GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated

Vidhyadeep Institute of Engineering and Technology, Anita (Kim)

A Report On
Parking problem on road side

Under subject of

DESIGN ENGINEERING-2A
B.E., Semester-5
(Civil Branch)
Submitted by:
Group:8
Sr.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Name of student
GABANI JAY.B.
ITALIYA CHIRAG.H.
LAKHANI KEYUR.P.
MONPARA MITEN.J.
PANCHOTIYA URVISH.D.
MRS.MITALI KATHIWALA
(Faculty Guide)
MRS.VRUNDA SULE
(Head of the Department)

Academic year
(2016-2017)

Enrolment No.
140940106023
140940106038
140940106054
140940106061
140940106065

VIDHYADEEP INSTTUDE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOIGICAL (ANITA),

KIM

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. GABANI JAY ,

ITALIYA CHIRAG ,LAKHANI KEYUR

,MONPARA MITEN ,PANCHOTIYA URVISH 140940106023, 140940106038,
140940106054, 140940106061, 140940106065 Of Degree Civil Engineering

Department have successfully Completed his case study Report on PARKING

PROBLEM ON ROAD SIDE in the subject DESIGN ENGINEERING in year 2016.

DATE:-______________

INTERNAL FACULTY

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide Asst. prof.

MITALI KATHIWALA for his valuable guidance and motivation and for her
extreme co-operation to complete my seminar report successfully.

I would like to express my sincere respect and profound gratitude to, Prof. Mrs.

VRUNDA SULE, Head of CIVIL . for supporting and providing the

facilities for my seminar work.

Finally, my special thanks to my parents for their moral support and

encouragement.
1. GABANI JAY B
2. ITALIYA CHIRAG H
3. LAKHANI KEYUR P
4. MONPARA MITEN J
5. PANCHOTIYA URVISH D

INDEX

NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

NAME
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
PREPARATION OF CANVASES
FEEDBACK ANALYSIS
SUMMARY PAPERS
SUMMARY OF THE LERNING FROM REVERSE
ENGINEERING ACTIVITY
CASE STUDY
DESIGN THINKING & VALIDATION PROCESS

PAGE
NO

1
2
23
24
31
33
40

1.INTRODUCTION:
Importance of multi level parking and smart parking system:
It could be convenience for the peoples for parking.
It could be economical.
Road side problems could be solve.

Parking angle
Parking angles used in off street car parks shall be as fallows:
(A)90 degree angle parking
Parking aisles for 90 degree parking shall be designed for tow way
movement even through one way movement may need to be imposed in some
instances.
(B)30, 45, or 60 degree angle parking
Where space is limited or dose not lend itself to 90 degree parking. 30, 45,
or 60 degree parking may be used instend. Aisles serving such spaces shall be one
way with forward entry into the spaces only.

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AEIOU SUMMARY

There are environment:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Noise
Dusty
Hot weather
Pollution
Clouds
Greenery
Foggy
Fresh air
Trees & plants

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Interactions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

People issue
Man woman issue
Traffic police & vehicle drivers
Watchman & visitors
Security & student
Bike owner & bike lifter

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There are objects:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Divider
Police stick & whistles
Vehicles
Posters
Digital boards
CCTV camera
Dustbin
Watch man

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There are Activities :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Car parking
Eating food
Policeman whistling
Traffic jam
Off street parking
BRTS station construction
Road construction

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There are users:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Sales man
Tour & travelers
Students
Traffic police
Transporter
Visitor
Labour

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Define Which Area?

We had visited mini bazaar and singonpor road and we find that there was traffic
problem because of that there was multilevel parking made by SMC. And we have
made AEIOU summary sheet from that we had concluded that by A-Activities,
which were going on road side by number of peoples. And E stands for
Environment on road side at the time of observation. I-Interaction of peoples on
road sides. O-Objects which were there we find on road side. U-Users of parking
at the time of observation.
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MIND MAPPING:

Mind mapping is a technique to develop the thinking approach of person observing

over a project by thinking more and better over their subject. A mind map is a
graphical way to represent ideas and concepts. It is a visual thinking tool that helps
structuring information, helping you to better analyze, comprehend, synthesize,
recall and generate new ideas.
Just as in every great idea, its power lies in its simple
There are main users and stakeholders
Main users: visitors, students, employees
Stakeholders: salesman, drivers, tours and travelers, handicapped people, etc.

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.There are Main users:1. Visitor

2. Students
3. Employee

There are Stakeholders:1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Salesman
Drivers
Traffic Police
Handicapped People
Transporter
Tours & Travellers

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There are activities:1. Car Parking

2. Road Construction
3. Off Street Parking
4. Bike Parking
5. Auto Parking
6. People Taking Lunch on Road side
7. Parked Vehicle in No Parking Zone
8. Accident
9. Traffic Jam
10.Vehicle Pickup Crane
11.Policeman Whistling
12.Bus Parking

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HAPPY STORIES:
1At PVR cinema theatre parking are full and one person named jay was waiting
for place to park his bike and the show was going to start and jay was suffering to
put his bike, at a time one gentle person named saileshbhai help him to put his by
putting other bikes properly in a row.
2Once at Dumas beach one person pareshbhai parked his bike in a row and other
bikes were uneven on roadside and RTO(regional transport office) persons lifted
other bikes which uneven on road side and pareshbhai bike are saved.

SAD STORIES:
1Once at gajera circle on road side at tea stall some peoples put their bikes and
therefore customers of that tea stall were problems and because of that owner of
tea stall and bike owner started fighting with each other.

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2At railway station two friend named raj and suraj went out of station and

parked their motorcycle on road where was no parking and when they come back
at a place their bikes were stoled and both of them become very sad.

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IDEATION CANVAS:

There are many peoples which are included in ideation canvas:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Driver
Labour
Student
Visitor
Employee
Beggars
Policeman
Salesman

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There were many peoples to whom we saw about doing activities:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Drivers were parking cars and vehicles.

Labors were working on road side on road construction work.
Students going for tuition.
Visitors taking visit on historical places.
Policeman whistling on traffic signals.

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There are many tools/objects/equipment based on which peoples work:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Cars on roadside.
Shovel for road construction.
Books and pen for students.
Garland for god by visitors.
Bowl and coins by beggars.
Sticks and whistles by policeman.
Chalks and blackboard of teachers.

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There were many Props which we find it on road side:1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Car
Shovel
Books & Pen
Office Bag , Laptop
Sticks & Whistle
Pen , Bill Book
Chalks & Blackboard
Coconut

There were many interactions which we find it on road side:1. Policeman and watchman interacting about some bikes parked in no
parking.
2. Beggars and people interacting about place of parking on road side.
3. Bike owner and bike lifter on road side interacting on bike towed in
towing van.
4. Security and students taking about parking place on road side.
5. Men and women issue on parking place on road side.
6. Watchman and students interacting for parking.
7. Visitors and guide interacting on historical place.
8. Teachers and students interacting on tuition
9. Policeman and beggars on road.
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10.Transporters and policeman interacting on document.

11.Salesman and common peoples interacting on road place.
12.Car driver and watchman interacting on parking problem.

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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS:

PURPOSES:
High capacity of parking vehicles in multilevel parking.
Easy transportation on road side.
Safe and comfortable for driving vehicles on road side.

PRODUCT EXPERIENCE:

Comfortable
Faster
less pollution
Better and safe.

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PRODUCT FUNCTIONS:
Good security system
high capacity for parking
valet parking.

PRODUCT FEATURES:

Cleanness
Toilet
refreshment room
fire extinguisher
Security
AC and NON AC room.

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COMPONENTS:

CCTV camera
Dustbin
digital posters
speed breakers
Solar light poles.

CUSTOMER REVALDATION:
Reasonable cost.
Need comfortable.

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We took visit on ring road and we saw multilevel parking on road by

government. So there should be high capacity parking by make it large and
there should be high security system over there for safety and there should
be comfortable parking. There should be region able cost.

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FEEDBACK

Multi level parking is not economical.

Enough space is not available in railway station.
Car parking is very big problem for mini bazaar.
Because of chaotic parking big problem created like a traffic jam.
Traffic jam through created noise pollution .
Because of chaotic parking road are block and created traffic jam.
Smart parking could be convenience.

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RESEARCH PAPER 1
INTRODUCTION
DTCP(1986),
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION STUDY,TAMILNADU

The availability of less space in urban areas has increased demand for
parking space especially in central business area. This affects the mode
choice also. This has a great economical impact. Two wheeler sales at 15
million are expected to grow 14-15%, while car sales close to 8 lakhs units a
year. In order to accommodate the large volume of vehicle, small cities and
towns must develop the affect their infrastructures roads, flyovers, car
parks and other facilities. Otherwise their arteries are most likely to get
clogged like it happens in big and mini metros. The solution for this is
systemic survey and management of traffic and pedestrian, although at a
nascent stage in India, it the one of the options to decongest roads and solve
parking and pedestrian problems. Before taking any measures for betterment
of conditioned, data regarding availability of parking space, extent of it
usage and parking surveys are intended to all these information. Since the
duration of parking varies with different vehicles, the data has to be analyzed
to access the parking need. As the traffic on the existing road system in the
cities increases, congestion becomes serious problem.
Parking is one of the serious problems that confront the urban planner and
traffic engineer. Before any measure for the betterment of the conditions
can be formulated basic data pertaining to the availability of parking space,
extent of its usage and parking demand are essential.Parking survey is
intended to supply all these kind of information.With the growing
population of motor vehicles, the problem of parking has assumed serious
proportions. A systematic study of parking characteristic and demand and
regulatory measures that are possible for controlling is of great help to a
traffic engineers as well as town planner. As per as survey carried out in
India it is roughly estimated that out of 8760 hours in year the car runs for
an average for only 400 hours leaving 8360 hours when it is parked.

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RESEARCH PAPER 2
PARKING STUDY IN URBAN CENTER
HANSPETER GEORGI,
PUBLIC INVESTMENT

Parking is an essential component of the transportation system.

Vehicles must park at every destination. A typical automobile is parked 23 hours
each day, and uses several parking spaces each week. Parking facilities are a major
cost to society and parking conflicts are among the most common problems facing
designers, operator, p[lanners and other officials. Such problem can be often
defined either in terms of supply (too few spaces are available, somebody must
build more) or in terms of management (available facilities are used inefficiently
and should be better managed). Management solutions tend to be better than
expanding supply because they support more strategic planning.
OBJECTIVES

Reduced development costs and increased affordability.

Encourage use of alternative modes and reduce motor vehicle use (thereby
reducing traffic congestion, accidents and pollution)
Improved design flexibility, creating more functional and attractive
communities.
Ability to accommodate new uses and respond to new demands.
Reduced impervious surface and related environmental and aesthetic
benefits.

Parking management refers to policies and programs that results in more

efficient use of parking resources. Parking management includes several
specific strategies; nearly two dozen are described in this report. When
appropriately applied parking management can significantly reduce the
number of parking spaces required in a particular situation, providing a
variety of economic, social and environmental benefits. When all impacts
are considered, improved management is often the best solution to
parking problems
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RESEARCH PAPER 3
REQUIREMENT STUDY
KADIYALI.L.R.(2007),DELHI

There is some minimum parking requirement for different types of building

For residential plotless than 300 Sq.m. only community parking space is
required.
For residential plaot area from 500 to 1000Sq.m, minimum onefourth of the
open area should be resereved for parking.
Offices may require atleast one space for every 70Sq.m Parking area.
One parking space is enough for 10 seats in a resturant
where as theatres and cinema halls need to keep only one parking space for
20 seats.
Thus the parking requirement is different for different landuse zones.
Average parking duration:
It is the ratio of total vehicle hours to the number of vehicles parked.
Parking duration = Parking load/Parking volume
Parking turnover:
It is the ratio of number of vehicles parked in duration to the number of
parking bays available.
Parking duration = Parking volume/Number of bays available

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RESEARCH PAPER 4
ESSENTIALITY
Roadside parking problem has created traffic issues. This can be rectified
by creating multilevel parking in each area. Example, as in multilevel
parking.
Power cut is another issue. Each locality can have solar panels half the
number of houses in locality. Example, if there are 50 houses in the
locality, 25 solar panels can be setup alternatively to meet the power cut
issue.
Waste management should be actively participated by the locals and the
municipal corporations.
Left-over food from each house should not be thrown away in drains.
Instead, it should be sent to the corporations (working for children) each
night by 10pm.
CCTV cameras be setup for the safety against eve teasing and theft, etc.
Sanitation problem can be rectified by creating covered drains. Bleaching
powder should be sprinkled weekly to avoid insects.
Rain water harvesting methods should be made compulsory to be adopted
by each house.
In case of any rally, berates, or other heavy people gathering on the roads
should be allowed only on the specified boundary. A rope should be used
to divide the road in advance
Parks should be looked for welfare by planting trees and by installing new
swings.
Bus stands should be far from railway station and airport because it
creates double traffic.

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RESEARCH PAPER 5
TRAFFIC STUDY DUE TO TRANSPORTATION
Parking is an essential component of the transportation system. It is
increasingly becoming an important aspect of transportation planning.
Parking facilities are a major cost to society, and parking conflicts are
among the most common problems facing designers, operators, planners and
other officials.
Public parking spaces as one of the important parts of a modern urban
transportation system, plays an important role in decreasing the load of
heavy traffic.
Suitable site selection for public parking spaces not only increases the
parking efficiency, but it also decreases marginal car parking and so results
in increase of streets' width and traffic fluency. A systematic study of
parking characteristic, demand and regulatory measures that are possible for
controlling is of great help to a traffic engineers as well as town planner.
Though there are parking lots available in these cities, the capacity of the
parking lot is not sufficient to cater to the present demand and at the same
time the location of the parking lot is questionable. In the absence of
adequate parking facilities, the vehicles are parked on the side of the street
leading to a major bottleneck in the smooth flow of traffic.
In addition, high population density, large number of pavement hawkers,
sidewalk encroachments, heterogeneous nature of traffic and commercial
area development along all the major roads have compounded the problem
of congestion on the main as well as internal roads of these cities.
Problems can be often defined either in terms of supply (too few spaces are
available, somebody must build more) or in terms of management (available
facilities are used inefficiently and should be better managed).
Parking management includes several specific strategies. When
appropriately applied management can significantly reduce the number of
parking spaces required in a particular situation, providing a variety of
economic, social and environmental benefits.
When all impacts are considered, improved management is often the best
solution to parking problems.

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RESEARCH PAPER 6
DEMAND ASSESSMENT
The study area situated in a commercially vibrant location attracts
significant number of shoppers generating a sizeable parking demand. It has
many movie screens which also attract trips. These factors combined with
the commercial surroundings attract a customer and traveller base that has a
preference for personalized mode of travel. With the increased use of
personalized modes of transport, the parking demand is high.
BBMP had developed this MLCP on PPP model basis to provide public
parking, due to its commercial viability. The MLCP with shopping mall did
not have any Parking Demand Assessment study conducted prior to its
construction thus resulting in irregular demand / supply of parking.
The objective of this study is to assess the existing parking demand and
supply for the study area, to assess how the existing MLCP facility can be
optimally used, the measures to improve vehicular circulation in and around
the study area, and to identify other factors that might affect the parking
demand.
Parking accumulation: It is defines as the number of vehicle parked at a
given instant of time. Normally this is expressed by accumulation curve.
Accumulation curve is a graph obtained by plotting the numbers of bays
occupied with respect to time.
Parking volume: Parking volume is the total number of vehicle parked at a
given duration of time. This does not account for repetition of vehicles. The
actual volume of vehicles entered in the area is recorded.
Parking load: parking load gives the area under the accumulation curve. It
can also be obtained by simply multiplying the numbers of vehicles
occupying the parking area at each time interval with the time interval. It is
expressed as vehicle hour.
Parking Index = Parking volume/Number of bays available .This can be
expressed as number of vehicles per day per time requirement.
Parking duration: The length of time spent in a parking space.

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 To effectively manage parking demand through a series of measures which

include dynamic pricing of parking, congestion tax, proof of parking
(vehicle-parking certificates) etc.
To effectively manage parking supply through construction and
maintenance of off-street and on street parking lots, park and ride facilities
in important transit centres and effective regulation of on-street and offstreet parking etc.
To design parking infrastructure keeping in view the needs of physically
handicapped, non motorized transport etc.
To design and construct truck terminals at vantage points to prevent
haphazard parking of trucks on the arterial roads.

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PURPOSE/PRODUCT CONCEPT:
Area management
To provide comfortable parking
To provide safety
DURING BE 2
To survey traffic area
Traffic rules
Energy conversation
Software : ma office
List of provide safety
List of parking system
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 Parking angle
Parking angles used in off street car parks shall be as fallows:
(A)90 degree angle parking
Parking aisles for 90 degree parking shall be designed for tow way
movement even through one way movement may need to be imposed in
some instances.
(B)30, 45, or 60 degree angle parking
Where space is limited or dose not lend itself to 90 degree parking. 30,
45, or 60 degree parking may be used instend. Aisles serving such spaces
shall be one way with forward entry into the spaces only.
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Solving parking issues:

a case study of Abu Dhabi city
M. Dibas, A. Al Jassmi & M. Ibrahim
Department of Transport in Abu Dhabi, UAE

Abstract
Abu Dhabi has grown tremendously over a brief period of time. With this rapid
growth there are usually growing pains. Knowing that the city would be of
significant size and densely populated the road system was constructed with high
capacities. Although these considerations were made for the movement of
vehicles, it seems that the storage of these same vehicles was not given the same
level of consideration. The road system was designed, but early on parking
requirements was not enforced.
Over the past several years, the Emirate has made attempts to correct vehicle
storage or parking issues. The Department of Transport in Abu Dhabi prepared
the Abu Dhabi Parking Strategy, which was comprehensive in scope as it
documented current characteristics of parking from a supply/demand standpoint
as well as a planning and policy standpoint (legislation and regulation). The
strategy identified current and potential future issues, and provided an action
plan to correct existing problems and mitigate potential negative impacts in the
future.
To date, parking management system which known as MAWAQiF, has had
the greatest impact on parking with broad reach of parking operations and
parking enforcement.

1 Introduction
The Emirate of Abu Dhabi has witnessed transformative growth over the past
forty years, to drive forward social and economic developments including traffic
growth and the issue of parking problems became a serious issue for residents
and businesses. In 2009, the Department of Transport (DoT) published the 2030
Abu Dhabi Surface Transport Master Plan (STMP) to develop the transport
aspects of Plan 2030. Effective parking management and development control
formed a key part of the Congestion Management Strategy set out in the plan.
For Abu Dhabi Island, in 2009, parking and land use surveys were completed
in 46 sectors predominantly in the CBD (approximately 152 sectors on Abu
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Dhabi Island) where parking congestion had been observed.

The parking survey indicated that in some sectors the parking demand was
much higher than the available spaces for on-street parking. This formed the
basis for the estimation of parking shortfalls and recommendation of actions to
increase the parking supply and reduce parking demand.
Two methods were applied for the estimation of the parking demand:

1.1 Method 1: parking survey data

The parking surveys in the 46 sectors provided the number of parked vehicles,
legal and illegal, at several times of the day. This measured and revealed the
utilization of parking spaces and was considered to reflect the real demand.

1.2 Method 2: land use based parking demand calculations

This method used the applicable DoT parking demand rates for various land uses
to estimate the parking demand. The two inputs to this method are the parking
rates and the land use intensities according to the 2012 Abu Dhabi Trip
Generation and Parking Rates Manual (ADTGM).

2 Appraisal of historical problem

A clear understanding of the historic parking supply issues and current demand
for parking is an essential foundation for the Parking Strategy. This section
includes an overview of the historic problems and associated impacts.
As illustrated in Figure 1 the problems stem in part from supply issues
resulting from the historical plot sizes allocated to developers and in part from
lack of parking management.
From the supply side, many high-rise buildings (20+ floors) have been
permitted to be constructed on plots typically measuring 24m x 20m or less, with
the following impacts:
Basement car parks are difficult to construct due to size limitations and
several floors are required to meet demand. Due to high water table
levels it has been generally accepted that 2 to 3 basement levels is a
reasonable provision as additional levels are too costly;
Difficulty in providing required gradients and meeting other design
criteria for vehicle circulation; and
High capital and maintenance costs of automated parking, which has the
potential to partially mitigate the problem, has been considered prohibitive.
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Figure 1: Historic parking problem diagram.

Therefore, significant difficulties were encountered with supplying parking
underground. Moreover, the historic development code used did not allow the
above ground floors to be used for parking. As a result of the above and in
the absence of clear enforcement and regulation of providing parking
requirements, many buildings were exempted from providing parking facilities.
In addition to this structural parking deficit there were several parking
management issues that have exacerbated the parking problem including:
Lack of adequate enforcement of land use policy often creates parking
problems within Abu Dhabi. For instance, the conversion of residential
towers into commercial office space without proper authorization has
resulted in severe parking shortages;
Division and sub-division of housing units effectively multiplying the
number of people per household;
Certain businesses, such as rental car companies, occupy the existing
surface parking lots for extended periods of time;
Misuse of private off-street parking by private renting rather than
assignment it to the building tenants. This is an indication of the
propensity to unbundle parking from the rental of property. This is
requires further study as part of the strategy action plans;
Irregular on-street parking resulting from un-marked parking bays/ lots
within specific sectors;
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 Abandoned vehicles, (written off after accidents or whose owners have

left the country), scrap and trolleys occupying or stored on marked
parking areas;
Over-concentration of land-uses within one district or sector, e.g., the
private school zone and the government agencies in the civic centre,
which creates a huge demand for parking facilities; and
Land-use planning not being utilized to address problems through
mixed use shared parking concepts.
On 20 October 2009, Law No. 18 formally assigned the responsibility for
parking management to the Department of Transportation. DoT had begun
activities related to parking management during the first half of 2009 and
established MAWAQiF as the division for the parking management program.

3 Achievements to date
Significant achievements have been made to manage the parking system within
Abu Dhabi since 2009 after Law 18 was issued to transfer parking management
to DoT. Some of the key benefits of the implementation of MAWAQiF include:
Improved access, circulation and parking layout changes;
Better provisions of turnaround facilities for vehicles;
Improved safety for vehicles / pedestrians;
Improved accessibility for emergency vehicles;
Improved pedestrian mobility, raised pedestrian crossings, traffic
calming measures and handicap access and parking provisions;
Improved ingress and egress to/from parking areas;
Various parking restrictions applied and issuance of illegal parking
violations;
Disabled parking spaces are being provided as needed;
Spaces for Civil Defense, Ambulance and taxis are provided;
System is in place to handle requests from construction companies;
Enforcement through towing and storage of abandoned vehicles is in
effect;
Inspectors are deployed to enforce regulations;
Permits for residential and commercial uses are issued;
Efforts made to monitor and enforce supply of parking in existing
buildings; and
Multiple convenient payment methods exist for payment of parking
fees.
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As of early 2014 the total number of on street surface parking bays in the Abu
Dhabi Island is 102,981 spaces from 95,504 bays in 2009.

4 Stakeholder engagement and feedback

The key role that parking plays in the urban fabric of any city as a land use as
well as part of the transport system calls for interactions with a variety of
Government and private stakeholders to facilitate the development process of a
Parking Strategy that will be embraced by all. As such, the Parking Strategy has
been informed by an extensive programme of internal and external stakeholder
engagements.
Twelve stakeholder groups were represented in the two rounds of consultation
process in the development of the Parking Strategy. The stakeholder
engagements were aimed to identify current parking problems and possible
solutions and objectives to inform the development of the Parking Strategy
Report. The majority of the stakeholders acknowledged that parking
management MAWAQiF, should be a component of the overall Transport
Mobility Management (TMM) within a city, and more coordination between
MAWAQiF, Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council (UPC), and other public
transportation elements is required. There is also a need for government-level
supervision of the entire public transport system and the multi-billion dirham
planned public transport investments to ensure that parking supply and other
individual components are not being optimized at the expense of the overall
system.

5 Policies and regulations

In relation to world practice benchmarking, Table 1 (source of data except Abu
Dhabi: Rye [1]) represents how different cities around the world approach
particular aspects of parking policies. Key aspects from the table include:
Most cities have developed some form of on street parking regulation;
A number of cities have developed parking standards for new buildings;
Parking guidance systems (ITS) have recently been implemented across
many European and North American cities;
Abu Dhabi is arguably catching up with the worlds best practices in regards
to policy and planning and the following points present a summary for each
policy that will empower better managed, well enforced and effective parking.
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6 Recommendations and key factors sustaining Abu Dhabi

parking strategy
The key factors sustaining Abu Dhabi parking strategy are:
Objectives Mixed objective parking strategies are sustainable and
should be adopted as the basis for any review of the strategy;
Need for Controls Lack of parking controls is a significant cause of
parking problems rather than a lack of provision;
Live Document The Parking Strategy needs to be seen as a live,
flexible document which will need to be adaptable to emerging future
needs and issues;
Historic Deficits Focus on addressing the historic deficits on Abu
Dhabi Island in a sustainable manner with optimal provision of
additional parking controls and off-street parking facilities as key
actions;
Extend Controls Extend existing controls in the CBD and complete
the introduction of paid parking in other areas.
Industrial Areas Development of controls for use in the industrial
areas;
New Growth Areas Introduction of new controls in all the new, higher
density growth areas.
TMM and PT Support The use of parking controls to support
transportation mobility management (TMM) strategies and the use of
PT and non-auto modes. This involves a reciprocal obligation and will
only be viable when public transport proposals are implemented to
deliver a network that meets the needs of a global city and which offers
a viable alternative mode choice to users;
Differential paid parking Need to introduce parking controls
progressively, including the use of differential paid parking rates;
Special Needs Special access needs for vulnerable road users and road
freight;
Enforcement Need to provide a basis for comprehensive parking
enforcement within urban areas;
Area treatments Area based treatments and action plans should be
reviewed and extended to meet emerging needs;
Governance of strategy Need for effective governance of the progress
and performance inherent in implementing the Strategy Action Plans
and continued stakeholder involvement in the successful
implementation and evaluation of the Strategy;
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 Improved coordination Need to coordinate internal and external

stakeholder actions
Improved positive publicity Creation of more positive messaging
around parking enforcement and parking facilities.
The value of parking management and adequate supply of parking cannot be
overstated. Research shows that over 50% of the traffic in typical downtown
areas is simply on the road, cruising around the block searching for vacant,
convenient parking spaces (source: Millard-Ball [2]).
Undoubtedly, the historic parking problems continue to contribute to traffic
congestion with significant adverse economic and environmental
implications to businesses and the general public within the Abu Dhabi
Island and other centres in the emirate. In the short term, Abu Dhabi Parking
Strategy seeks to continue to address the historic parking problems in the
context of current and planned land use developments and public transport
initiatives.

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LEARNING DESIGN AND VALIDATION PROCESS

LEARNING DESIGN
We thought on the daily study on parking problems on roadside, we decided
about the preliminary parking wherever some place is there.
We planed that to make a starting of this preliminary with free parking is to
be provided and there is different types of parking for different types of vehicles.
The types of parking provided are 30,45,60,90 degree parking so that vehicles can
be parked and there is no damage of vehicles during parking but for preliminary
parking some open space should be there.
And this parking is costly but primary free parking is to be provided and
after that pay and park is provided and we also need government support for this
and this parking does not need too much maintenance as it is provided on open
place and built up cost for preliminary parking is also very low.
VALIDATION PROCESS
Users of a facility should feel safe and not feel imprisoned or threatened. For
example lighting, security cameras, emergency telephones, and appropriate
vendors are preferable to fences and on-site security. Frequent removal of graffiti,
broken glass, and trash is important when providing an environment that feels safe
and secure to the user.
The perception of safety is as important as its reality. In planting areas near
conflicting traffic movement, such as backing vehicles or opposing traffic,
selectshrubs and groundcovers that grow no higher than 2 feet and keep trees
limbed up to 8 feet above ground level to provide clear sight lines for safe traffic
movement.
Clear lines of vision are important so that police can provide surveillance
within the site and surveillance from the street. Lighting is an important component
in pedestrian and vehicle security and safety.

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