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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING

COST OF LAND
a) Purchase price of the land and transaction cost. Transaction cost includes non recoverable taxes
like documentary stamps, land registration and transfer taxes. This will also include legal fees, title
search and title guarantee insurance and survey fee. The purchase price shall be treated in one of
the two following manners in case there is an old building on the land that was purchased BASED
ON A NEW PIC.

If the OLD BUILDING IS USABLE regardless of the intention to demolish the building. The
purchase price shall be allocated based on the relative fair value of the land and old building.
Once again, inability to determine the fair value of both assets, the land and the building is a
simple hurdle in allocating the purchase price. It simply means that the determinable fair value
shall be deducted from the total purchase price and allocated to the other asset. For example if
Land and a USABLE OLD BUILDING is acquired for 5,000,000 and the FV of the land is
5,400,000 and the building is 600,000.

4,500,000 shall be capitalized as land (5.4 / 6) and 500,000 shall be capitalized s building
regardless if there is an intention to use the old building or demolish it to construct a new
building as long as it is USABLE.
If we can only determine the fair value of the building, 600,000 will be the cost of the building
and 4,400,000 (5,000,000 600,000) shall be the cost of the land.

If the OLD BUILDING IS UNUSABLE it is highly probable that the building shall be demolished
right away and any intention to use it is diminished. Therefore, the entire purchase price shall be
recorded as LAND ONLY.

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE COST OF THE OLD USABLE BUILDING WHEN DEMOLISHED?

The answer will depend on the classification of the land and the new building to be constructed.
PPE
COST of OLD BUILDING
DEMOLITION COST
SALVAGED VALUE

LOSS/EXPENSE
CAPITALIZED
AS BUILDING
DEDUCTED

Investment
Property
LOSS/EXPENSE
CAPITALIZED AS
INVESTMENT
PROPERTY
DEDUCTED

Inventory
CAPITALIZED
CAPITALIZED
AS INVENTORY
DEDUCTED

Reasoning behind requirements:

Cost of OLD BUILDING PPE and Investment property shall be initially measured at cost
which includes cost that are directly attributable to bring the asset to the condition intended
by management (PAS 16 and PAS 40), hence the cost of the old building is not directly
attributable cost. Meanwhile, the cost of inventories shall include indirect cost such as
indirect labor and overhead (PAS 2), therefore this loose classification somewhat justifies
the capitalization of the cost of the old building. Unlike for PPE and IP where the requirement
is very strict and specific.
DEMOLITION COST THAT IS CAPITALIZED - For ages, the demolition cost has been
capitalized as land since this is cost to prepare the land for its intended use, but now the
demolition cost has been likened to site preparation cost for items like machinery and
equipment. This is the basis of the conclusion of the PIC in capitalizing the demolision cost
to the NEW BUILDING (ACCOUNT).
However, it the classification is INVESTMENT PROPERTY or INVENTORY, only one
account shall be used and there is no allocation between land and building. Therefore
the demolition cost is capitalized to that single account only.

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REMEMBER THAT THIS WILL ONLY APPLY TO NEW BUILDING THAT IS

DEMOLISHED. AN OLD EXISTING BUILDING AND THE DEMOLITION COST SHALL
ALWAYS BE EXPENSED.

b)
c)
d)
e)

Unpaid mortgages and taxes in arrears assumed by the buyer.

Special assessment
Cost to relocate present occupants from existing operating lease contracts and informal settlers.
Option money or the reservation fee for land that is finally acquired. This should not be confused
with earnest money that is a down payment and part of the purchase price.
f) Cost of permanent improvements to the land that are determined to be nondrepreciable. This once
again should be clearly distinguished concrete and metal structures that are naturally temporary an
subject to wear and tear with the potential for replacement. Such items shall still be capitalized as
land improvement

BORROWING COSTS
Interest and other costs incurred by an enterprise in connection with the borrowing of
funds. Borrowing cost may include:
Borrowing Cost

a) Interest expense calculated using the effective interest method.

b) Finance charges in respect of finance leases
c) Exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that
they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs.

Qualifying Asset

An asset that takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.
Examples include:
a) Inventories
b) Manufacturing plants
c) Power generation facilities
d) Intangible assets
e) Investment properties.
Financial assets, and inventories that are manufactured, or otherwise produced, over
a short period of time, are not qualifying assets. Assets that are ready for their
intended use or sale when acquired are not qualifying assets.

Accounting Treatment The revised PAS 23 has specifically mentioned that interest on loans applied to
qualifying assets should be capitalized. This eliminates the benchmark and alternative treatment.
Borrowing Costs Eligible for Capitalization
Specific Borrowings - To the extent that funds are borrowed specifically for the purpose of
obtaining a qualifying asset, the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization on that asset
shall be determined as the actual borrowing costs incurred on that borrowing during the period
less any investment income on the temporary investment of those borrowings.
General Borrowings - To the extent that funds are borrowed generally and used for the purpose
of obtaining a qualifying asset, the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization shall be
determined by applying a capitalization rate to the expenditures on that asset. The capitalization
rate shall be the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to the borrowings of the entity
that are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically for the purpose of
obtaining a qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing costs capitalized during a period shall not
exceed the amount of borrowing costs incurred during that period.

Commencement of Capitalization

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The capitalization of borrowing costs, as part of the cost of a qualifying asset shall commence when:
(a) Expenditures for the asset are being incurred
(b) Borrowing costs are being incurred
(c) Activities that are necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use or sale are in progress.
Suspension of Capitalization
Capitalization of borrowing costs shall be suspended during extended periods in which active
development is interrupted.
Cessation of Capitalization
Capitalization of borrowing costs shall cease when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare
the qualifying asset for its intended use or sale are complete. When the construction of a qualifying
asset is completed in parts and each part is capable of being used while construction continues on other
parts, capitalization of borrowing costs shall cease when substantially all the activities necessary to
prepare that part for its intended use or sale are completed.
Disclosure
The financial statements shall disclose:
(a) The accounting policy adopted for borrowing costs;
(b) The amount of borrowing costs capitalized during the period; and
(c) The capitalization rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.

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