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CaroKannDefence
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheCaroKannDefenceisachessopening
characterisedbythemoves:

CaroKannDefence

1.e4c6
TheCaroKannisacommondefenseagainsttheKing's
PawnOpeningandisclassifiedasa"SemiOpenGame"
liketheSicilianDefenceandFrenchDefence,althoughit
isthoughttobemoresolidandlessdynamicthaneither
ofthoseopenings.Itoftenleadstogoodendgamesfor
Black,whohasthebetterpawnstructure.

1
a

Moves

1.e4c6

ECO

B10B19

Origin

Bruederschaft(journal),1886

Namedafter

HoratioCaroandMarcusKann

Parent

King'sPawnGame

Contents
1 History
2 Mainline:2.d4d5
2.1 3.Nc3and3.Nd2
2.1.1 ClassicalVariation:3...dxe44.Nxe4Bf5
2.1.2 ModernVariation:3...dxe44.Nxe4Nd7
2.1.3 3...dxe44.Nxe4Nf65.Nxf6+
2.1.3.1 BronsteinLarsenVariation:5...gxf6
2.1.3.2 KorchnoiVariation:5...exf6
2.1.4 GurgenidzeVariation:3.Nc3g6
2.2 AdvanceVariation:3.e5
2.3 ExchangeVariation:3.exd5cxd5
2.3.1 Mainline:4.Bd3
2.3.2 PanovBotvinnikAttack:4.c4
3 TwoKnightsVariation:2.Nc3d53.Nf3
4 Otherlines
5 ECOcodes
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6 Seealso
7 References
8 Furtherreading

History
TheopeningisnamedaftertheEnglishplayerHoratioCaroand
theAustrianplayerMarcusKannwhoanalyseditin1886.Kann
scoredanimpressive17movevictorywiththeCaroKann
DefenceagainstGermanBritishchesschampionJacquesMieses
atthe4thGermanChessCongressinHamburginMay1885:
1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf54.Bd3Bxd35.Qxd3e6
6.f4c57.c3Nc68.Nf3Qb69.00Nh610.b3cxd4
11.cxd4Nf512.Bb2Rc813.a3Ncxd414.Nxd4Bc5
15.Rd1Nxd416.Bxd4Bxd4+17.Qxd4Rc101[1]

1
a

Finalpositionafter17...Rc1

Mainline:2.d4d5
After2.d4d5themostcommonmovesare3.Nc3(ClassicalandModernvariations),3.Nd2(usually
transposinginto3.Nc3),3.exd5(ExchangeVariation),and3.e5(AdvanceVariation).

3.Nc3and3.Nd2
3.Nc3and3.Nd2usuallytransposeintoeachotherafter3...dxe44.Nxe4.Sincethe1970's,3.Nd2has
increasedinpopularitytoavoidtheGurgenidzeVariation(3.Nc3g6),howeversomeplayerschooseto
allowit.
ClassicalVariation:3...dxe44.Nxe4Bf5
ThemostcommonwayofhandlingtheCaroKann,theClassicalVariation(oftenreferredtoasthe
CapablancaVariationafterJosCapablanca),isdefinedbythemoves:
1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3(or3.Nd2)dxe44.Nxe4Bf5
ThiswaslongconsideredtorepresentbestplayforbothsidesintheCaroKann.Whiteusuallycontinues:
5.Ng3Bg66.h4h67.Nf3Nd78.h5Bh79.Bd3Bxd310.Qxd3
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AlthoughWhite'spawnonh5looksreadytoattack,itcanprove
tobeaweaknessinanendgame.[2]
MuchoftheCaroKann'sreputationasasoliddefencestems
fromthisvariation.Blackmakesveryfewcompromisesinpawn
structureandplaysatimelyc6c5tocontestthed4square.
VariationswithBlackcastlingqueensidegavetheCaroKannits
reputationofbeingsolidbutsomewhatboring.Morepopular
recentlyarevariationswithBlackcastlingkingsideandeven
leavinghiskinginthecentre.Thesevariationscanbesharpand
dynamic.
HereisabrilliancyillustratingWhite'sattackingchanceswhen
theplayerscastleonoppositesidesintheClassicalVariation:
LevMilmanJosephFang,FoxwoodsOpen,
2005[2]
1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Bf55.Ng3
Bg66.h4h67.Nf3Nd78.h5Bh79.Bd3Bxd3
10.Qxd3e6(10...Qc7avoidsWhite'snext)11.Bf4
Bb4+12.c3Be713.000Ngf614.Kb10015.
Ne5c5?!(15...Qa5isusualandbetter)16.Qf3
Qb6?(necessarywas16...cxd417.Rxd4Nxe5
18.Bxe5Qc819.Rhd1Rd820.Ne4withasmall
Whiteadvantage)17.Nxd7Nxd718.d5exd519.
Nf5!Bf620.Rxd5Qe621.Bxh6Ne5(21...gxh6
22.Rd6Qe823.Rxf6Nxf624.Qg3+matesong7)
22.Qe4Nc623.Qf3Ne5?(23...gxh624.Rd6Qe5
25.Nxh6+Kg726.Nf5+Kh7withanunclear
position)24.Qe4Nc625.Qg4!Qxd5(25...Ne5
26.Rxe5Qxe527.Bxg7Bxg728.h6wins)26.Bxg7
Qd3+27.Ka1Ne528.Ne7+!!Kh729.Qg6+!!
fxg630.hxg6+Kxg731.Rh7#(Whiteisdowna
queen,arook,andabishop!)[3][4]

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a

Classical/CapablancaVariationafter
4.Bf5

ModernVariation:3...dxe44.Nxe4Nd7
Anothersolidpositionalline,thisvariationischaracterisedbythemoves:
1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3(or3.Nd2)dxe44.Nxe4Nd7
AtonetimenamedafterthefirstworldchampionWilhelmSteinitz,nowadaysthevariationisvariously
referredtoastheSmyslovVariationaftertheseventhworldchampionVasilySmyslovwhoplayeda
numberofnotablegameswithit,theKarpovVariation,afterthetwelfthWorldChampionAnatolyKarpov,
inwhoserepertoireitappearedquiteoften,or,mostcommonly,theModernVariation.Theshorttermgoal
of4...Nd7istoeasedevelopmentbytheearlyexchangeofapairofKnightswithoutcompromisingthe
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structuralintegrityofhisposition.PlayissimilartotheClassical
VariationexceptthatBlackhasmorefreedombydelayingthe
developmentofhisbishop,andisnotforcedtoplayittotheg6
square.However,thisfreedomcomesatacostasWhiteenjoys
addedfreedomintakingupspaceinthecenter,andoftenplays
theaggressive5.Ng5!?whereBlack'sdevelopmentisbrought
intoquestionaswellasthepositionalweaknessofthef7square.
ThefamouslastgameoftheDeepBlueversusGarryKasparov
rematchwhereKasparovcommittedaknownblunderandlost
wasplayedinthisveryline.
Specialistknowledgeisamusttoplaythisopening.Otherwise
Blackcouldfallpreytoearlyattackssuchasthequickmating
trapforWhite5.Qe2andthen6.Nd6#.

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a

ModernVariationafter4...Nd7

3...dxe44.Nxe4Nf65.Nxf6+
TheBronsteinLarsenVariationandKorchnoiVariationboth
beginwiththefollowingmoves:
1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nf6!?5.Nxf6+

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a

Startingpointafter4...Nf6

BronsteinLarsenVariation:5...gxf6

TheBronsteinLarsenVariationarisesafter:
5...gxf6!?
Blackhasvoluntarilyoptedforaninferiorpawnstructureandapracticalnecessityofcastlingqueenside,
whilegainingdynamiccompensationintheformoftheopengfilefortherookandunusuallyactiveplay
fortheCaroKann.Itisgenerallyconsideredsomewhatunsound,thoughworldchampionshipchallenger
DavidBronsteinandformerworldchampionshipcandidateBentLarsenemployeditwithsomesuccess.

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1
a

BronsteinLarsenVariation(5...gxf6!?)

KorchnoiVariation:5...exf6

TheKorchnoiVariationarisesafter:
5...exf6
ViktorKorchnoihasplayed5...exf6manytimes(includinghis
firstworldchampionshipmatchwithAnatolyKarpov),andthis
linehasalsobeenemployedbyUlfAndersson.Black's5...exf6
isregardedassounderthan5...gxf6!?oftheBronsteinLarsen
VariationandoffersBlackrapiddevelopment,thoughalso
cedingWhitethesuperiorpawnstructureandlongterm
prospects(Blackhastobecautiousthatthedpawnisnowa
potentialpassedpawnintheendgame).

1
a

KorchnoiVariation(5...exf6)

GurgenidzeVariation:3.Nc3g6
TheGurgenidzeVariationis1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3g6.Blackpreparestofianchettothebishopong7,
creatingpressureagainstWhite'sd4pawn.After4.Nf3Bg7Whiteusuallyplays5.h3topreventthe...Bg4
pin.Thisvariation,originatedbyBukhutiGurgenidze,ledtoariseinthepopularityof3.Nd2duringthe
1970s.After3.Nd2,3...g6ismetby4.c3,whenthefianchettoedbishophaslittletodo.3.Nd2willusually
transposeintotheclassicalvariationafter3...dxe44.Nxe4.

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1
a

AdvanceVariation:3.e5
The3...Bf5variationthatfollowswith:
1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf5
hasgainedpopularityafterhavingpreviouslybeenwidely
regardedasinferiorformanyyears,owingchieflytothe
strategicdemolitionthatAronNimzowitsch(playingasWhite)
sufferedatthehandsofJosCapablancainoneoftheirgamesat
theNewYork1927tournament.[5]
TheAdvanceVariationhassincebeenrevitalizedbyaggressive
linessuchastheBayonetAttack(4.Nc3e65.g4),apopularline
inthe1980sandlaterfavouredbyLatvianGrandmasterAlexei
Shirov,orthelessambitiousvariation4.Nf3e65.Be2c56.Be3,
popularisedbyEnglishGrandmasterNigelShortandoftenseen
inthe1990s.

1
a

AdvanceVariationwith3...Bf5

The3...c5variationthatfollowswith:
1.e4c62.d4d53.e5c5!?
isanimportantalternativeandavoidstheweightoftheoryassociatedwith3...Bf5.ItwasusedbyMikhail
Botvinnikinhis1961matchversusMikhailTal(thoughwithanegativeoutcomeforBotvinniktwo
drawsandaloss).Thelinewaschristenedthe"Arkell/KhenkinVariation"intheleadingchessmagazine
NewinChessyearbook42inrecognitionoftheworkthesetwoGrandmastersdidandthesuccessthey
werehavingwiththevariation.IncomparisontotheFrenchDefence,Blacklacksthetemponormallyspent
on...e6.However,Whitecanonlyexploitthisbytheweakeningofhisowncentralbindwith4.dxc5when
Blackhasgoodchancesofregainingthepawn.

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1
a

Advancevariationwith3...c5

ExchangeVariation:3.exd5cxd5
TheExchangeVariationis1.e4c62.d4d53.exd5cxd5.

1
a

ExchangeVariation

Mainline:4.Bd3
The"true"ExchangeVariationbeginswith4.Bd3(toprevent...Bf5whilestilldeveloping)Nc65.c3Nf6
6.Bf4Bg47.Qb3.Thislineisconsideredtoofferequalchances,andwastriedbyBobbyFischer.Someof
thestrategicideasareanalogoustotheQueen'sGambitDeclined,ExchangeVariation,(1.d4d52.c4e6
3.Nc3Nf64.cxd5exd5)withcoloursreversed.

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1
a

ExchangeVariation4.Bd3

PanovBotvinnikAttack:4.c4
ThePanovBotvinnikAttackbeginswiththemove4.c4.Itis
namedafterVasilyPanovandtheworldchampionMikhail
Botvinnik.Thissystemoftenleadstotypicalisolatedqueen's
pawn(IQP)positions,withWhiteobtainingrapiddevelopment,
agripone5,andkingsideattackingchancestocompensatefor
thelongtermstructuralweaknessoftheisolatedd4pawn.The
majorvariationinthislineis4...Nf65.Nc3e66.Nf3,when
Black'smainalternativesare6...Bb4(apositionoften
transposingintolinesoftheNimzoIndianDefence)and6...Be7,
oncethemostcommonline.6...Nc6?!isinferiorasitis
favourablymetby7.c5!,afterwhichWhiteplansonseizingthe
e5squarebyadvancingthebpawntob5,orbyexchangingthe
blackknightonc6afterBb5.

1
a

PanovBotvinnikAttack

TwoKnightsVariation:2.Nc3d53.Nf3
1.e4c62.Nc3d53.Nf3(or2.Nf3d53.Nc3),playedbyBobbyFischerinhisyouth,whereWhite'sintention
istobenefitfromrapiddevelopmentaswellastoretainoptionsregardingthedpawn.Black'slogicaland
probablybestreplyis3...Bg4.After4.h3Bxf35.Qxf3,thepositionalcontinuation,Blackhastheoptionof
5...Nf6or5...e6.TheRetreatLine4...Bh5isplayablebutBlackmustbecareful.InNoteboomMindeno
1927Blacklostquicklyafter5.exd5cxd56.g4Bg67.Ne5a6?(7...Nc6isnecessary)8.h4d49.h5!dxc3
10.hxg6cxd2+11.Qxd2Qxd2+12.Bxd2andBlackmustlosematerial.[6]

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Thisvariationsetsatrap:ifBlackplaysalongthelinesofthe
ClassicalVariation,hegetsintroubleafter3...dxe44.Nxe4Bf5
(4...Nd7isplayable)5.Ng3Bg6?!(5...Bg4)6.h4h67.Ne5Bh7
(7...Qd6maybebest)8.Qh5!g6(forced)9.Bc4!e6(9...gxh5??
10.Bxf7#)10.Qe2withahugeadvantageforWhite.Now
10...Qe7!isbest.Instead,LaskerRadsheer,1908andAlekhine
Bruce,1938endedquicklyafter,respectively,10...Bg7??
11.Nxf7!and10...Nf6??11.Nxf7![7][8]

1
a

TwoKnightsVariation

Otherlines
Whitecanplay2.c4.ThenBlackmayplay2...d5(see1.e4c62.c4d5).ThiscantransposetothePanov
Botvinnik(B14,givenabove,withexd5cxd5d4)orCaroKann(B10,withthedoublecaptureond5).Or
Blackmayplay2...e5(see1.e4c62.c4e5).The2.c4linesometimesarisesbytranspositionfromthe
EnglishOpening:1.c4c62.e4.
FantasyorTartakowerVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.f3,whichsomewhatresemblestheBlackmarDiemer
Gambit.3...e6isprobablythemostsolidresponse,preparingtoexploitthedarksquaresvia...c5,though
3....g6hasbeentriedbyYasserSeirawan.GMLarsSchandorffandGMSamShanklandbothprefer
3...dxe44.fxe4e55.Nf3Bg46.Bc4Nd77.00Ngf68.c3Bd6withplaybeingsharpanddoubleedged.
Interesting,thoughprobablyinsufficientis3...e5.Thissocalled'TwistedFantasyVariation'aimstoexploit
white'sweaknessesonthea7g1diagonal.Anideawhichissimilarto3...Qb6,avariationchampionedby
BaadurJobava.RelatedtotheFantasyVariationarethegambits1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.f3,originated
bySirStuartMilnerBarry,and1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Bc4Nf65.f3by(vonHennig).
HillbillyAttack:1.e4c62.Bc4?!Thisismostoftenplayedbyweakerplayerswhoareunfamiliarwiththe
CaroKannDefence.If2...d53.exd5cxd5,Blackhassimplygainedatempoonthebishop.Nevertheless
GMSimonWilliamshasexperimentedwiththismove,followingitupbygambitingthepawnwith2...d5
3.Bb3!?[9]
TheDunstAttackTheDunstOpening,1.Nc3,hasmanytranspositionalpossibilities,andoneofthem
involvestheCaroKann.Afterthemoves1.e4c62.Nc3d53.Qf3!?,White'spositionissoundaccordingto
GrahamBurgess.[10]

ECOcodes
TheEncyclopaediaofChessOpenings(ECO)hastencodesfortheCaroKannDefence,B10throughB19:
B10Miscellaneous2ndmovesbyWhite
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HillbillyAttack:1.e4c62.Bc4
ModernEnglishVariation,AcceleratedPanov:1.e4c62.c4
BreyerVariation:1.e4c62.d3
MassachusettsDefense:1.e4c62.d4f5
MasiVariation:1.e4c62.d4Nf6
ScorpionHorusGambit:1.e4c62.Nc3d53.d3dxe44.Bg5
Spielmann/GoldmanVariation:1.e4c62.Nc3d53.Qf3
TwoKnightsVariation(without3...Bg4):1.e4c62.Nf3d53.Nc3
ApocalypseAttack:1.e4c62.Nf3d53.exd5cxd54.Ne5
B11TwoKnightsVariationwith3...Bg4
B12Miscellaneouslineswith2.d4
LandauGambit:1.e4c62.d4d53.Bd3Nf64.e5Nfd76.e6
MiesesGambit:1.e4c62.d4d53.Be3
DiemerDuhmGambit:1.e4c62.d4d53.c4
AdvanceVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.e5
PrinsAttack:1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf54.b4
BayonetVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf54.g4
TalVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf54.h4
VanderWielAttack:1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf54.Nc3
DreyevDefense:1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf54.Nc3Qb6
BronsteinVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf54.Ne2
ShortVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf54.Nf3e65.Be2
BotvinnikCarlsDefense:1.e4c62.d4d53.e5c5
MaroczyVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.f3
Fantasy/LilienfischVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.f3
MaroczyGambit:1.e4c62.d4d53.f3dxe44.fxe4e55.Nf3exd46.Bc4
ModernVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nd2
NewCaroKann1.e4c62.d4d53.Nd2g6
EdinburghVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nd2Qb6
UlyssesGambit:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nf3dxe44.Ng5
DeBruyckerDefense:1.e4c62.d4Na6
HectorGambit:1.e4c62.Nc3d53.Nf3dxe44.Ng5
B13ExchangeVariation
RubinsteinVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.exd5cxd54.Bd3Nc65.c3Nf66.Bf4
PanovBotvinnik:1.e4c62.d4d53.exd5cxd54.c4
PanovBotvinnik,GedultGunderamAttack:1.e4c62.d4d53.exd5cxd54.c4Nf65.c5
B14PanovBotvinnikAttackwith5...e6
CarlsbadLine:1.e4c62.d4d53.exd5cxd54.c4Nf65.Nc3Nc66.Bg5e6
CzerniakLine:1.e4c62.d4d53.exd5cxd54.c4Nf65.Nc3Nc66.Bg5Qa5
ReifirSpielmannLine:1.e4c62.d4d53.exd5cxd54.c4Nf65.Nc3Nc66.Bg5Qb6
B153.Nc3,miscellaneouslines
GurgenidzeVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3b5
VonHennigGambit:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Bc4
MilnerBarryGambit,RasaStudierGambit:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.f3
KnightVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nf6
Tarrasch/AlekhineGambit:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nf65.Bd3
TartakowerVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nf65.Nxf6+exf6
ForgacsVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nf65.Nxf6+exf66.Bc4
GurgenidzeSystem:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3g6
GurgenidzeVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3g64.e5Bg75.f4h5
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CampomanesAttack:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3Nf6
B16BronsteinLarsenVariation
FinnishVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4h6
BronsteinLarsenVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nf65.Nxf6+gxf6
KorchnoiVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nf65.Nxf6+exf6
B17SteinitzVariation
KarpovVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nd7
SmyslovVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nd75.Bc4Ngf66.Ng5e67.Qe2Nb6
TiviakovFischerAttack:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nd75.Bc4Ngf66.Nxf6+Nxf6
KasparovAttack:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nd75.Nf3Ngf66.Ng3
IvanchukDefense:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Nd75.Ng5Ndf6
B18ClassicalVariation
ClassicalVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Bf5
FlohrVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Bf55.Ng3Bg66.Nh3
B19ClassicalVariationwith7...Nd7
SpasskyVariation:1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Bf55.Ng3Bg66.h4h67.Nf3Nd78.h5
Bh79.Bd3Bxd310.Qxd3

Seealso
Listofchessopenings
Listofchessopeningsnamedafterpeople

References
1.JacquesMiesesvsMarcusKann(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1421894)
2.Schiller,p.33
3.NotesbasedonMilman'smuchmoreextensivenotesinChessLife,July2005,pp.1112.
4.MilmanFang,7thFoxwoodsOpen2005(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1340393).
ChessGames.com.Retrievedon20091030.
5.[1](http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1007846)
6.NoteboomMindeno1927(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1590007)
7.LaskerRadsheer,simultaneousexhibition1908(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1380166).
ChessGames.com.Retrievedon20090414.
8.AlekhineR.Bruce,Plymouth1938(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1250739).
ChessGames.com.Retrievedon20090414.
9.SimonKimWilliamsvsGawainJones,4NCL2011atchessgames.com
(http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1662720)
10.TheDunst:AttackingtheCaroKannwithanearlyQueensortie(http://brooklyn64.com/2011/thedunstattacking
thecarokannwithanearlyqueensortie/)

Bibliography
Schiller,Eric(2003).CompleteDefensetoKingPawnOpenings(2nded.).Cardoza.ISBN9781580421096.

Furtherreading
Houska,Jovanka(2007).PlaytheCaroKann:ACompleteChess
OpeningRepertoireAgainst1e4.London:EverymanChess.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caro%E2%80%93Kann_Defence

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ISBN1857444345.
OpeningTheoryhasapage
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Gallagher,Joe(2002).StartingOut:theCaroKann.EverymanChess.ISBN1857443039.
Silman,Jeremy(1990).DynamicKaroKann.SummitPub.ISBN9780945806028.
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