6 ENGINEERING SECTION Bearing Life Calculations / Selection Bearing Life Many dtferent performance criteria exist that dictate haw a bearing should bo solocted. Thse includ bearing fatigue if, rotational retision, ower requirements, temperature mits, speed capabilities, sound, et. The lif can aso be limited by other system components such a the shaft, shaft interface an the housing, This publication deals primarily with beating lif as related to material associated fatigue. Bearing lifes defined here as the length of ime, or umber of revolutions, unt fatigue spall of mm (0.01 in) develops. Since ‘motal fatigue i a statistical phanomenon, the lfe of an individual bearing is impossible to precisely predetermine. Bearings that may ‘appear tobe identical can exhibit considerable life scatter when tested under identical enntions. Thus is necessary to base life predictions 01 a statistical evaluation ofa large numberof bearings operating under similar conditions. The Weibul distribution function is eommony used to roi the life of population of bearings at any given olitlity level Rating Life Rating if) te life thet $0 percent ofa group of appaenty identical bearings wil complete or exceed before aftigue spall of 6 rm [0.0 in dvelps. The ite als is asociozed with 0 percent reiblty for single bearing under a certain ad Bearing Life Equation: The lf hasbeen calculated as flows forbestngs nde ai or combine lang wher th dai nro aia load, () has teen determined Tapered tlle bearings often use @ dynamic loa rating (based on ninety milion eels, yielding the equations as follows: | oy \ 2} 302104 revolutions p orthased on shaft speed, (RPM), “EEF “Timken has expanded standard life equations to include certain additional ‘aiabies that can affect boaring perfomance. The approach whereby ‘thas factors are considored in te bearing analysis and selection has been termed Bearing Systems Analysis (BSA The Tinken expanded bearing life equation is: Gg | sox 108 Li = Aiea ntay 7 hours on Whore, a, = Rolaily Life Factor 3, = Material Lite Factor ay = Debris Life Factor ay = load Zone Lite Factor ‘ay = Lubrication Life Factor Misalignment Life Factor Low Load Lite Factor ‘More detis on Life Adjustment Factors can be found inthe Engineering Section of the Tinken Product Catalog o by contacting a Timken ‘echnical sales representative. ter factors that can be taken into ‘account within the simple bearing ite equation are shork or vibration These are known to occur in many industrial applications due to combined facts including imbalanced dynamic frees, abusive handling, equipment misuse or neglect. These ae diffcul to predict When these conditions ae known or suspected to occur, we suggest that equipment designers uso a multiplication fata of (1.5 xP) to estimate eects ‘an housed uit selection and sytem reliability Performance testing or advanced analysis strongly supgested to validate ral prosuct sleeton. ‘Timken® Roller Housed Unit Selection The Tirken double extend tapered roller bearings used inthe roller hosed units in this catalog are suited for carrying radial thrust or 2 combination af both typ of loading. This section wil dscribe the bearing selection process using different methods based on selection citer and application details ‘Method 1 ~ Selection table (radial loads only) Noto: Based on oforence conditions with adoquate lubrication. 1. Datermine criteria for bearing selection 8. pli required Size of bearing based on shaft sie (if known) Loading conditions radial and tnust of the aplication Shaft speed {APM 2. Uso Tale t:Timton® Type E Tapered Rolle Bearing Load Rating Selection Table Find speed criteria on upper roe Proceed in the column diet below that pesto the radial load) tat sequal oor greater than that required. «Fallow tat ow tote left to determine what the minimum Shalt size shoud be forthe equ ie hours. Many values alist to help in clang the proper baringENGINEERING SECTION Bearing Life Calculations / Selection - continued ‘Method 2 ~ Using bearing life equation to select bearing for a different Ly life (radial loads only) ita diferent if is ecuied than what is found in Table 1: Timken® Type Tapered Follr Bearing Load Rating Selection Tabla, it ean be caleulated ‘rom the bearing ie equation. Note that each value the selection table ‘was caleulated using this equation, The equation canbe rewriten based on the unknown value. Tae the bearing life equation shown previously Fae a ° on is (* p (= _ ° 7 Then to solve for Cx «(a (*] ‘Aft calulating the Cy, chack Table : Timken Type E Taperad Roller Bearing Load Rating Selection Table to deterine the shaft size needed, (Wote: ensure thatthe application speed doesnot exceed the maximum PM found on that sre tale. Check the radial aac as well with ible 4: Equivalent Radial Load Calculations regards to the maximum allowable sip adil load (Fe max, soe Tabla 3: Tapore Roller Bearing - Rial and Thrust Factors; Speed and Slip-it Load Limits). this values exceeded, then tighter ine-t-ine o press ‘itis requred, Timken Method 3a - Determine equivalent radial loads and use bearing life equation for radial and thrust loaded applications) For combina radial and thrust oadad applications tis necessary to caleaatean equivalent cami aia bearing load, designated by P before apnlying the L bearing lie exuston. The dame eruivaent racial load is Aefned asa single aia isd tha, if applied tothe bearing, wiles in the same ifs the combinod loading undr wiih tho boating operates. Tapered role beatings ar ideal suited to carrying all types of loads ‘adil thrust and any combination of both. Due tothe tapered design ofthe ‘boarng, radial oad wilinduoea thrust action that must be opposed by ‘an equal or greater thrust loa in oder to keep the bearing cone and cup ‘rom separating. The ati ofthe radial tothe trust load andthe bearing eluded cup angle determine the load zane na givan bearing. The number fol in cantatas result ofthis ratio determines the loa ane inthe bearing all the rollers ae in canta, the loa! one is refered to as being ‘360 depres. When only aia loads apoio toa tapered roller bearing for eanenicnoe its assumed in using the rachional calculation method ‘hat haf the rollers support the load ~ the load zone ~ is 180 degrees. Not that the dynamic radial equivalent loads canbe easily calculated Using the Tien Bearing Selection Guid (TBSG) software. Thisisa simple program that calculates the bearings loads, catalog life and even BSA life If the TBSG sot use, then the subsequent procedure shouldbe fllwed Desn “ons onton Dima Eset asl ocd OsF, P, = OSF, + 083 K F, « . K Pz = O5F, - 083 K F, i san | Be I OF. = OE + KOR ~ . K P, = 0ENGINEERING SECTION Bearing Life Calculations / Selection - continued For Type € roller housed units wih ne exoralthust load (F, =) the ‘namic equivalent redial load (P) equals F, This P, value can hen be used inthe bearing life equation shown on page 16. For Type-£ units with thust loading, Table 4: Equivalent ial Load Calculations cn be used. itis able, oly bearing has an appli thrust load bearing Shas the applied thrust load, each inthe equations should be repaced by B and vice vasa The equations inthe fst row of Table & yield single row equivalent rai loods P,P) To find the to-rwe Type housed unit fe, the {allowing equations must ve usa to solve For Life of each bearing rw, ‘and then combined for the system unit ie: Cy ® | 1,500,000 ours 174XP, n Gq) | 1,500,000 hours 18K 5 n thon, [ke fer Inthe second row of Tale 4: Equivalent Radiol Load Calculations , therefore, P,P. inthe standard bearing life equation show on page 16. 150 Method 3b The ISO Method uses the folowing equation to determine the equivalent tynamic radial load R= Xf, + YF, Dynamic Equivalent Raia! Looe ‘plied Radial Load Applied Axial Load Radial Load Factor ‘Axial Load Factor The values forX and Y are found in Table 9 Tapered Roller Bearing Fadial and Thrust Factors. In order to find these values, the value of 5, /F, must be compared tthe “e” value. Determine if the value is greater than or less than the “e” and thon use the cortespondingX and Y values below that formula, [After the P, vlue i alelatd, then use the bering ie equation as shown on page 16 180 Method 4 (thrust only applications) Use the equation P, = YF, Use Y rom Table 3: Tapered Roller Bearing Radial and Thust Factors (fr FF, >) Then use this, value fr the ivalent racial loadin the bearing lite equation, This vale can also be soi asthe radial lad in the selection table ‘After selaction has boon made, very thatthe application doesnot exceed the maximum allowable speed, allowable thrust laads and allowable housing fads. Heavy loads should be directed through the tbao of the units. See Table 2: Housing Ratings forthe upit housing ‘oads. The housings need to be bolted down wth adequate strength,