Local Binary

Pattern
Pi19404
January 18, 2014

Contents

Contents
Local Binary Pattern

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Local Binary Pattern

Local Binary Pattern







In this article we will look at concept of Local Binary Pattern

and computation of LBP image.
2D surface texture is characterize by spatial pattern and intensity/contrast.
Spatial Pattern is affected by rotation,scale changes ,hence for
a good texture description we require a rotation and scale
invariant descriptor.
Local binary pattern binarizes the local neighborhood of each
pixel and builds a histogram on these binary neighborhood patterns.
Let P be the number of neighborhood pixels and R the distance
from the center pixel l and l be neighborhood pixel.
c

A LBP
number characterizes the local texture by assigning
the binomial factor 2 for each sign sgn(l
l )
P;R

LBPP;R

lp

LBPP;R




for p = 0 : : : P
of radius R.

1
sgn(lp

lc )2

=0

are a set of equally spaced pixels on a circle

P

features has 2 possible values.For P=8 we have a binary

feature vector of length 256.

Patterns are classified as uniform and non uniform.

Uniform pattern have single contigious regions of 0 and 1 while
non uniform patterns do not.For example 01100000 is a uniform pattern while 01010000 is a example of non uniform
pattern

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Local Binary Pattern












we can see that there are 9 possible uniform pattern values

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
1
1 0 0 0 0 0
1
1
1
1 0 0 0 0
1
1
1
1
1 0 0 0
1
1
1
1
1
1 0 0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Now consider the effect of rotation on the feature vector.
Rotating the image results in circular shift of values of feature
vector.
To encorporate rotational invariance we need to assign all possible rotation of a feature vector to a single LBP value For
example all the below patterns
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
will be assigned to a single value.
In the present article however we are not considering rotational invariant features
Let us consider the implementation details of LBP
If we only consider a 3x3 neighborhood we need to threshold
the rectangular region about
Another method would be to divide image into square blocks
of size BxB.Instead of central pixel value we consider the mean
value of pixels in the central block.
Similariy instead of considering the single pixel value in the
neighborhood we would consider the mean value of pixels in
the block.
All the pixels in the block are encoded with the same binary value
0 or 1.

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Local Binary Pattern




to compute mean value over rectangular regions of image,integral

images are used.
output of lbp images for block size 1,2 and 8 is showing in figure
1

Figure 1: LBP Images

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we can see that as block size increases,quantization effects can

be seen and the information in the encoded image cannot be
recognized.

nclude "ImgFeatures/integralImage.h"
ass LBPFeatures

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blic:
LBPFeatures(){};
Mat image;
vector<uchar> features;
Mat mask;
IntegralImage ix;

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//function to compute LBP image with block size 1

void compute(Mat image,Mat &dst)
{
uchar *ptr=image.data;
image.copyTo(dst);
uchar *optr=dst.data;

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Local Binary Pattern

int width=image.cols;
int height=image.rows;

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for(int i=1;i<height-1;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<width-1;j++)
{
int center=(int)ptr[j+i*width];
unsigned char code=0;
code|=((int)ptr[(j-1)+(i-1)*width] >=center)<<7 ;
code|=((int)ptr[j+(i-1)*width] >=center)<<6 ;
code|=((int)ptr[(j+1)+(i-1)*width] >=center)<<5 ;
code|=((int)ptr[(j+1)+(i)*width] >=center)<<4 ;
code|=((int)ptr[(j+1)+(i+1)*width] >=center)<<3 ;
code|=((int)ptr[j+(i+1)*width] >=center)<<2 ;
code|=((int)ptr[j-1+(i+1)*width] >=center)<<1 ;
code|=((int)ptr[j-1+(i)*width] >=center)<<0 ;
optr[j+i*width]=code;
}
}

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//computing integral image for block

void computeBlock(Mat image,Mat & dst,int block=2)
{
/computing integral image
ix.compute(image);
image.copyTo(dst);
dst.setTo(cv::Scalar::all(0));
int width=image.cols;
int height=image.rows;
for(int i=block;i<height-block;i=i+block)
{
for(int j=block;j<width-block;j=j+block)
{
int x=i;
int y=j;
Rect r=Rect(j,i,block,block);
//computing mean value of central block
int meanv=ix.calcMean(r);
int code=0;
for(int k=0;k<8;k++)
{

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//offsets of neighbouring values

switch(k)
{
case 0:
y=i-block;
x=j-block;
break;
case 1:
y=i;
x=j-block;
break;
case 2:
y=i+block;
x=j-block;
break;
case 3:
y=i+block;
x=j;
break;
case 4:
y=i+block;
x=j+block;
break;
case 5:
y=i;
x=j+block;
break;
case 6:
y=i-block;
x=j+block;
break;
case 7:
y=i-block;
x=j;
break;
default:
break;
}
Rect r1=Rect(x,y,block,block);
//computing mean value of neighbouring block
int val=(int)ix.calcMean(r1);
code|=(meanv >= val)<<(7-k);

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Mat roi=dst(r);
//setting value of all pixel in output
//image to the encoded value for visualization
roi.setTo(cv::Scalar::all(code));

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the code for the same can be found in the git repo for OpenVisionLibrary https://github.com/pi19404/OpenVision/ in following
files ImgFeatures/lbpfeatures.hpp and lbpFeatures.cpp files

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