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The Analysis and Design of Linear Circuits, Sixth Edition

Solutions Manual

Problem 10-21
The initial conditions in Figure P10-21 are vC(0) = 0 and iL(0) = I0. Transform the circuit into the
s domain and use superposition and voltage division to find the zero-state and zero-input
components of VC(s).

R
vR (t)
vS (t)

vC (t)

Solution:
Replace the inductor with its impedance in series with a voltage source of magnitude LiL(0) =
LI0, with the positive terminal at the bottom. Replace the capacitor with its impedance. Use
MATLAB to complete the calculations.
clear all
syms s R L C Vs I0
ZL = s*L;
ZC = 1/s/C;
% Use the voltage source to find the
% Combine the inductor and capacitor
% and then use voltage division
ZLC = 1/(1/ZL+1/ZC);
VCzs = simplify(Vs*ZLC/(ZLC+R))
% Use the source associated with the
% to find the zero-input component
% Combine the resistor and capacitor
% then use voltage division
% Note the sign change on the source
ZRC = 1/(1/R+1/ZC);
VCzi = simplify(-L*I0*ZRC/(ZRC+ZL))
VCzs =
L*s*Vs/(s*L+R+R*s^2*L*C)
VCzi =
-R*L*I0/(s*L+R+R*s^2*L*C)

zero-state component.
in parallel

initial conditions
in parallel and

Answers:

VCzs ( s )

Ls VS ( s )
RLCs 2 Ls R

VCzi ( s )

RL I 0
RLCs 2 Ls R

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without
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Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600.

The Analysis and Design of Linear Circuits, Sixth Edition

Solutions Manual

Problem 10-27
The circuit in Figure P10-27 is in the zero state. Find the Thvenin equivalent to the left of the
interface.
2 k 1F

100 u(t)

2 k

Solution:
Use voltage division to find the open-circuit voltage and the look-back method to find the
Thvenin impedance.
clear all
syms s t VT ZT
Vs = laplace(100*heaviside(t));
R1 = 2e3;
R2 = 2e3;
C = 1e-6;
ZC = 1/s/C;
% Use voltage division
VT = simplify(R2*Vs/(R1+ZC+R2))
% Use the look-back method
ZT = simplify(1/(1/(R1+ZC) + 1/R2))
VT =
50/(s+250)
ZT =
1000*(s+500)/(s+250)

Answers:
VT ( s )

50
V-s
s 250

Z T ( s)

1000( s 500)

s 250

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without
either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance
Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600.

The Analysis and Design of Linear Circuits, Sixth Edition

Solutions Manual

Problem 10-37
There is no initial energy stored in the circuit in Figure P10-37.
(a) Find the zero-state mesh currents iA(t) and iB(t) when v1(t)
= 100 e200t u(t) V.
v1(t)
(b) Validate your answers using OrCAD.

1 k 10 F

250

iA(t) 10 nF

750

iB(t)

Solution:
(a) The solution is presented in the following MATLAB code.
clear all
format short eng
syms s t IA IB iA iB
% Convert the source into the s domain
v1t = 100*exp(-200*t);
V1s = laplace(v1t);
% Write the mesh-current equations
Eqn1 = -V1s + IA*(1e3+1/s/10e-6) + (IA-IB)*(1/s/10e-9);
Eqn2 = (IB-IA)*(1/s/10e-9) + IB*(250+750);
Soln = solve(Eqn1,Eqn2,IA,IB);
IA = Soln.IA;
IB = Soln.IB;
iA = ilaplace(IA);
iB = ilaplace(IB);
iA_num = vpa(iA,6)
iB_num = vpa(iB,6)
iA_num =
.665777e-1*exp(-200.*t)+.166778e-10*exp(100050.*t)*(.200400e10*cosh(100000.*t)-.400100e10*sinh(100000.*t))
iB_num =
.667111e-1*exp(-200.*t)+.166778e-7*(.400000e7*cosh(100000.*t)+.200200e7*sinh(100000.*t))*exp(-100050.*t)

Current (A )

% Plot the waveforms so we can compare them to the OrCAD results

% First re-write the currents in terms
of exponentials only
0.12
iA2 = .665777e-1*exp(-200.*t).166527833000e-1*exp(-50.*t)...
0.1
+.50075094500e-1*exp(-200050.*t);
iB2 = .667111e-1*exp(-200.*t)-.166611e0.08
1*exp(-50.*t)...
-.500501e-1*exp(-200050.*t);
tt = 0:20e-6:120e-3;
0.06
iAtt = subs(iA2,t,tt);
iBtt = subs(iB2,t,tt);
0.04
close all
plot(tt,iAtt,'g','LineWidth',4)
0.02
hold on
plot(tt,iBtt,'r','LineWidth',2.5)
0
grid on
xlabel('Time (s)')
-0.02
ylabel('Current (A)')
0

0.02

0.04

0.06
Time (s)

0.08

0.1

0.12

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without
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The Analysis and Design of Linear Circuits, Sixth Edition

Solutions Manual

R1
1k

C1

R2

10u

250

(b) The following OrCAD simulation validates the results.

V1 = 100
V2 = 0
TD1 = 0
TC1 = 5m
TD2 = 10
TC2 = 1

V1

R3
750

C2
10n

100mA

80mA

60mA

40mA

20mA

0A

-20mA
0s
I(R1)

10ms
-I(R3)

20ms

30ms

40ms

50ms

60ms

70ms

80ms

90ms

100ms

110ms

120ms

Time

Answers:
(a) iA (t ) 66.578e 200 t 16.653e 50 t 50.075e 200050 t u (t ) mA

iB (t ) 66.711e 200 t 16.661e 50 t 50.050e 200050 t u (t ) mA

(b) The OrCAD results are presented above.

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without
either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance
Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600.

The Analysis and Design of Linear Circuits, Sixth Edition

Solutions Manual

Problem 10-48
The input to the integrator shown in Figure P10-48 is v1 (t ) cos10t V . The desired output is
v 2 (t ) sin 10t V. Working in the s domain, select values of R and C to produce the desired
output.
1/Cs
R

V1(s)

V2(s)

Solution:
Write a node-voltage equation at the negative input terminal of the OP AMP to find a
relationship in the s domain between the input and output voltages. Then use the desired input
and output and a selected value for the capacitor to compute the corresponding resistor value.
The MATLAB solution is presented below
clear all
syms s t R C V1 V2 v1d V1d v2d V2d
v1d = cos(10*t);
V1d = laplace(v1d);
v2d = -1*sin(10*t);
V2d = laplace(v2d);
% Write the node-voltage equation
% The voltage at the negative terminal is zero
Eqn1 = (0-V1)/R + (0-V2)/(1/s/C);
V2 = solve(Eqn1,V2);
% Find the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage
Ts = simplify(V2/V1)
% Find the desired input-output ratio
Td = simplify(V2d/V1d)
% Select a value for C and substitute
C = 1e-6;
Ts = subs(Ts);
Td = subs(Td);
% Solve for the resistance
R = solve(Ts-Td,R)
Ts =
-1/R/s/C
Td =
-10/s
R =
100000

Answer:
One possible solution is with R = 100 k and C = 1 F.

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without
either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance
Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600.