Definition of Modified Diet

Dietary Modification for the calories
Definition of Modified Diet
1. A modified diet is any diet altered to include or exclude certain components, such as calories, fat,
vitamins and minerals, according to Nutrition Essentials for Nursing Practice by Susan G. Dudek.
Diets are typically modified for therapeutic reasons, including treatment of high blood pressure, low
body weight or vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Talk to your physician about diet modifications that
may help your condition, and follow up with a nutritionist to help you make the best dietary choices.
Healthy High-Calorie Diets

Healthy high calorie diets are often necessary to supply adequate nutrition for athletes and people
trying to gain weight. However, it's still important to make healthy choices as you boost your calorie
intake..
Calories and Fat

The rules about what is healthy and what is not don't change based on the number of calories you eat.
Whether you're dieting to lose weight, or trying to gain weight, some foods are good for you and others
are not. The temptation for some people on a high calorie diet is to fill up on calorie dense foods high
in fat, but a healthy approach will steer clear of unhealthy fats.
To do this, a healthy diet avoids foods that contain trans fats and limits the intake of saturated fats.
Diets high in such fats have been shown to increase the risk of coronary heart disease.
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Instead, choose calories from polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. These fats are considered
healthier, and this is also where you find sources of omega 3 fatty acids which are necessary for
building muscle. These healthy fats can be found in foods such as:
Avocado
Olive oil
Sesame oil
Flaxseed oil
Oily fish
Fat is calorie dense and provides nine calories per one gram. By comparison, one gram of protein or
carbohydrate is only four calories.
Other Elements of Healthy High Calorie Diets

A high-calorie diet should still be a balanced diet to be healthy.
Proteins
Along with fats, protein is easily integrated into a high-calorie diet. Protein can easily be added to boost
calorie intake by adding whey protein isolate to a between-meals smoothie or shake. Healthy choices
for protein include:
Beans:
Beef:
Eggs:
Poultry:
White meat is best because it is a good source of lean protein. The dark meat is higher in fat, and
the skin should be avoided all together.
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High Calorie Snacks

To keep your calorie count up, it also helps to keep healthy high-calorie snack options within reach.
This includes foods like:
Cereal bars
Dried fruit (and fresh fruit)
Nuts
Protein bars
Seeds
Yogurt
Carbohydrates
Carbs found in whole grain products, fruits and vegetables should also be incorporated in a healthy
diet.
Balance Is Important
If your doctor has placed you on a high calorie diet, talk to him about how to balance the calories you
take in. A healthy meal plan will include carbohydrates, protein, healthy fats and plenty of water.
Balance is important, even when you boost your calorie intake to gain weight.
Are Calories Bad for You?
Calories aren't bad for you. Your body needs calories for energy. But eating too many calories and
not burning enough of them off through activity can lead to weight gain.
Most foods and drinks contain calories. Some foods, such as lettuce, contain few calories (1 cup of
shredded lettuce has less than 10 calories). Other foods, like peanuts, contain a lot of calories ( cup of
peanuts has 427 calories).
You can find out how many calories are in a food by looking at the nutrition facts label. The label also
will describe the components of the food how many grams of carbohydrate, protein, and fat it
contains.
Here's how many calories are in 1 gram of each:
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carbohydrate 4 calories
protein 4 calories
fat 9 calories
That means if you know how many grams of each one are in a food, you can calculate the total calories.
You would multiply the number of grams by the number of calories in a gram of that food component.
For example, if a serving of potato chips (about 20 chips) has 10 grams of fat, 90 calories are from fat.
That's 10 grams x 9 calories per gram.
How the Body Uses Calories
Some people mistakenly believe they have to burn off all the calories they eat or they will gain weight.
This isn't true. Your body needs some calories just to operate to keep your heart beating and your
lungs breathing. As a kid, your body also needs calories from a variety of foods to grow and develop.
And you burn off some calories without even thinking about it by walking your dog or making your
bed.
But it is a great idea to play and be active for at least 1 hour and up to several hours a day. That means
time spent playing sports, just running around outside, or riding your bike. It all adds up. Being active
every day keeps your body strong and can help you maintain a healthy weight.
Watching TV and playing video games won't burn many calories at all, which is why you should try to
limit those activities to 1 to 2 hours per day. A person burns only about 1 calorie per minute while
watching TV, about the same as sleeping!
The Effects of a High-Calorie Diet
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Overview
Eating a high-calorie diet can have many effects on your body, depending on the type of high-calorie
diet you are consuming. In some cases, doctors and nutritionists may prescribe high-calorie diets for
extremely active athletes or people who need to gain weight. In those cases, high-calorie diets serve a
purpose that can help improve ones health. For a person with an average metabolism and activity level,
however, high-calorie diets may have a deleterious effect, even if you are eating highly nutritious
foods.
Weight Gain
A calorie is a measure of heat energy. Calorie counts measure the amount of energy food supplies to
your body. Your body converts food into energy via metabolism. Everyone has a basal metabolic rate,
which is the rate at which your body burns calories to sustain the daily processes of living such as
circulation, growth, cell repair and respiration. Two other factors determine how many calories your
body burns. The first, thermogenesis, is the amount of energy your body expends digesting and
processing the foods you eat. The second factor is your physical activity level. The more sedentary you
are, the fewer calories your body expends in activity. Weight gain from a high-calorie diet is a function
of thermodynamics. If you eat more calories than you burn via daily living, thermogenesis and physical
activity, then you will gain weight.
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Changes in Body Composition
If you are eating a high-calorie diet with more calories than you burn, then your body must do
something with the extra energy from food. Your body has two choices. It can either excrete the energy
or store it in fat cells for future use. According to Gary Taubes, author of Good Calories: Bad
Calories, when insulin is present, your body chooses fat storage because insulin is a storage hormone
that escorts unused fuel into fat cells. The result is an increase in body fat percentage.
The Domino Effect
Your body stores extra calories as fat in cells throughout your body. Because eating too many calories
increases fat storage, you gain weight. Being overweight greatly increases the risk of developing other
health problems. Overweight and obesity increase the risk of developing gallstones, sleep apnea,
reproductive problems, certain cancers, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease and stroke.
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Increased Cardiovascular Risk
Excess calories are stored within the body in the form of triglycerides, which circulate through your
blood. Getting too many calories from simple sugars, such as table sugar, contributes to high
triglyceride levels, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Triglycerides are part of your lipid profile, along
with high-density lipoprotein, a good form of fat, and low-density lipoprotein, a bad form of fat.
Having too many triglycerides circulating through your blood increases your risk of developing
coronary artery disease.
Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
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Stanford University researchers analyzed population-based data to determine whether a link existed
between sugar intake and Type 2 diabetes risk. The study found that for every 150 calories a person
eats from added sugar, the risk of Type 2 diabetes gradually increases. The analysis included food
consumption from 175 countries. The study found no other food component, other than sugar, was
linked to an increase in Type 2 diabetes risk. Researchers published the results in the February 2013
edition of the journal "Plos One."
Depression
Obese children are frequent targets for ridicule at school and elsewhere. Overweight adults face similar
problems. Taunting, shunning or embarrassment can lead to isolation, depression, stress and other
health problems, regardless of age.
Osteoarthritis
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As you accumulate excess weight, your body becomes heavier. This extra weight wreaks havoc on your
bones and joints and could eventually lead to the development of osteoarthritis. Fluid-filled cushions
protect the bodys joints by absorbing shock and preventing bone-to-bone contact during movement.
Over time, excess weight causes these fluid-filled cushions to disintegrate from the extra pressure. This
disintegration allows your bones to rub against one another, causing excruciating pain and
inflammation in your joints.
Increased Risk of Certain Diseases
To eat a high calorie diet, you need to either consume high-calorie foods or eat very large amounts of
low-calorie foods. Both types of eating place a great deal of stress on the body. High-calorie foods tend
to be high in fats and/or sugars. High intake of these foods increases your risk factors for type 2
diabetes, heart disease and certain cancers. Eating a large amount of food stresses your digestive
processes. Mouse and monkey studies, published in the January 2009 issue of Toxicologic Pathology,
provide some evidence that the stress placed on the body by eating a lot of calories may decrease
longevity, and restricting calories may increase it.
Cognitive Impairment
According to a 2012 "USA Today" article, a study by the American Academy of Neurology suggests
that high calorie intake might also be linked to mild cognitive impairment -- a type of memory loss that
is noticeable, yet not severe enough to interfere with daily life. According to the study, older people
who consumed a high-calorie diet had a much larger risk of developing this cognitive impairment than
older people who ate a low-calorie diet. However, additional research is still needed to properly
identify a link between caloric intake and cognitive impairment.
What is a calorie restricted diet?

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A calorie restricted diet is an eating plan that limits the daily intake of calories. It is the same concept as
a kilojoule restricted diet with the only difference being in the unit of energy measure calories vs
joules. Calories can be taken in through food (input) or expended during activity (output) and the
purpose of a calorie restricted diet is to shift the balance between input and output to yield a desired
body weight. Too many input calories (food) = weight gain. Too few input calories (food) = weight
loss.
The terms calorie-restricted and calorie-controlled are often used interchangeably. Many prefer the
latter term, calorie-controlled, as it indicates that the goal of the dietary change is to control rather than
restrict calorie intake through food. Similarly it can be applied to other weight control measures like an
exercise schedule.
Getting Started With A Calorie Restricted Diet

Ideally a person should first assess their eating habits by keeping a calorie counting diary for at least
one to two weeks prior to starting a calorie restricted diet. Many who are overweight or obese are in
denial about their eating habits. The reality is that an excess of calories causes weight gain, despite
eating few meals in a day or attempting to eat small meals. The excess may occur in eating a single
large meal or eating small portions of high calorie foods.
By keeping a calorie counting diary and analyzing the calorie intake at the end of the week, one can
clearly identify where the excess of calories may lie. Use the weekly calorie count sheet and list of
calories in common foods to first analyze dietary habits. This helps to create awareness about incorrect
eating habits.
Defining a Calorie Goal for a Diet

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In order to develop a calorie restricted eating plan, a person first needs to define a goal calorie input.
This means the number of calories eaten per day.
The average 70kg (155 lb) man needs about 2,500 calories per day while a 70kg (155 lb) woman needs
about 2,000 calories.
This is the calorie input through food and it is for a moderately active person.
If sleeping all day, the same 70kg (155 lb) man would only require about 1,650 calories per day,
whereas the 70kg (155 lb) woman would need about 1,450 calories per day. This is known as the basal
metabolic rate the bare minimum calories to sustain life and maintain health in the human body.
Therefore a person aiming for this body weight (70 kg / 155 lbs) should be slowly reducing calorie
intake to these levels. However, aiming for this goal at the outset can often lead to a significant loss of
calories per day that may be difficult to adjust to. Therefore it is best to start with weight loss by
reducing the daily calorie intake by 500 calories per day.
For example, a person eating 4,000 calories per day should first aim for a daily calorie intake of 3,500
calories per day and this can be further reduced by 500 calories per day every 2 to 3 weeks.
Never consume less than the basal metabolic rate. Calorie intake of less than 1,200 calories per day in
an adult can cause fatigue and some nutrient deficiencies. A calorie intake of less than 1,000 calories
per day will lead to severe fatigue and nutrient deficiencies and adversely affect a persons health.
How to create a calorie restricted diet

Identify your goal daily calorie intake. Be realistic about yours goal weight loss does not occur
overnight.
Adopt an eating plan with foods that you enjoy rather than a generic diet. Use the list of calories in
common foods to identify which foods you would prefer and within your calorie quota. Take not of the
portion sizes.
Monitor your body weight on a weekly basis. Focus more on the centimeters / inches in the first few
weeks rather than just the kilograms / pounds.
Start an exercise plan that will allow you to burn between 300 to 500 calories per day. This will help
offset any extra calories that may not have been catered for in the eating plan.
Focus on realistic body weight goals. Aim to lose about 1.5 to 2 kg (3.5 to 4.5 lbs) per week it is a
realistic goal and will not adversely affect your health with sudden weight loss. Also consider your
waist size because you may not lose weight in some weeks but your inches may decrease.
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AVOID FAST FOODS. These convenience meals are packed with high calorie foods. Your favorite big
burger meal from a well known burger franchise has 1,350 calories in a single meal burger + fries +
cola. That is over half your daily calorie intake in one meal.
Always read the food packaging carefully. The portion size and calorie content is clearly marked but be
aware of the number of calories in the portion size that you are eating.
Eat more rather than fewer meals. A constant intake of a moderate quantity of calories will maintain a
constant metabolic rate. Excess calories will be stored as fat. Insufficient calorie intake will lead to
fatigue. If the daily calorie quota is 2,000 calories, it is best to eat 3 meals of 500 calories with 2 snacks
of 250 calories in between.
How to modify a calorie restricted diet

Sometimes a generic diet for losing weight may not suit persons personal or cultural tastes. If certain
foods are to be removed from the diet, it should be replaced with calorie equivalents from the calorie
list. Replacement foods should also belong to the same food group and have the equivalent in fat and
protein content.
A calorie restricted diet may also need to be modified for changing calorie goals. If the target weight
has been achieved for the specific diet, the daily quota may need to be reduced. Simply reducing the
portion size by up to 30% may be sufficient but if monotony is setting in, then new foods with
equivalent calories should be identified.
The Side-Effects of Lack of Calories
There are a variety of reasons people eat too few calories, including eating disorders, excessive athletic
training, crash dieting and even senior citizens with reduced appetites. In addition to malnutrition,
severely restricting caloric intake can take a toll on your normal bodily functions and lead to health
problems. To stay healthy and stave off disease, dont stay on a low-calorie diet more than a few days
and consult your health care provider if youre not able to consume enough calories to fuel your bodys
energy requirements.
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Identification
A calorie is a term for the energy content of food, with most people needing between 1,000 and 2,000
calories every day for breathing, heart function, kidney function, cell metabolism and muscle activity.
The calories you consume fall into one of two groups, those you need to stay alive and those needed for
physical activity. The first group makes up your basal metabolic rate, or BMR, and varies according to
your gender, age, height and weight. To determine your BMR, multiply your ideal body weight by 10,
meaning that a woman weighting 150 lbs. would need 1,500 calories per day. Add 200 to 400 calories
per hour of exercise, depending upon intensity.
Gallstones
Eating too few calories over time can lead to rapid weight loss. Although this may sound ideal to those
who are overweight, losing a large amount of weight in a short time can increase cholesterol levels in
your gallbladder and decrease its ability to excrete bile. This can lead to the formation of gallstones,
hardened deposits of digestive fluid in your gallbladder characterized by severe pain, yellowed skin and
a high fever and chills.
Immunity
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Severe calorie restriction may cause an iron deficiency and low protein levels that affect your immune
systems ability to fight off colds and the flu and more serious illnesses. A report published in 2000 in
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise noted that many athletes consume 25 percent fewer
calories than they should, which increases inflammation and decreases anti-inflammatory immune
factors. Increasing caloric and dietary fat intake to match energy expenditure reverses the negative
effects on immune function.
Menstruation and Pregnancy
When women eat too few calories, it often leads to irregular menstrual periods or even causes periods
to stop altogether. When menses stop, your risk of bone loss climbs due to a lack of estrogen and poor
nutrition including low levels of calcium, increasing the risk for osteoporosis and broken bones.
Women who eat too few calories during pregnancy can increase the chances their babies will
experience delayed growth and development, have damaged organs and be prone to obesity in later life.
Metabolism and Weight Loss
Although it may seem counterintuitive, eating too few calories can make your body think its in
starvation mode and actually lose metabolism-boosting muscle and hold onto fat intead, sabotaging
your weight-loss efforts. It causes your metabolism slow down overall and can make it harder to lose
weight in the future.
Heart Problems
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When someone restricts their caloric intake for an extended period of time, malnutrition can occur.
People who have an eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, are at risk for
becoming malnourished. People who severely restrict their calories have slower metabolisms because
their body goes into starvation mode and slows the body's functions to conserve energy. Frances Sizer
and Eli Whitney write in "Nutrition and Concepts and Controversies" that people who are
malnourished, the heart beats irregular or too quickly, the heart muscles can become thin and weak and
the chambers of the heart decrease in size. As a result of malnutrition, heart attacks can occur.
Digestive Problems
When a person does not eat enough calories, the digestive tract can slow down to conserve energy. The
digestive tract is responsible for breaking down food and drinks to the simplest form so that the body
can use the nutrients to function. When a person isn't consuming enough calories, the stomach empties
slower and the lining of the intestinal tract can shrink. When a person does eat, the digestive tract has
been damaged so severely that it cannot properly digest food. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes
more slowly and the person may experience diarrhea. Diarrhea only makes the problem worse by
dehydrating the person and depleting essential vitamins and nutrients.
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Nutrient Deficiencies
People who are restricting calories can develop nutrient deficiencies. Several deficiencies -- including
iron, folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies -- cause anemia, a disease that affects red blood cells. These
cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to the organs and tissues of the body. An anemia associated
with nutritional deficiencies can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, irregular or fast heartbeat,
dizziness, cognitive problems, cold hands and feet and headache. At first people who are anemic may
not have any signs or symptoms, but as the condition goes untreated, signs and symptoms worsen and
become noticeable. Nutritional deficiencies can also cause a range of other symptoms, including skin
lesions, a lack of energy and diminished cognitive functioning.
Unhealthy Weight Loss
If you're restricting calories with the goal of losing weight, consuming far too few calories might
sabotage your weight loss before it starts. Not only is severely restricting calories not sustainable -you're bound to fall off the wagon and return to your old eating habits -- but it also causes your body to
destroy muscle tissue. You should not lose more than two pounds a week during safe weight loss,
explains West Virginia University. If you lose more than that, you're consuming too few calories.
What Are the Dangers of Low Caloric Intake?
Overview
Obesity is quickly becoming an epidemic in the United States, with the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention indicating that no state has an obesity prevalence of less than 20 percent. Lowering caloric
intake is essential for weight loss, and it will lead to a healthier lifestyle for many people. However, an
excessive decrease in calories can be dangerous, resulting in many negative side effects.
Malnutrition
Inadequate caloric intake can lead to malnutrition over time. According to MedlinePlus, malnutrition
occurs when the diet does not allow the intake of a sufficient amount of nutrients. A diet with extremely
low calories does not allow for adequate consumption of the vitamins, minerals and antioxidants the
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body needs to perform its daily life processes. Vitamin deficiencies can lead to various problems,
including fatigue, impaired wound healing and extreme weight loss.
Slower Metabolism
Metabolism is the rate at which the body burns fuel for energy. The basal metabolic rate is the
minimum number of calories necessary to perform daily basic functions such as breathing, growth,
cellular repair and digestion, according to Kansas State University. When calories are restricted over a
long period of time, the body will compensate by holding on to the few calories that are consumed,
explains WorldLifeExpectancy.com. This can actually lead to weight gain.
Physical Changes
A decrease in caloric intake may cause positive physical changes at first, primarily weight loss.
However, an extreme decrease in caloric intake can cause negative physical changes over time. Once
individuals lose excess weight, calorie restriction can cause various physical problems. The Calorie
Restriction Society indicates that decreasing daily calories too much can lead to reduced bone mass,
fatigue, sensitivity to cold temperatures and food obsession due to extreme hunger. The CRS
recommends gradual calorie reduction over a period of at least six months to avoid some of the side
effects of low caloric intake.
The idea of a low-calorie diet might tempt you because it seems like the quickest, surest way to lose
weight. It certainly isn't easy, but it will get results. However, many negative side effects come along
with restricting your calorie intake below 1,200. Some side effects are minor and will pass with a good
meal, but some are more serious and can land you in the hospital. Do not attempt a low-calorie diet
unless you are under the strict supervision of your doctor.
Calorie Needs Explained
Your body needs a certain amount of calories to carry out vital functions. If it does not get those
calories from the diet, it can start to break down its own tissues for energy. To figure out how many
calories you need per day, multiply your ideal weight by 12 if you are not very active or 15 if you are
active, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. To lose weight, aim to eat around 500
fewer calories per day than your body needs to maintain your weight. Eating less than that will lead to
side effects.
Minor Side Effects
Eating less than 1,200 calories per day will send your body into starvation mode. Do not attempt this
sort of diet without the supervision of a physician. Some side effects are minor in comparison to others
and transitory. They can become more pronounced depending on how much you restrict your calories.
Some symptoms of severe calorie restriction are weakness, fatigue, cold intolerance, irregular
menstrual periods, dizziness, constipation and swelling of the hands and feet, according to "Nutrition,
Exercise, and Behavior: An Integrated Approach to Weight Management.
Major Side Effects
Gallstones are caused by going on a severe calorie-restricted diet and losing weight too quickly. Often,
you will need to have surgery to remove your gallbladder if this happens. Gout, or a painful
inflammation of the joints caused by high uric acid in the blood, can start or become worse from lowPage
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calorie dieting. Since you are not taking in the proper amounts of vitamins, proteins and electrolytes,
you are at risk for malnutrition disorders and electrolyte imbalances. Sudden death is a very rare but
possible side effect from extremely low-calorie dieting.
Long-Term Considerations
Low-calorie diets force your body to take energy from other sources. You are more likely to burn
muscle than fat because your body needs protein, according to Healthwise. This lowers your metabolic
rate and makes it more difficult to lose weight. You are also not likely to stay on this type of eating plan
for long, and you will eventually go back to your normal eating patterns. All the weight will come
back. Furthermore, the electrolyte imbalances will cause your body to leach calcium from your bones,
potentially weakening them and leading to osteoporosis.
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References:
1. site name: NICOLE ETOLEN
Author name:
Data name: : Definition of Modified Diet
2. Site name: LIFESTRONG
Author name: KAREN FRAZIER
Data name: The Effects of a High-Calorie Diet
3. Site name: Live Healthy
Author name: Janet Renee, MS, RD
Data name: Result of eating too many calories
4. Site name: BUMP
Author name: Thomas Williams
Data name: Depression
5. Site name: Fotolia
Author name: : Scott Maxwell
Data name: Cognitive Impairment
6. Site name: diet.lovetoknow
Author name: Mary L. Gavin, MD
Data name: How the Body Uses Calories
7. Site name: Healthaliciousness
Author name: Gray Taubes
Data name: What is a calorie restricted diet
8. Site name: LIVESTRONG
Author name: BONNIE SINGLETON
Data name: The Side-Effects of Lack of Calories
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Author name: JANELLE VAESA

Data name: Side Effects of Not Eating Enough Calories
Author name: TYFFANI BENARD
Data name: low caloric Disease
Author name: LYNDA LAMPERT
Data name: Negative Side Effects of Eating Less Than 1,200 Calories a Day
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