OFFICERS IAS ACADEMY

(Indias only Academy run by an IAS Officer)

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Arenas in Biotechnology

Genetic Engineering

Gene Manipulation

GE is a Technique of manipulating DNA with qualities it did not naturally posses

DNA Extraction : Homogenization, Lysis, Digestion, Separation and Collection

DNA Spooling

Restriction Analysis

Hazards of GE

Insertion of wrong DNA segment

Biological warfare

Genetic Modification of existing species

Recreation of extinct species

Generation of New strains of Bacteria

Threat to Biodiversity

Danger of wiping out of an entire species

MABs

Immune system- Antibodies

Antibodies:

-Extremely specific
-Remembering of an antigen
Methods:

Conventional method of preparing MABs

Hybridoma

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Plot No: 1940, 18 Main Road, Anna Nagar, Chennai-40

Ph: 044-65666222,9677120226,9677174226
Web: www.officersiasacademy.com

OFFICERS IAS ACADEMY

(Indias only Academy run by an IAS Officer)

Polyclonal vs monoclonal

Stem cells

Undifferentiated cells

Two types : embyonic stem cells

adult stem cells

Pluripotentecy

Induced pluripotency(iPS)

Adult stem cells-Brain, peripheral blood, bone marrow, blood vessels

Gene programming- Gene Silencing

Potential uses: organ development

cure for parkinsons & alzhimers

osteo arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

Imp. Organisations:
Reliance life sciences
National center for biological sciences
LV Prasad eye institute

Tissue Culture

TC is growing tissues in invitro conditions

Benefits :

Clonal propagation in mass scale

Obtaining disease free plants

New variety of crops which can withstand inhospitable conditions

Conservation of endangered plant species

2
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Plot No: 1940, 18 Main Road, Anna Nagar, Chennai-40

Ph: 044-65666222,9677120226,9677174226
Web: www.officersiasacademy.com

OFFICERS IAS ACADEMY

(Indias only Academy run by an IAS Officer)

Important organisations

NBPGR ICAR, New Delhi

NCL, Pune

NBRI, Lucknow

TERI, NewDelhi

CIMAP, Lucknow

TBGRI, Trivandrum

Microbial Biotechnology

Microbial Biotechnology + Genome Studies =

Improved vaccines

Disease diagnostic tools

Microbial Agents for biological controls of Pests

Reduced virulence of pathogens

Developments of Agents of Bioremediation

Advances in food safety and security

Research in agricultural studies

Food microbiology

Cryopreservation

Cooling to sub zero temp -196 Celsius

Vitrification

successful cryopreservation of biomaterials include: oocytes

semen
blood
embryos

3
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Plot No: 1940, 18 Main Road, Anna Nagar, Chennai-40

Ph: 044-65666222,9677120226,9677174226
Web: www.officersiasacademy.com

OFFICERS IAS ACADEMY

(Indias only Academy run by an IAS Officer)

Invitro fertilisation

Cryonics

Cloning

Clone = organism produced from a single parent

Making an identical copy which is physically as well as genetically

Naturally clones are not formed in animals

Human Genome Project

What is genome?

HGP primary goal-determine the sequence of base pairs which make up DNA

15Yrs and on

Unresolved issues- lack of adequate equipment

- problem in handling the tools

Detailed Epigenome map is unveiled

CSIR-IGIB sequenced entire genome of an individual

Horse and pigs genetic map decoded

Aplications of Biotechnology

Cure to parkinsons & alzhimers

Organ development invitro

Switch for inflamation in immune system found

Fight against mosquito borne diseases

synthetic vaccines

Engineered proteins

Bio computer

Bio remediation

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Plot No: 1940, 18 Main Road, Anna Nagar, Chennai-40

Ph: 044-65666222,9677120226,9677174226
Web: www.officersiasacademy.com

OFFICERS IAS ACADEMY

(Indias only Academy run by an IAS Officer)

Biopestisides

Biofuels

Crop Biotechnology

NEED POPULATION
MALNTRITION

Rice genome project- IRGSP

Golden rice

Dhan-45

High yield varieties

Genetically Modified Organisms

Modification by using molecular biologicaltechniques

Enhance the desired traits

Transgenic plants

Bt crops- Bt cotton

Cry gene

Benefits useful for beneficial insects

-reduced threat to plant
reduced pesticide exposure to plant

Genetically modified food

Genetically engineered crops gives GM foods

First GM food is Flavr savr

Bt brinjal- 3 varieties in 2002

Genetic engeneering approval committee

Pros and cons

5
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Plot No: 1940, 18 Main Road, Anna Nagar, Chennai-40

Ph: 044-65666222,9677120226,9677174226
Web: www.officersiasacademy.com