Material Balance

OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Overall percent loss is calculated by multiplying the percent loss of material per equipment (0.05%) by the
number of major equipment (12).
Overall Percent Loss:
= (0.05%)()
= (0.0005)(12)
= 0.006
Fluorspar feed rate required to achieve target production rate of 171 kg/hr derived from market share:
1 = 521.8500 /
Actual feed rate:
= 521.8500 (1 + 0.0065)
= 525 /
121
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
Ball Mill
Equipment Tag
B-100
To reduce the particle size from 30 mm to 0.044 mm (325 mesh)
Calculation Basis
45% of the milled particles are retrained through 325 mesh (Boscak, 1978)
S3 Calculations
CaF2 =(0.45)(CaF2 in S1 )
CaF2 =(0.45)(443.57)
CaF2 =199.61 kg
Percent retained of 45% is used calculate

for the amount of CaF2 recycled back from
the classifier to the ball mill for further
grinding.
122
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
SiO2 = (0.45)(SiO2 in S1 )
SiO2 = (0.45)(443.57)
SiO2 = 32.88 kg

for the amount of SiO2 recycled back from
grinding.
H 2O (0.45)(SiO2 in S1 )
H 2O (0.45)(443.57)
H 2O 2.35 kg

for the amount of H2O recycled back from
grinding.
S2 Calculations
CaF2 CaF2 in S1 CaF2 in S 3

CaF2 443.57 199.61
CaF2 643.18 kg
Calculated CaF2 material balance around

Ball Mill B-100
SiO2 SiO2 in S1 SiO2 in S3

SiO2 = 98.27 + 44.22
SiO2 = 105.94 kg
Calculated SiO2 material balance around

Ball Mill B-100
H 2O H 2O in S1 H 2O in S3
H2O = 5.22 + 2.35
H 2O 7.57 kg
Calculated H2O material balance around

Ball Mill B-100
123
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
12 Cross-flow Classifier
Equipment Tag
S-100
To separate and recover -325 mesh particles and recycle coarse particles
back to the ball mill for further grinding.
Calculation Basis
The classifier is to produce 25% solids slurry prior to fluorspar flotation (Metso Corporation, 2015)
Stream 5 Calculations
CaF2 CaF2 in S2 CaF2 in S3

CaF2 643.18 199.61
CaF2 443.57 kg

Classifier S-100
124
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE

SiO2 105.94 32.88
SiO2 73.06 kg

Classifier S-100
75
H 2O CaF2 in S5 SiO2 in S5
25
75
H 2O= 443.57+73.06
25
H2O = 1549.89 kg

Classifier S-100
H 2O 1549.89 5.22
H 2O 1544.68 kg

Ball Mill B-100 and Classifier S-100 closed
circuit.
125
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
Denver Sub-A Flotation Machine

Equipment Tag
S-101
To float most of the CaF2 compound out of fine fluorspar using several
flotation reagents.
Calculation Basis
Reagents to be used have a flotation index of 81.4. (US Patent No. 3893915)
Maximum of 1% content allowed for SiO2 as impurity (Kirk)
Ratio of CaF2 to H2O in the tailings is 1. (Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation Ltd)
The number of cells to be used is 6. (Metso Corporation, 2015)
Flotation Index
Grade Actual Recovery Actual

Grade Perfect Separation Recovery Perfect Separation
Equation (1)
Using the flotation reagents presented by US Patent No. 3893915, a flotation index of 81.4 can be achieved.
The grade of a perfect separation would be 100 percent and recovery would be 100 percent. Since 1 percent
is the maximum allowed for SiO2 for an acid-grade fluorspar (dry-basis), therefore the maximum CaF2 grade
that can be attained is 99%. Therefore, using equation (1)
126
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
99 Recovery Actual
81.4
100
100 100
Recovery Actual 66.93%
This recovery pertains to a single cell operation. According to Metso Corporation (2015), in application for
fluorspar processing the minimum number of cells that is used is 6. The overall percent recovery is
calculated as follows
Overall Recovery = 1 RecoveryCell (1 RecoveryCell )no. of cells 1
Overall Recovery = 1 0.6693(1 0.6693)61

Overall Recovery = 0.9974
CaF2 0.9974 CaF2 in S5
CaF2 0.9974 443.57
CaF2 = 442.42 kg
Calculated overall percent recovery of

99.74% is used to compute for the amount
of CaF2 floated along with the overflow
concentrate.
1
SiO2 CaF2 in S7
99
1
SiO2 442.42
99
SiO2 4.47 kg
Used the dry-basis gravimetric ratio of SiO2

to CaF2 that is 1/99 to calculate the SiO2.
H 2O 1549.89 1.15
H 2O 1548.74 kg

Flotation Cells S-101.
127
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
CaF2 1 0.9974 (CaF2 in S5 )

CaF2 1 0.9974 (443.57)
CaF2 1.15 kg
Used the subtracted percent recovery to

account for the amount of CaF2 loss in
Stream 6.
H 2O CaF2 CaF2 in S6
H 2O 1.15 kg
Based on the final tailing composition data

taken from Gujarat Mineral Development
Corporation Ltd, the ratio of CaF2 and H2O
is approximately 1.

SiO2 73.06 4.47
SiO2 68.59 kg

Flotation Cells S-101.
128
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
Thickener
Equipment Tag
To thicken the flotation final concentrate up to 60% solids.
S-102
Calculation Basis
The thickener is to produce 60% solids slurry by dewatering. (911metallurgist.com)
CaF2 CaF2 in S7
CaF2 442.42 kg

Thickener S-102.
SiO2 SiO2 in S6

Thickener S-102.
SiO2 4.47 kg
129
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
40
60
40
H 2O 442.42 4.47
60
H 2O 297.93 kg
Used the dry-basis gravimetric ratio of H2O

to solids CaF2 and SiO2 that is 40/60 to
calculate the H2O.
H 2O 1548.74 297.93
H 2O 1250.82 kg

Thickener S-102.
130
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter

Equipment Tag
To dewater the thickened slurry up to 6% moisture.
S-103
Calculation Basis
The filter is to produce 6% moisture slurry by dewatering. (911metallurgist.com)
CaF2 CaF2 in S9
CaF2 442.42 kg

Filter S-103.
SiO2 SiO2 in S9

Filter S-103.
SiO2 4.47 kg
131
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
6
94
6
H 2O 442.42 4.47
94
H 2O 28.52 kg

to solids CaF2 and SiO2 that is 6/94 to
calculate the H2O.
H 2O 297.93 28.52
H 2O 269.40 kg

Filter S-103.
132
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
Rotary Dryer
Equipment Tag
To reduce the moisture content from 6% to 0.05%.
S-104
Calculation Basis
The dryer is to produce 0.05% moisture product. (911metallurgist.com)
CaF2 CaF2 in S11

CaF2 442.42 kg

Dryer S-104.
SiO2 SiO2 in S11

SiO2 4.47 kg

Dryer S-104.
0.05
H 2O
CaF2 in S13 SiO2 in S13
99.95
0.05
H 2O
442.42 4.47
99.95

to solids CaF2 and SiO2 that is 0.05/99.95
to calculate the H2O.
133
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
H 2O 0.22 kg
H 2O 28.52 0.22
H 2O 28.30 kg

Dryer S-104.
134
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
Rotary Kiln
Equipment Tag
R-100
To effect the generation of HF by allowing an endothermic reaction between
acid-grade fluorspar and H2SO4.
Calculation Basis
The conversion of CaF2 is 98% (Boscak)
H2SO4 is supplied as 5% excess (US EPA)
Assumption
All SiO2 will be converted to SiF4 (Boscak, Kirk)
Main Reaction
Side Reaction
Overall Reaction
CaF2 + H2SO4 2HF + CaSO4

SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + 2H2O
2CaF2 + 2H2SO4 + SiO2 2CaSO4 + SiF4 + 2H2O
135
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Converting the material balance in terms of moles
Compound
HF
CaF2
H2SO4
SiO2
H2O
CaSO4
CO2
SiF4
H2S2O7
SO3
Molecular Weight
(kg/kmol)
20.01
78.07
98.08
60.08
18.02
136.14
44.01
104.08
178.14
80.07
Since the limiting reactant in the main reaction is CaF2,

therefore all calculations will be based on the amount of
CaF2 that is to react.
136
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
We are given the amount of CaF2 charged:
CaF2 charged 5.67 kmol

The amount of CaF2 that will react is calculated given that the main reaction proceeds with 98% conversion of
CaF2 to HF:
CaF2 to react (0.98)(5.67) 5.55 kmol

Correspondingly, the unreacted CaF2 will be:
CaF2 unreacted (1 0.98)(5.67) 0.11 kmol

The H2SO4 required to react with the amount of CaF2 available to react is:
H2SO4 required CaF4 to react 5.55 kmol

According to US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), the H2SO4 is usually supplied in 5% excess.
Using this information, the H2SO4 that will be supplied in excess of what is required stoichiometrically is:
H2SO4 supplied in excess (0.05)(5.55 ) 27.23 kmol = 27.23 kg

Note that the main and side reactions are occurring as series reactions. For the sake of calculations, an overall reaction is derived in order to account for the loss of CaF 2 and H2SO4 due to the presence of SiO2 in the
reactant phase. The stoichiometric calculations for the reactions are shown below.
Over-all reaction:
0.15
14.59
0.15
11.61
Main reaction:
5.55-0.15=5.40
421.96
5.40
530.11
0.07
4.47
0.15
20.25
10.81
216.30
0.07
7.74
0.15
2.68
kmol
kg
5.40
735.82
137
kmol
kg
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Compounds shown in red are considered as the limiting reactants thus the stoichiometric equivalencies are
derived from the given values of these compounds. From the results shown above, it can be seen that the
loss in CaF2 and H2SO4 due to the presence of SiO2 are 0.13 kmoles for each.
Checking of Assumption:
According to Kirk, there will be a 3.9% loss of CaF2 per % silica present in the reacting fluorspar. The reacting
fluorspar contains 1% silica thus 3.9% of CaF2 is expected to be lost as it proceeds with the side reaction.
Using this information, the amount of CaF2 loss due to SiO2 is:
CaF2 loss due to SiO2 (0.039)(5.55) 0.2165 kmol

Performing stoichiometric calculations on the over-all reaction,
22 4 +
0.2165
0.2165
0.1082
24
0.2165
0.1082
22
0.2165
From the stoichiometric calculations shown above, the amount of SiO2 expected to react with CaF2 is 0.1082
kmoles which is equivalent to 6.50 kg of SiO2. However, the amount of SiO2 present in the reactant is only
4.47 kg thus SiO2 will serve as a limiting reactant. Therefore, the assumption made that all SiO2 present are
converted is valid. Other literatures also support that the impurity SiO2 actively reacts with CaF2 forming the
major by-product SiF4 gas (Boscak).
H2SO4 H2SO4 (main) + H2SO4 (overall) + H2SO4 excess

H2SO4 571.94 + 14.59 + 27.24
H2SO4 571.93 kg
H2SO4
material
balance based on
the results of
stoichiometric
calculations
on
main and overall
reactions
2
H 2O (571.93)
98
H 2O 11.67 kg
Used the dry-basis

gravimetric ratio of
H2O to H2SO4 that
is 2/98 to calculate
the H2O.
138
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
HF 216.30 kg
From the results of stoichiometric

calculations on main reaction
SiO2 7.74 kg

calculations on overall reaction
H2O = H2O in S13 + H2O in S14 + H2O (overall)

H2O = 0.22 + 11.67 + 2.68
H2O = 14.57 kg
H2O material balance based on

the results of stoichiometric
calculations on main and overall
reactions.
CaSO4 = CaSO4 (overall) + CaSO4 (main)
CaSO4 = 20.25 + 735.82

CaSO4 = 756.07 kg
CaF4 = (0.11 kmol)(78.07) = 8.85 kg

H2SO4 = 27.23 kg

calculations on main and overall
reactions.
From the calculated unreacted
CaF4
From calculated H2SO4 excess
139
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
HF Absorption Tower
Equipment Tag
A-100
To absorb most of the HF from the reaction gas by running with concentrated
sulfuric acid and oleum.
Calculation Basis
Equal amount of H2SO4 per amount of HF to be absorbed will produce 50% HF-H2SO4 solution
(US Patent No. 1960347)
US Patent No. 1960347 has advised the addition of SO3 (in the form of oleum) when water vapor
from reaction gas is present so as to eliminate the water vapor in the mixture and produce more
concentrated sulfuric acid.
H 2SO 4 to be used =
216.30
= 2.21 kmol
98.08
140
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Addition of oleum to the absorbing liquid produces more concentrated sulfuric acid since the SO 3 present in
the oleum readily reacts with water or moist air.
The amount of SO3 in the form of oleum to be added is equivalent to the amount of water or water vapor
present to be reacted according to US Patent No. 1960347. In this case, the total amount of water to be
removed in the HF Absorption Tower is
Total H2O to be absorbed = H2O in product gas + H2O in fresh H2SO4 solution feed
Assumption: H2O in fresh 98% H2SO4 solution feed = 0.1015 kmol
Total H2O to be absorbed = 0.7972 + 0.1015

Total H2O to be absorbed = 0.8987 kmol
141
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
The reaction and the stoichiometric calculations are as follows:
0.90
0.90
0.90
kmol
71.96
16.19
88.14
kg
Calculation of H2SO4 present in the oleum

Based on the stoichiometric calculations shown
Compound
% Weight
Amount
for the reaction between SO3 and H2O to yield
(kg/hr)
H2SO4, the required amount of SO3 to dehydrate
SO3
65
71.96
the product gas is 0.90 kmol or equivalent to
H2SO4
35
38.75
about 71.96 kg of SO3. Using 65% Oleum, the
Total
100
110.70
composition and amount of oleum to be supplied
would therefore be that shown in the table at the right. Therefore, the amount of H2SO4 that will be
present in this oleum grade is
H2SO4 present in oleum = 38.74 kg
Calculation of Fresh H2SO4 to be supplied
H2SO4 originally required = amount of HF in gas to be absorbed = 216.30 kg
H2SO4 produced by free SO3 in oleum = 88.14 kg
H2SO4 present in oleum = 38.75 kg
Fresh H2SO4 to be supplied = 216.30 88.14 38.74 = 80.41 kg
Calculation of V
V' = V1 (1 y1 ) V2 (1 y2 )
V1 11.68
From the material balance based on moles:
y1 0.93
V ' (11.68)(1 0.93)
V ' 0.87
142
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Calculation of L
L ' L1 (1 x1 ) L2 (1 x2 )
L2 0.91 0.40 0.90 2.21
x2 0
Note that this L2 only pertains to the main absorbing liquid which is the concentrated H2SO4.
L ' (2.21)(1 0)
L ' 2.21
Calculation of X1
x1
1 x1
X1
x1 0.83
0.83
1 0.83
X 1 4.88
X1
Calculation of X2
X2
x2
1 x2
x2 0
0
1 0
X2 0
X2
Calculation of Y1
143
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Y1
y1
1 y1
y1 0.93
0.93
1 0.93
Y1 12.40
Y1
Calculation of y2
V '(Y1 Y2 ) L '( X1 X 2 )
y
V ' Y1 2 L '( X 1 X 2 )
1 y2
y
(0.87) 12.40 2 2.21(4.88 0)
1 y2
y2 0.04632
SiF4 = SiF4 in S16
SiF4 = 7.74 kg = 0.0744 kmol

0.04632
HF
0.0744
1 0.04632
HF 0.00361 kmol = 0.0723 kg
SiF4 material balance around the

HF Absorption Tower A-100.
Using the calculated value of y2
144
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
HF = HF in S16 - HF in S17
HF = 216.30 - 0.0723
HF = 216.23 kg
SiF4 material balance around the

HF Absorption Tower A-100.
H2SO4 = HF in S23 216.23
According to cited patent that the

absorption process produces
50% HF-H2SO4 solution.
SO3 71.96 kg
H2SO4 = 38.75 kg
From the calculation of H2SO4

present in oleum
H2SO4 = 89.41 kg
2
H 2O = (H 2SO 4 in S22 )
98
2
H 2O = (89.41)
98
H 2 O = 1.82 kg
Equipment Name
Objective
From the calculation of fresh

98% H2SO4 solution to be
supplied.
Used the dry-basis gravimetric
ratio of H2O to H2SO4 that is 2/98
to calculate the H2O.
Water Scrubber
Equipment Tag
To recover SiF4 as H2SiF6 by running with water.
A-101
145
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Calculation Basis
99% conversion of SiF4 and 20% H2SiF6 produced (nzic.org.nz)
146
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
We are given the amount of SiF4 charged:
SiF4 charged 0.07438 kmol

The amount of CaF2 that will react is calculated given that the main reaction proceeds with 98% conversion
of CaF2 to HF:
SiO4 to react (0.99)(0.07438) 0.07364 kmol

Correspondingly, the unreacted SiF4 will be:
SiF4 unreacted (1 0.99)(0.07438) 0.00074 kmol

The H2O required to react with the amount of SiF4 available to react is
H2O required SiF4 to react 5.55 kmol

The stoichiometric calculations for the reactions occurring inside the water scrubber are shown below
Over-all reaction:
SiF
0.00181
147
2HF
H SiF
0.00361
0.00181
0.2603
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE

2 6 = 0.2603 + 20.7005 = .
19 =
20.96
= .
0.20
2 O = 104.8 4.32 = .
148
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
Vaporizer
Equipment Tag
E-100
To vaporize the HF-H2SO4 solution prior to entering the flash column.
:
= 22
= .

2 4

2 4
= 24 22
= .
149
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
Flash Column
Equipment Tag
To ultimately separate HF and H2SO4 by flash distillation.
E-100
Calculation Basis
The flash temperature is 140oC and pressure is 1 atm. (US Patent No. 7371363)
The table below shows the antoine coefficients for the calculation of vapor pressures of HF and H 2SO4.
Compound
HF
H2SO4
C1
59.544
13.4515
C2
-4143.8
8107.94
C3
-6.1764
9.26851
C4
1.42E-05
C5
2
150
Boiling Point
292.65
610.15
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
The summary of the calculations are shown as follows for vapor pressure of HF and H 2SO4 at different
temperatures ranging from 292.65 K (19.5oC) and 610.15 K (337oC) which are the boiling points of HF and
H2SO4, respectively using antoines equation and the corresponding mole fractions by means of Daltons
Law of Partial Pressures and Raoults Law.
Temperature
(K)
292.65
303.2333333
313.8166667
324.4
334.9833333
345.5666667
356.15
366.7333333
377.3166667
387.9
398.4833333
409.0666667
419.65
430.2333333
440.8166667
451.4
461.9833333
472.5666667
483.15
493.7333333
504.3166667
514.9
525.4833333
536.0666667
546.65
557.2333333
567.8166667
578.4
588.9833333
599.5666667
610.15
Vapor Pressure (Pa)

A
B
100870.5184
0.02606999
145171.6943
0.07302877
204253.9777
0.190438706
281727.9229
0.465647354
381857.928
1.074298947
509676.6019
2.351481654
671125.8248
4.906796796
873230.1163
9.80253685
1124309.025
18.81891747
1434236.695
34.83500686
1814758.61
62.35826088
2279877.83
108.2390239
2846325.975
182.6086413
3534137.864
300.0806639
4367353.29
481.2538098
5374875.155
754.5527923
6591520.351
1158.438848
8059308.78
1744.015923
9829047.226
2578.051204
11962279.03
3746.420352
14533688.51
5357.978614
17634071.84
7548.849502
21374014.81
10487.11308
25888454.61
14377.86661
31342349.23
19468.62163
37937737.35
26054.99346
45922547.46
34486.63273
55601611.93
45173.34236
67350465.84
58591.31967
81632670.69
75289.46007
99021608.47
95895.65711
Mole Fraction
Xa
1.004505595
0.69796649
0.496073101
0.359654452
0.265345311
0.198798838
0.150971443
0.116024783
0.09010679
0.070624762
0.055801428
0.044397803
0.035536647
0.028587877
0.023092902
0.018713843
0.015198947
0.012358695
0.010049077
0.008159745
0.006605509
0.005320173
0.004252008
0.003360396
0.002613309
0.001985404
0.001456552
0.001010714
0.00063505
0.00031923
5.4883E-05
Ya
1.000000001
0.999999782
0.999999053
0.999997057
0.999992211
0.999981406
0.999958885
0.999914481
0.999831007
0.999680486
0.999418914
0.998979191
0.998261837
0.997123099
0.995360076
0.992692502
0.988740866
0.98300062
0.974812295
0.963327407
0.947470156
0.925895008
0.896940323
0.858578324
0.808361766
0.74336774
0.660139145
0.554624377
0.422115852
0.257188005
0.05363539
151
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Generating the T-xy Diagram of HF-H2SO4 system at a pressure of 1 atm
T-x,y diagram for HF-H2SO4 system

592.65
572.65
552.65
532.65
512.65
492.65
472.65
452.65
432.65
412.65
392.65
372.65
352.65
332.65
312.65
292.65
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
From the graph, the corresponding mole fractions of HF in liquid (x) and vapor phase (y) are
x = 0.04098
y = 0.9987
Converting these into mass fractions,
x = 0.1732
y = 0.9997
Performing HF Balance:
0.9997S27 (1 0.9997)S28 216.23

Performing H2SO4 Balance:
(1 0.8268)S27 0.8268S28 216.23

152
0.9
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Solving the above equations simultaneously,

S27 = 170.996
S28 = 216.23
S28 Calculations
= 0.9997(170.996)
= .
2 4 = 170.996 0.05
= .
S28 Calculations
= 0.9997(170.996)
= 170.94 kg
2 4 = (1 0.9997)(170.996)
= .
S27 Calculations
= 0.1732(261.46)
= .
2 4 = (1 0.1732)(261.46)
= .
153
OVERALL
MATERIAL BALANCE
Equipment Name
Objective
Condenser
Equipment Tag
To condense and liquefy the distillate product.
E-101
S29 Calculations
= 28
= .

2 4
= 24 28
= .
154

Material Balance

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OVERALL

Percent retained of 45% is used calculate

Percent retained of 45% is used calculate

Percent retained of 45% is used calculate

CaF2 CaF2 in S1 CaF2 in S 3

Calculated CaF2 material balance around

SiO2 SiO2 in S1 SiO2 in S3

Calculated SiO2 material balance around

Calculated H2O material balance around

CaF2 CaF2 in S2 CaF2 in S3

Calculated CaF2 material balance around

SiO2 SiO2 in S2 SiO2 in S3

Calculated SiO2 material balance around

Calculated H2O material balance around

Calculated H2O material balance around

Denver Sub-A Flotation Machine

Grade Actual Recovery Actual

Overall Recovery = 1 0.6693(1 0.6693)61

Calculated overall percent recovery of

Used the dry-basis gravimetric ratio of SiO2

Calculated H2O material balance around

CaF2 1 0.9974 (CaF2 in S5 )

Used the subtracted percent recovery to

Based on the final tailing composition data

SiO2 SiO2 in S5 SiO2 in S7

Calculated SiO2 material balance around

Calculated CaF2 material balance around

Calculated SiO2 material balance around

Used the dry-basis gravimetric ratio of H2O

Calculated H2O material balance around

Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter

Calculated CaF2 material balance around

Calculated SiO2 material balance around

Used the dry-basis gravimetric ratio of H2O

Calculated H2O material balance around

CaF2 CaF2 in S11

Calculated CaF2 material balance around

SiO2 SiO2 in S11

Calculated SiO2 material balance around

Used the dry-basis gravimetric ratio of H2O

Calculated H2O material balance around

CaF2 + H2SO4 2HF + CaSO4

Converting the material balance in terms of moles

Since the limiting reactant in the main reaction is CaF2,

We are given the amount of CaF2 charged:

CaF2 charged 5.67 kmol

CaF2 to react (0.98)(5.67) 5.55 kmol

CaF2 unreacted (1 0.98)(5.67) 0.11 kmol

H2SO4 required CaF4 to react 5.55 kmol

H2SO4 supplied in excess (0.05)(5.55 ) 27.23 kmol = 27.23 kg

CaF2 loss due to SiO2 (0.039)(5.55) 0.2165 kmol

H2SO4 H2SO4 (main) + H2SO4 (overall) + H2SO4 excess

Used the dry-basis

From the results of stoichiometric

From the results of stoichiometric

H2O = H2O in S13 + H2O in S14 + H2O (overall)

H2O material balance based on

CaSO4 = CaSO4 (overall) + CaSO4 (main)

CaSO4 = 20.25 + 735.82

CaF4 = (0.11 kmol)(78.07) = 8.85 kg

From the results of stoichiometric

Converting the material balance in terms of moles

Total H2O to be absorbed = 0.7972 + 0.1015

The reaction and the stoichiometric calculations are as follows: