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Homework 6 of Matb 210 (Hand in to TA Wang Zhibo (Room E11-2027) in Tutorial)
due on 29/9/2014 (Mon) for matb210-002 and matb210-003.
Remark. Happy Holiday, Dont forget our mid-term test 1 after holiday.
13.7 (Read theorem 1, examples 1 and 3 in 13.7) Find dw
dt both by using the chain
rule, and by expressing w explicitly as a function of t before differentiating:
3. w = sin(xyz);

13.7 Find

r
r
r
x , y , z

10. r = uv u2 v 2 w2 ,

x = t, y = t2 , z = t3
11. r = sin(p/q),

4. w = log(x + y + z);

w
s

and

w
t

x = 2s + t, y = s t, z = st

7. w = x2 + y 2 + z 2 ;

p=

z
and
13.7 Find x
given equation:

z
y

xy 2 z 3 , q = x + 2y + 3z

as functions of x, y and z, assuming z = z(x, y) satisfies the

19. x2/3 + y 2/3 + z 2/3 = 1

Plugging z = z(x, y) into the equation, we have x2/3 + y 2/3 + (z(x, y))2/3 = 1,
and differentiate this identity with respect to x and y respectively, we have
) 2
( 2/3
2
z
1
=
x + y 2/3 + (z(x, y))2/3 = x1/3 + (z(x, y))1/3 , so
0=
x
x
3
3
x
z
=
x

x = 3et sin s, y = 3et cos s, z = 4et

20. x3 + y 3 + z 3 = xyz

8. w = xy + yz + zx;

u = y + z, v = x + z, w = x + y

x = cos2 t, y = sin2 t, z = t2

13.7 (Read theorem 2, example 4 in 13.7) Find

6. w = xy sin z;

x = s2 t2 , y = s2 + t2 , z = s2 t2
23.

x2
y2
z2
+
+
=1
a2
b2
c2

1. Find the maximum and minimum values of f (x, y) = xy x y at the points on

and within the triangle with vertices A(0, 0), B(0, 1), C(3, 0).
).
Solution. Interior critical point(s): (0, 0) = f (x, y) = (y 1,

On CA : f (x, 0) = x for 0 x 3.

If = 1, then it follows from that z = 2y, and y = 2z, so we have y =

2(2y), i.e. y = z = 0, and hence 1 = x2 + 02 + 02 = x2 . then we have (x, y, z) =
(1, 0, 0).
If x = 0, then it follows from that z = 2y, and y = 2z, so we have
y = 2z = 2(2y) = 42 y. So we have x = z = y = 0 or = 21 . As
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, so we have the only choice = 12 .
If = 12 , i.e. y = z so 1 = 02 + y 2 + (y)2 = 2y 2 , i.e. (x, y, z) = (0, 12 , 12 ).
If = 12 , i.e. y = z so 1 = 02 + y 2 + (y)2 = 2y 2 , i.e. (x, y, z) = (0, 12 , 12 ).

On AB : f (0, y) = y for 0 y 1.
The max f (x, y, z) = f (
min f (x, y, z) = f (
On BC : g(t) = f (3t, 1 t) =

for 0 t 1.

2. Determine the minimum value of 4x2 + y 2 subject to the constraint xy = 1.

Solution: Let f (x, y) = 4x2 + y 2 be the objective function, and g(x, y) = xy be
the constraint with the level curve given C : g(x, y) = 1. As C is a circle, and
hence it is closed and bounded in R2 , then the continuous function f attains its
minimum on C at some point in C. One knows that f (x, y) = g(x, y) at
those extremum points. (One should know that it is only a necessary condition,
but not sufficient one.) Hence we have three equations (
, 2y) = (y, x), and
xy = 1. From the last equation, one knows that x = 0 and y = 0, so
= y,
and then =
/y. (Compare with the example in lecture note)

The minimum value is f (

,
) = f(
,
)=
.
Remark. Here there is no maximum value for f, since the constraint xy = 1
allows x or y to become arbitrarily large, and hence f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 can be
made arbitrarily large.
3. Find the maximum and minimum values of f (x, y, z) = x2 yz at the points of
the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
Solution. Use Lagrange Multiplier Method, let g(x, y, z) = x2 +y 2 +z 2 . Consider
the equations: f = g and g(x, y, z) = 1, i.e.
(2x, z, y) = (2x, 2y, 2z), and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
Hence 2x(1 ) = 0, i.e. =
or x =
.

)=
)=

, and
.

4. Find the local maxima. minima, and saddle points of f (x, y) = 12 x2 + 3y 3 + 9y 2

3xy + 9y 9x.
Solution. f (x, y) = (x 3y 9, 9y 2 + 18y + 9 3x). We want to locate the
critical points of f. Eliminating x in f (x, y) = (0, 0) gives 9y 2 +9y 18 = 0, with
solutions y = 2 and y = 1. The corresponding values of x are x = 3 and x = 12,
so the critical points of f are (3, 2) and (12, 1). The discriminant is D(x, y) =
2
fxx fyy fxy
= (1)(18y + 18) (3)2 = 18y + 9. Since D(3, 2) = 36 + 9 < 0,
we know that (3, 2) is a saddle point of f. Since D(12, 1) = 18 + 9 > 0 and
fxx (12, 1) = 1 > 0. we know that (12, 1) is a local minimum of f.
5. Locate and classify the critical points (local max, local min, saddle points, and
other points at which the tangent plane is horizontal) of the functions
(i) f (x, y) = x3 6xy + y 3 .
(0, 0) = f = (
), and hence x2 = 2y, and y 2 = 2x. And x4 = 4y 2 =
4(2x) = 8x, i.e. 0 = x(x3 22 ) = x(x 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) = x(x 2)( (x + 1)2 + 3).
It follows that x =
or
. If x = 2, then y = x2 /2 = 2. If x = 0, then
y = 0. The critical points of f are (0, 0) and (2, 2). It remains to classify these
critical points.