Algebra 01

Copyright 2005 Kenneth Morley All Rights Reserved
Table Of Contents
Introduction .................................................................... page 3
Lesson 01
Substitution/ collecting like terms examples .................. page 4
Substitution/ collecting like terms tutorial ...................... page 5
Substitution/ collecting like terms solutions ................... page 6
Lesson 02
Multiplying out single brackets examples....................... page 7
Multiplying out single brackets tutorial ........................... page 8
Multiplying out single brackets solutions ........................ page 9
Lesson 03
Multiplying out a pair of brackets examples ................. page 10
Multiplying out a pair of brackets tutorial ..................... page 11
Multiplying out a pair of brackets solutions ................. page 12
Algebra 6 pack - l page 2
Lesson 04
Indices/ fractional indices examples .............................. page 13
Indices/ fractional indices tutorial ................................... page 14
Indices/ fractional indices solutions ................................ page 15
Lesson 05
Algebraic formula examples............................................ page 16
Algebraic formula tutorial ................................................ page 17
Algebraic formula solutions............................................. page 18
Lessons 06
Review tutorial.......................................................... page 19 - 20
Review solutions ...................................................... page 21 - 22
Introduction
Copyright Notice
Kenneth Morley has been a Mathematics

Teacher for over 25 years. He has taught the
age range 11 - 19. He graduated with an Upper
Second Bachelor of Science Honours degree in
Mathematical Sciences (subjects included
pure/ applied mathematics, statistics, numerical
analysis and computing). He acquired a Post
Graduate Certificate in Mathematical Education
shortly afterwards. Both qualifications were gained in the United
Kingdom.
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Lesson 01
Basic Processes of Algebra
In algebra, letters are used instead of numbers. The letters are called
variables, as they can take any value (hence vary). Numbers are
called constants, because they only have one value (does not
change)
Collecting Like Terms

Examples
Simplify :
1. 3x + y - 2x + 3y
Substitution
We can give letters values, by substitution:
2. 2x + y - 3x - 5y
3. 2x x 3y
Examples
4. 2x x 3x
Given x = 2 and y = -3 evaluate:
5. 3xy xy
1. x + y
6. 4xy 2xy
2. 2x - y
Solutions
3. 3x y
3x - 2x + y + 3y = x + 4y
4. xy
2x - 3x + y - 5y = -x - 4y
(2 x 3) x (x x y) = 6xy
(2 x 3) x (x x x) = 6x
3x 2 y
= 3x (by cancellation)
xy
4x 2 y
2x
=
(by cancellation)
2
y
2 xy
Solutions
1
2 - 3 = -1
2(2) - (-3) = 4 + 3 = 7
3(2) (-3) =
6
= -2
3
2 x (-3) = 2 x 9 = 18
Lesson 01 Tutorial
Substitution Exercise
Collecting Like Terms Exercise
Given a = 3, b = -2, c = -5
Simplify:
Work out
1. 4x + 2y - x - y
1. a + b
2. 2x + y - 3x - 7y
2. a + c
3. 2x + y - x + 4y
3. 2a - b
4. 3x + 2x - 2x - 3x
4. 3b - c
5. a + b + c
6. a + b - c
5. 3x x 4y
6. 2x x (-5y)
7. 4x x 4x
7. 4a b
8. 3x x 5x
8. 3a 2c
9. ab c
10. ab
11. abc
12. ab
9. 15xy 10x
10. 16xy 8xy
11. 25xy 15xy
12. 90xy4 45xy
Lesson 01 Solutions
Substitution
Collecting Like Terms
1. 3 - 2 = 1
1. 4x - x + 2y - y = 3x + y
2. 3 - 5 = -2
2. 2x - 3x + y - 7y = -x - 6y
3. 2(3) - (-2) = 6 + 2 = 8
3. 2x2 - x2 + y + 4y = x + 5y
4. 3(-2) - (-5) = -6 + 5 = -1
4. 3x2 - 2x2 + 2x - 3x = x - x [x(x - 1)]
5. 3 + (-2) + (-5) = 3 -2 - 5 = -4
6. 3 + (-2) - (-5) = 3 - 2 + 5 = 6
7.
4(3) 12
=
= 6
2
2
8.
3(3)
9
=
= 0 9
2( 5) 10
9.
3( 2) 6
=
= 1 2
5
5
2
10. 3 x (-2) = 9 x 4 = 36
11. 32 x (-2)2 x (-5)2 = 9 x 4 x 25 = 900
5. 3 x 4 x x x y = 12xy
6. 2 x (-5) x x x y = -10xy
7. 4 x 4 x x x x = 16x
8. 3 x 5 x x2 x x = 15x
9.
10.
11.
12. -3(-2) = 3 x (-8) = -24

12.
15 xy 3 y
=
10 x
2
16 x 2 y
8 xy2
25 xy
15 x 2 y 2
90 x 3 y 4
45 x 2 y 3
2x
y
5
3 xy
= 2xy
Lesson 02
Multiplying Out Single Brackets
Examples
Multiply out the following:
1. 2(x + 3)
3. 4x (x + 2)
2. x (x - 5)
4. 3x(2x - 3)
Using a multiplication table:

3.
1.
x
2
x
2x
x
4x
+3
+6
x
4x
+2
+8x
2 (x + 3) = 2x + 6
2.
x
x
x
x
4.
-5
-5x
x (x - 5) = x - 5x
4x (x + 2) = 4x + 8x
x
3x
2x
6x
-3
-9x
3x(2x - 3) = 6x - 9x
Lesson 02 Tutorial
Multiply out the following brackets
1. 7(x + 2)
11. 5x(2x - 7)
2. 5(2x + 1)
12. 6x(2x + 1)
3. 2(x - 2)
13. 2x (x - 1)
4. 4(x - 5)
14. 3x4(2x - 3)
5. 9(3x - 2)
15. 9x2(x3 - 5)
6. 3x (x + 5)
16. 3x(5 - 2x2)
7. 2x (x + 3)
17. 2x(7 - 3x4)
8. 2x (2x + 3)
18. 4x2(3 - 2x2)
9. 5x(2x - 1)
19. 5x3(1 - 4x)
10. 4x(x - 1)
20. -2x2(5 - 3x)
Lesson 02 Solutions
1. 7x + 14
11. 10x - 35x
2. 10x + 5
12. 12x4 + 6x
3. 2x - 4
13. 2x4 - 2x
4. 4x - 20
14. 6x6 - 9x4
5. 27x - 18
15. 9x5 - 45x2
6. 3x + 15x
16. 15x - 6x3
7. 2x + 6x
17. 14x - 6x5
8. 4x + 6x
18. 12x2 - 8x4
9. 10x2 - 5x
19. 5x3 - 20x4
10. 4x - 4x
20. -10x2 + 6x3
Lesson 03
Multiplying Out a Pair of Brackets
Examples
(x + 2)(x + 1)
(2x + 1)(x + 5)
(x + 3)(x - 4)
(3x + 2)(2x - 3)
Using a multiplication table:

3
1
x
x
+2
x
x
+2x
x
2x
+1
+1
+x
+2
x
2x
+x
+5
+10x
+5
(2x + 1)(x + 5) = 2x + 10x + x + 5 = 2x + 11x + 5
(x + 2)(x + 1) = x + x + 2x + 2 = x + 3x + 2
4
2
x
x
+3
x
x
+3x
-4
-4x
-12
(x + 3)(x - 4) = x - 4x + 3x - 12 = x - x - 12
x
3x
+2
2x
6x
+4x
-3
-9x
-6
(3x + 2)(2x - 3) = 6x - 9x + 4x - 6 = 6x - 5x - 6
Lesson 03 Tutorial
Multiply out the following brackets
1. (x + 2)(x + 5)
11. (3x + 5)(3x - 5)
2. (x + 4)(x + 4)
12. (4x - 3)(4x + 3)
3. (x + 5)(x - 1)
13. (1 - x)(1 + 2x)
4. (x + 4)(2x + 1)
14. (1 + x)(1 - 3x)
5. (2x + 1)(x + 3)
15. (2 - 3x)(3 + 2x)
6. (3x + 1)(x - 1)
16. (5 - 4x)(1 + x)
7. (3x - 1)(x - 1)
17. (4 + x)(3 + 4x)
8. (4x + 5)(x - 3)
18. (1 + x2)(1 - x2)
9. (2x - 1)(2x - 1)
19. (1 - x2)(1 + 2x2)
10. (2x + 1)(2x - 1)
20. (3 + 2x2)(1 - x2)
Lesson 03 Solutions
1
(x + 2)(x + 5) = x + 2x + 5x + 10 = x + 7x + 10
11 (3x + 5)(3x - 5) = 9x + 15x - 15x - 25 = 9x - 25
(x + 4)(x + 4) = x + 4x + 4x + 16 = x + 8x + 16
12 (4x - 3)(4x + 3) = 16x - 12x +12x - 9 = 16x - 9
(x + 5)(x - 1) = x + 5x - x - 5 = x + 4x - 5
13 (1 - x)(1 + 2x) = 1 - x + 2x - 2x = 1 + x - 2x
(x + 4)(2x + 1) = 2x + 8x + x + 4 = 2x + 9x + 4
14 (1 + x)(1 - 3x) = 1 + x - 3x - 3x = 1 - 2x - 3x
(2x + 1)(x + 3) = 2x + x + 6x + 3 = 2x + 7x + 3
15 (2 - 3x)(3 + 2x) = 6 - 9x + 4x - 6x = 6 - 5x - 6x
(3x + 1)(x - 1) = 3x + x - 3x - 1 = 3x - 2x - 1
16 (5 - 4x)(1 + x) = 5 - 4x + 5x - 4x = 5 + x - 4x
(3x - 1)(x - 1) = 3x - x - 3x + 1 = 3x - 4x + 1
17 (4 + x)(3 + 4x) = 12 + 3x + 16x + 4x = 12 + 19x + 4x
(4x + 5)(x - 3) = 4x + 5x - 12x - 15 = 4x - 7x - 15
18 (1 + x2)(1 - x2) = 1 + x - x - x4 = 1 - x4
(2x - 1)(2x - 1) = 4x - 2x - 2x + 1 = 4x - 4x + 1
19 (1 - x2)(1 + 2x2) = 1 - x + 2x - 2x4 = 1 + x - 2x4
10 (2x + 1)(2x - 1) = 4x + 2x - 2x - 1 = 4x - 1
20 (3 + 2x2)(1 - x2) = 3 + 2x - 3x - 2x4 = 3 - x - 2x4
Lesson 04
Index Numbers (Indices)
In general
Examples
1. am x an = am+n
Work out:
2. am an = am-n
1. 32 x 33
3. a0 = 1
2. 27 24
4. (am)n = amxn = amn
3. 53 53
Fractional Indices
2 3
4. (4 )
Work out:
keeping your answers in index form

1. 32 x 33 = (3 x 3) x (3 x 3 x 3) = 35 or 32+3 = 35
7
2. 2 2
2222222
= 23 or 27-4 = 23
2222
3. 53 53 =
2 3
555
= 1 or 53-3 = 50 = 1
555
2
4. (4 ) = 4 x 4 x 4 = 4
2+2+2
=4
1.
1
42
2.
27 3
3.
3
16 4
4=2
1
4.
1

2
27 = 3
( 4 16 )3 = 23 = 8
1
1
92
1
9
1
3
Lesson 04 Tutorial
Fractional Indices
Index Numbers
Work out the following:
Simplify the following, writing your answers in:

i. index form (except for q11 & 12)
ii. in full (using the xy button on your calculator)
1.
16 2
2.
25 2
3.
64 3
4.
125 3
5.
83
6.
16 2
7.
81 4
1. 23 x 26
2
2. 3 x 3
3. 5 x 5
4. 72 x 73
5. 84 83
6. 95 92
7
7. 12 12
3
4
8. 199 195
8.
9.
1

125 3
9. (32)2
10. (23)4
4 4
11. (4 )
1
10.
36
12. (84)2
13. 48 48
14. 22 x 32
15. 43 82
1

2
3
2
11. 64 3 + 9 2
12.
3
814
1
-
81
1
2
Lesson 04 Solutions
Fractional Indices
Index numbers
1. 16 = 4
1. i 2
3+6
2. i 3
2+5
3. i 5
4+3
= 2 ii 512
2. 25 = 5
= 3 ii 2,187
3.
64 = 4
4.
125 = 5
= 5 ii 78,125
4. i 72+3 = 75 ii 16,807
5. i 84-3 = 81 ii 8
6. i 95-2 = 93 ii 729
5.
( 8)
6.
( 16 ) = 64
7.
( 81)
7. i 127-4 = 123 ii 1728

8. i 19
9-5
= 19 ii 130,321
9. i 32x2 = 34 ii 81
=4
3
8.
= 27
1
2
10. i 23x4 = 212 ii 4096

11. i 44x4 = 416 ii 4,294,967,296
12. i 8
4x2
13. i 4
8-8
= 8 ii 16,777,216
0
= 4 ii 1
14. ii 4 x 9 = 36
15. ii
9.
64
=1
64
1
3
125
10.
( 36 )
11.
( 64 ) +
12.
( 81)
1
5
= 216
9 = 16 + 3 = 19
81 = 27 - 9 = 18
Lesson 05
Algebraic Formulae
Examples
1
A girl buys x apples at 35 cents each and y pears at 40 cents

each. She pays $3.00
a
Three boys filled up a large tank with water

Adrian used a 2 litre bucket 2x times
Write down an expression in terms of x and y for the total

cost and simplify it.
Brendan used a 4 litre bucket y times
35x + 40y = 300
Write down expressions, in their simplest forms, in terms of x

and y for:
Simplifying gives:
7x + 8y = 60
2
Given that a rectangle has length 6x and width 3y write down

expressions for
a
the perimeter P
the area A
Charles used a 6 litre bucket x times
T, the total number times it took the boys to fill the tank
ii
C, the capacity of the tank
T = 2x + y + x
T = 3x + y
6x
3y
ii
C = 2(2x) + 4(y) + 6(x)

C = 4x + 4y + 6y
P = 6x + 3y + 6x + 3y
P = 12x + 6y
A = 6x x 3y
A = 18xy
C = 10x + 4y
Lesson 05 Tutorial
Given the triangle below:
Formulae Exercise
1
A boy buys x toffees at 20 cents each and y chocolates at 70

cents each. He pays $4.00. Write down an expression in terms
of x and y for the total cost, and simplify it.
A girl buys 6 tins of soup which cost x cents each, and 3 tins of
tuna which cost y cents each. She pays $6.90. Write down an
expression in terms of x and y for the total cost, and simplify it.
3x
A boy buys 2 toys at x cents each and y sweets at 30 cents

each. He pays $3.60. Write down an expression in terms of x
and y for the total cost, and simplify it.
Write down expressions in x and y for the
Given the rectangle below
perimeter P
ii
Area A
A boy has 240 marbles in a bag. There are 4x blue marbles, 6y

white marbles and 5x red marbles. Write down an expression in
terms of x and y for the total number of marbles in the bag, and
simplify it.
perimeter P
ii
Area A
A farmer has 20 animals in a field. There are 4x sheep, 5y goats

and 3y cows. Write down an expression in terms of x and y for
the total number of animals, and simplify it.
3 men loaded a van with cartons
5y
i
7
8x
David carried x 4kg cartons

Edward carried 2y 5kg cartons
Fred carried 3x 6kg cartons
Write down expressions, in their simplest forms, in terms of x
and y for:
i
N, the number of cartons
ii
M, the total mass of cartons

put in the van.
4y
Lesson 05 Solutions
20x + 70y = 400
2x + 7y = 40
4x + 6y + 5x = 240
9x + 6y = 240
3x + 2y = 80
6x + 3y = 690
P = x + 3x + 4y
2x + y = 230
P = 4x + 4y
ii
2x + 30y = 360
A = 3x x
A = 15x2
x + 15y = 180
7
4x + 5y + 3y = 20
4x + 8y = 20
P = 8x + 5y + 8x + 5y
x + 2y = 5
P = 16x + 10y
8
ii
N = x + 2y + 3x
A = 8x 5y
N = 4x + 2y
A = 40xy
ii
M = 4(x) + 2y(5) + 3x(6)

M = 4x + 10y + 18x
M = 22x + 10y
Lesson 06 Review Tutorial

Lessons 01 - 05
1
Given x = 3, y = -2 and z = -4
Work out
Multiply out
a
8(x + 2)
3x(x - 1)
4x2(2x + 5)
2x2(3x3 - 2)
7x4(5x2 + 3)
x+y
x-y
x+z
y-z
x+y+z
xy
xyz
(x + 3)(x + 1)
x2y2
(x + 2)(x - 1)
xz
y
(2x + 1)(x + 3)
(2x - 1)(3x - 1)
(3x + 2)(3x - 2)
x2y2
z
Simplify
a
5x + 3y - 2x - y
Multiply out
Simplify and write your answers in

i
index form (where possible)
ii
in full
3x + 4y - x + 2y
2 2 x 23
4x (-8y)
56 52
6x2 5x
(22)3
18xy 3y
2 3 32
20x2y 4xy2
6 3 32
Work out
8 a
36 2
3
42
4x
3

4
3

2
52 52
5
72
3
25 2
3x
5x
The shape below is made up of a square of side 5x and a

right angled triangle of sides 3x, 4x and 5x
1
2
7
3
16 4
(216 ) 3
2
i
3
4
81

A satellite of mass 200kg is moving in free space. It fires its

propulsion rockets a series of three times. The first time it
accelerates 3x m/s2, the second time it accelerates 2y m/s2, and
the final time it accelerates 4y m/s2. The total force applied is
2,400N.
Given F = ma (force = mass x acceleration) Write down an
expression in x and y for the total force applied to the satellite
and simplify it.
perimeter P
ii
Area A
For the exams, a student reviews 3 subjects each for x

hours, y subjects each for 2 hours and 1 subject for 5x
hours. The total time spent reviewing was 30 hours.
Write down an expression in x and y for the total time spent
reviewing and simplify it.
Lesson 06 Solutions
1
Substitution
Multiply out a single bracket
3 +(- 2) = 3 - 2 = 1
8x + 16
3 - (-2) = 3 + 2 = 5
3x2 - 3x
3 + (-4) = 3 - 4 = -1
8x3 + 20x2
-2 - (-4) = -2 + 4 = 2
6x5 - 4x2
3 + (-2) + (-4) = 3 - 2 - 4 = -3
35x6 + 21x4
3(-2) = -6
3(-2)(-4) = 24
2
Multiply out a pair of brackets
3 (-2) = 9 4 = 36
x2 + 3x + x + 3 = x2 + 4x + 3
3 ( 4) 12
=
=6
2
( 2)
x2 + 2x - x -2 = x2 + x - 2
2x2 + x + 6x + 3 = 2x2 + 7x + 3
(3) 2 ( 2) 2
9 4 36
=
= 9
=
( 4)
4
4
6x2 - 3x - 2x + 1 = 6x2 - 5x + 1
9x2 + 6x - 6x -4 = 9x2 - 4
Collecting like terms

a
(5x - 2x) + (3y - y) = 3x + 2y
Index form
(3x - x ) + (4y + 2y) = 2x + 6y
22+3 = 25, 32
4 (-8)xy = -32xy
56-2 = 54, 625
6 5 x2 x = 30x3
223 = 26, 64
18 xy
= 6x
3y
8 9 = 72
216
= 24
9
20 x 2 y
4 xy
5x
y
Fractional indices
( 4)
9
16
36 = 6
formulae
a
=8
200 (3x + 2y + 4y) = 2400

3x + 6y = 12
x + 2y = 4
4
9
shape
a
Perimeter and Area

i)
1 3
+
52 2
72
5 1
4
52
= 5 2 = 25
ii)
( 25 ) ( 16 )
( 216 )
P = 22x
= 7 2 = 7 2 = 49
A = 5x 5x + ( 4x 3x)
A = 25x2 + 6x2
= 125 8 = 1000
1
= 36 1 = 4
4
81
27 3
P = 5x + 5x + 5x + 4x + 3x
A = 31x2
b
3x + 2y + 5x = 30
8x + 2y = 30
4x + y = 15

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Copyright 2005 Kenneth Morley All Rights Reserved

Introduction .................................................................... page 3

Substitution/ collecting like terms examples .................. page 4

Substitution/ collecting like terms tutorial ...................... page 5

Substitution/ collecting like terms solutions ................... page 6

Multiplying out single brackets examples....................... page 7

Multiplying out single brackets tutorial ........................... page 8

Multiplying out single brackets solutions ........................ page 9

Multiplying out a pair of brackets examples ................. page 10

Multiplying out a pair of brackets tutorial ..................... page 11

Multiplying out a pair of brackets solutions ................. page 12

Algebra 6 pack - l page 2

Indices/ fractional indices examples .............................. page 13

Indices/ fractional indices tutorial ................................... page 14

Indices/ fractional indices solutions ................................ page 15

Algebraic formula examples............................................ page 16

Algebraic formula tutorial ................................................ page 17

Algebraic formula solutions............................................. page 18

Review tutorial.......................................................... page 19 - 20

Review solutions ...................................................... page 21 - 22

Copyright 2005 Kenneth Morley All Rights Reserved

Kenneth Morley has been a Mathematics

All e-tutorials at tutorialsinmaths.com are the exclusive property of

A Message from the Tutor

Algebra 6 pack - l page 3

For a teacher, personal and non - commercial use comprises

Unauthorised distribution of this e-tutorial constitutes theft of

Copyright 2005 Kenneth Morley All Rights Reserved

Collecting Like Terms

Given x = 2 and y = -3 evaluate:

Algebra 6 pack - l page 4

Copyright 2005 Kenneth Morley All Rights Reserved

Collecting Like Terms Exercise

Algebra 6 pack - l page 5

Copyright 2005 Kenneth Morley All Rights Reserved

Collecting Like Terms

4. 3x2 - 2x2 + 2x - 3x = x - x [x(x - 1)]

12. -3(-2) = 3 x (-8) = -24

Algebra 6 pack - l page 6

Copyright 2005 Kenneth Morley All Rights Reserved

Multiply out the following:

Using a multiplication table:

Algebra 6 pack - l page 7

Copyright 2005 Kenneth Morley All Rights Reserved

16. 3x(5 - 2x2)

17. 2x(7 - 3x4)

18. 4x2(3 - 2x2)

19. 5x3(1 - 4x)

20. -2x2(5 - 3x)

Algebra 6 pack - l page 8

Copyright 2005 Kenneth Morley All Rights Reserved

11. 10x - 35x

14. 6x6 - 9x4

15. 9x5 - 45x2

16. 15x - 6x3

17. 14x - 6x5

18. 12x2 - 8x4

19. 5x3 - 20x4

20. -10x2 + 6x3

Algebra 6 pack - l page 9

Copyright 2005 Kenneth Morley All Rights Reserved

Multiply out the following:

Using a multiplication table:

Algebra 6 pack - l page 10