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Transient Analysis
Objectives
Develop an intuitive understanding
of water hammer and transient
response
Present a case study where
transient analysis mattered
NOT Teach the science of wave
formation and propagation
(too many formulas)
Transient Analysis
Definitions
Water Hammer (noun)
The concussion and accompanying
noise that result when a volume of
water moving in a pipe suddenly
stops or loses momentum.
Transient Response (noun)
The response of a system to a
change from equilibrium.
Source: water hammer. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved May 19, 2015, from
Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/water hammer
Transient Response
Flow >
Energy Absorption
Transient Analysis
Overview So Far
10
Hydraulic Scenarios
Transient Analysis
11
Pressure Rise
P
P
Reservoir
Hydraulic Grade Line (Steady State)
Flow >
P
Gate valve
(negative pressure)
where
P = change in head (m) (pressure rise)
a = wave speed (m/s) (communication speed)
g = acceleration of gravity (m/s2)
(m/s)
V = change in velocity
Transient Analysis
12
Siphon
-14 psi
13
Design Limitations
Topography
Geotechnical Conditions
Max/Min Elevations
Hydraulics!
14
15
Outcomes
Emergency Shut-down
16
Negative Pressure
Surge Tower
Initial Outcomes
17
Surge Tower
Final Outcomes
Transient Analysis
18
Overview
Transient Analysis
19
Mitigation
Perform a transient analysis
Slow down your flow changes (prevention!)
Pressure relief / vacuum break
Combination air release / vacuum valves
Surge tanks
May 29, 2015