group ‘Ther ian sngrtn sets to he repesettons of 9; €) ein ‘thing eld he Wet grap (Ou ast il ow te soma [Beup apc wih prem een rm te Lala spre chit eae) onan he ee We aon sry ere te oration ‘Se a din promi oS) mcs ‘cor ue V lt I eth cnt epsnatin of 30¢) ating Iie ane pce. Fray A SUG, ween dete ew tpentan ok ‘(Ch sting he ame vst eV tyne ral) = (A Sethe st scton of Ao 8:0) a Lage atmo he ‘Sain teen f 3/6} bow mgt aly {6 br ecae to th rial premade elton ow int A} ering ap ben Vad (20) Wey ey ht i tn of) easy ft ee ne ‘owe sat Se tty susaling te operas (2) ac). Ofc the ers at nortan (th) andl malay eral 8, ‘nt ely fds pce 903 C) psn yf ni rape cla u Carta subg a Se Chaps (emo nermation) Now st see thee net oA SU) Srila pr the spc lw helene and om ot (ox) ln mating abe te weg = Honere te ae Sen {115 US) frm Aaya pew Te sent nap he Ws so i) at ao a an) i rae ies” ete nt tyme tt vegetations tne ho pervious pag hat fre fc ou ate eee Horst. Definition 6.2, Le te oo-raal ane of CC) spay and iy Lad the nyo of SU) costing of ove Ac SU) sch ta Ait) = forall Heh Let 0 he evap of SUS) eng fave A © SUG) ech hat A 6 men of Joa Ho 1 a stony eure (Barc 8) vei that wa ae sexual scrape SU) and to ek tat Zi mma ago of N ‘Tadeo te det fe Wey ony Destin 21. The Weal group of SUS) Senate, the goin pow Nie We ca doe a ation of W om a lis Pe ah net wo ome a eet Ue creping elec ie in NT fH [ai eles the acon oon oy wa, ‘Tse that this aeton el aie, pps Bs aot elmen fCe Adal) = Aad Aa, ly he dition of Zt cay en tht Wop to the re Soto 9 a gen Rn ne fe Proposition 52, Te gronp Z ct precy of the Sena matrices ‘sds 0), mel te are of te om