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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
A LEVEL 4 MODULE, SPRING SEMESTER 2014-2015
COASTAL ENGINEERING
Time allowed TWO Hours
Candidates may complete the front cover of their answer book and sign their desk
card but must NOT write anything else until the start of the examination period is
announced.
Answer all FOUR questions, all questions carry equal marks.
Only silent, self contained calculators with a Single-Line Display or Dual-Line
Display are permitted in this examination.
Dictionaries are not allowed with one exception. Those whose first language is not
English may use a standard translation dictionary to translate between that
language and English provided that neither language is the subject of this
examination. Subject specific translation dictionaries are not permitted.
No electronic devices capable of storing and retrieving text, including electronic
dictionaries, may be used.
DO NOT turn examination paper over until instructed to do so.
Turn Over
1 (a)
Explain how a groin works. What is the functional difference
between a headland breakwater and a groin?
(8 marks)
(b) A beach nourishment project of length a = 5 km in length is applied
onto a reasonably stable shoreline to protect the upland activities.
The designed beach is to be 75 m wide and is to be placed at the
dB
berm elevation
= 3.5 m. The depth of the sand transport
from historic data is estimated to be around
dC
= 8 m.
HB
= 2.5 m with
The
( )
i)
ii)
iii)
( 1n1 )( d +1 d )
B
2.
(a)
(b)
ii)
lW
lB
is 20 m and 5 m respectively.
Ir =
Cr =
a I 2r
b+ I 2r , where
Cr
Ir
of a
is the
tan
H
L
, where
is the slope
angleof the breakwater, calculate the slope angleof the rubblemound structure for
(c)
= 1.1 and
3.
offshore Borneo.
is 1025 kg m
viscosity is 1 x 10 m s .
-6
(a)
-1
acceleration,
is the
angular frequency,
is the gravitational
is the water depth, find
=gk tanh kd ,
(5 marks)
gH cosh k ( y +d )
sin ( kxt ) ,
2 cosh kd
The equations for the drag-inertia forces and moment forces are given by
F=m C D w g H 2 D ,
CD
is known to be 0.7.
Figure 3: Isolines of
a)
Illustrate graphically the typical design layout of a seawall with
revetment layers.
(5 marks)
b)
A ferry pier seawall was constructed with 10-ton (10000 kg) armour
stones on a 1:2 slope as revetment for protection. Assuming the stones
be roughly spherical, and have a density of 2750 kg m -3, the density of
water be taken as 1025 kg m -3, calculate the design waveheight for this
arrangement for non-overtopping waves.
(5 marks)
c) Further observations have shown that the wave climate has changed and
the waves that approach this slope breaks and might have exceed the
design parameter. Wave conditions measured offshore were
H0
= 4.5
=( tan )
B =
HB
H
=0.56 0
H0
L0
L0
H0 ,
0.2
( )
m50=
where
m50
is
s H 3
3
s
K
1 cot
w