H

C
E
E
P
S
D
E
REPORT

D
E
T
R
O
P
E
R
W HAT IS
?
SPEEhCisH
hat
w
t
r
o
p
re
e
w
w
o
h
y
wa

Reported Speec
s
d
r
o
w
e
h
t
f
o
e
m
o
s
ing
g
n
a
h
c
y
b
id
a
s
s
a
h
.
g
in
someone
n
a
e
m
e
m
a
s
e
said, but retaining th

CHANGING VERB TENSES:

Direct speech

Reported speech

Simple present

Simple past

Present continuous

Past continuous

Simple past

past perfect

Present perfect

past perfect

Past perfect

past perfect

Present perfect continuous

Past perfect continuous

Past continuous

Past perfect continuous

future

Present conditional

Future continuous

Conditional continuous

EXAMPLE FROM CHANGING VERB TENSE:

Direct speech

Reported speech

Simple present
I always drink coffe, she said

Simple past
She said that she alwasys drank coffe

Presesnt continuous
I am reading a novel he explained

Past continuous
He explained that he was reading a novel

Simple paust
"Bill arrived on Saturday", he said.

Past perfect
He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday.

Present perfect
"I have been to Spain", he told me.

Past perfect
He told me that he had been to Spain.

Past perfect
"I had just turned out the light," he
explained.

Past perfect
He explained that he had just turned out
the light.

Direct speech
Present perfect continuous
They complained, "We have been
waiting for hours".

Reported speech

Past perfect continuous

They complained that they had been
waiting for hours.
Past perfect continuous
Past continuous
They told me that they had been living in
"We were living in Paris", they told me.
Paris.
Present conditional
Future
He said that he would be in Geneva on
"I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said.
Monday.
Conditional continuous
Future continuous
She said that she would be using the car
She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday".
next Friday.

DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED
SPEECH

Can

Could

May

Might

Must

had to

Shall

Should

Will

Would

Note: Past Modals Are Unchanged

Direct speech
May I go to the bathroom?
Reported speech
She asked if she could go to
the bathroom

-Changing Pronouns, Personal And Possessive.

-Pronouns Change (Or Not) Depending On The View Of The Reporter

Direct speech
I
Me
My
We
Us
Our
s
DIRECT SPEECH
JOHN SAID, I AM COMING.
INDIRECT SPEECH
JOHN SAID THAT HE WAS COMING.

Report speech
He/she Him/her His/h
er
they

them

their

It Is Often Necessary To Make Time And Place Changes In Relation To

Tense Changes:
Time And Place Changes

-Time

Expressions:
Direct speech

Reported speech

Now

Then

Today

That day

To night

That night

Yesterday

The day before

Tomorrow

The following day /

the next day

Next day / week/

month / year

The following day /

week / month / year

Place Expressions:

Direct speech
Here
This
There

Reported speech
There
That
Those

DIRECT SPEECH
JOHN SAID, I DID THIS EXERCISE LAST NIGHT.
INDIRECT SPEECH

JOHN SAID THAT HE HAD DONE THAT EXERCISE THE PREVIOUS NIGHT.

G
N
I
H
C
T
A
W
R
O
F
S
K
N
THA
CREATED BY
AMANAH ATIKAH