HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Saurav Vats, Neha Bansal, Garima Gujar, Saurabh Kamat, Rishabh Rai
Department of Electrical Engineering, ACE, Mumbai, India
sauravvats1995@gmail.com , nbansalsurat@gmail.com, gurjargarima@gmail.com,
saurabhkamat1995@gmail.com, rairishabh940@gmail.com

Abstract Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

is utilized extensively for automation of
electromechanical processes. In this study, a home
automation system controlled by PLC is designed.
The proposed control module will consist of
software
simulation
and
hardware
implementation. The control module provides
multiple components fault detection, tolerance
and switch on or off in critical areas such as gas
sensing, voltage control of power socket and valve
control circuits. The system is easy to build,
service, modify and it provides reliable
communication of home automation with reduced
cost. In this paper, we propose the idea of
designing a smart home with optimised energy
consumption. The system is programmable to
meet demands, adding different home appliances
in short time by optimising the entire hardware
assembly and software algorithms. The PLC is
easy to understand and the system provides
multiple solutions by using a single component.
Although new but more efficient than previous
systems, the PLC can become the epicentre to
many new applications. Using PLC is a onetime
investment .Once the system is designed and
implemented, the only cost is that of maintenance
.Another benefit of using PLC is that we can add
or remove any input/output modules by simply
modifying the ladder logic. It is also possible to
combine PLC model with other devices such as
GSM. Such kind of an application will be
extremely beneficial for the aged and disabled
people by offering voice control and safety items.
KeywordsProgrammable Logic Controller,
Fault detection, Software Algorithms, GSM.
I.
INTRODUCTION

Imagine how helpful it will be to be able to switch

on your air conditioning system ten minutes
before you get home on a hot afternoon in
January. How about having a security system that
will detect smoke, excessive electrical power
usage, burglar attempts and unauthorized
movements in your house and alert you? This is
what home automation is about and there is no
end to its application. In fact, sophisticated home
automation systems are now being developed that
can maintain an inventory of household items,
record their usage through an RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification) tag, and prepare a
shopping list or automatically order replacements.
Home automation has made it possible to have
what is often referred to as a smart home, a home
that can detect and identify you, automatically
adjust the lighting to your predefined taste, open
doors automatically, play your favorite music,
water your flowers in the morning, switch on the
security lights at night and switch them off in the
morning, heat water for bathe and tea, stream to
you anywhere in the world via the internet a live
video of what is happening in and around your
house. It makes it possible to link lighting,
entertainment, security, telecommunications,
heating, and air conditioning into one centrally
controlled system. This allows you to make your
house an active partner in managing your busy
life. Nowadays, you can hardly find a house
without a home automation system which can
range from the remote for the television, burglar
alarm and hi-tech security gates, to an automated
air conditioning system that maintains the
temperature at a predefined value
LITERATURE SURVEY
Home automation has been around since the
World War I (1914), in fact, the television remote
(a simple home automation system) was patented
in 1893(Wikipedia, 2009). Since then different
home automation systems have evolved with a

sharp rise after the s World War II. Its growth has
been through various informal research and
designs by technology enthusiasts who want a
better way of getting things done at home without
much effort on their part. The systems evolved
from one that can automatically do routine chores
like switch on and off security lights, to more
sophisticated ones that can adjust lighting, put the
television channel to favorite station and control
doors.Home automation systems may designate
electronic systems in homes and residential
buildings that make possible the automation of
household appliances. The new stream of home
automation systems has developed into a vast one
and the current market is flooded with a flurry of
home
automation
systems
and
device
manufacturers.

1. Power line carrier SystemsThe least expensive type of home automation

system operates over the homes existing wiring,
or power line carrier. These can range from X10based lamp timers, to more sophisticated systems
that require installation by a trained professional.
2. Wireless systemsAlso available are wireless home automation
systems that utilize radio-frequency technology.
They are often used to operate lights, sometimes
in conjunction with a hardwired lighting control
system.
3. Hardwired systems-

The types of home automation systems based on

their control systems are:
1. Individual Control SystemsThese types were the first to hit the market in the
early years, here each device like the heater or the
air conditioner will have an independent control
dedicated to it.
2. Distributed Control SystemsThe main feature of these types of systems is
emergency shut-down. With this system you can
pre-set or change the control parameters of several
similar devices, for example, the thermostat of
several air conditioners and their ON/OFF
timings.
3. Central Control SystemsThese are computerized systems programmed to
handle all functions of multiple utilities like air
conditioning system, home entertainments, doors,
windows, refrigerators and cooking systems, all at
the same time regardless of whether you are at
home or away. You can connect to the control
system through telephone or internet from
anywhere in the world.
The types of home automation systems based on
the carrier mode are:

Wired, or hardwired home control systems are

the most reliable and expensive. These systems
can operate over high-grade communications
cable such as Category 5 or 5e, or their own
proprietary bus cable. That is why it is best to
plan for them when a house is being constructed.
Hard wired systems can perform more tasks at a
time and do them quickly and reliably, making
them ideal for larger homes. They can also
integrate more systems in the home, effectively
tying together indoor and outdoor lighting, audio
and video equipment, security system, even the
heating and cooling system into one control
package that will be easy and intuitive to operate.
4. Internet Protocol control systemInternet Protocol (IP) control automation system
uses the internet, gives each device under its
control an Internet Protocol address, and creates a
local area network (LAN) in the home. Hence, the
home can be interacted with over the internet with
possibility of live video streaming and real-time
control.
III. METHODOLOGY
In designing a home automation system, one or
more suitable platforms are used in order to build
a reliable and flexible system that can be easily
operated and adapted for a new household
appliance. Therefore, for the purpose of this

project some specific deliberate choices were

made on the type of platforms, hardware
components and mode of operation of the home
automation system. Before the actual design of the
project work, specific deliberate choices in
selection of appropriate implementation platforms
and hardware components were made. Priority
was given to low cost availability, reliability,
flexibility and simplicity in all these selections. As
already explained in the previous chapter, there
are many platforms over which a home
automation system can be implemented. Of the
currently available platforms Power line,
RS232, Ethernet, Bluetooth, Infrared, GSM, PLC
and Microcontroller; RS232, GSM and PLC were
found most appropriate due to reliability and
simplicity when used for an individual control
home automation system which my project work
is on. Power line and Ethernet is too expensive
and complex for this kind of home automation
system, while Bluetooth and Infrared are
unreliable.
IV. IMPLEMENTATION
A small PLC will have a fixed number of
connections built in for inputs and outputs. The
processor and selection of I/O modules are
customized for the particular application. Several
racks can be administered by a single processor,
and may have thousands of inputs and outputs.
User Interface PLCs may need to interact with
people for the purpose of configuration, alarm
reporting or everyday control. A human-machine
interface (HMI) is employed for this purpose. A
simple system may use buttons and lights to
interact with the user. Text displays are available
as well as graphical touch screens. PLCs have
built in communication ports, usually 9-pin RS232, but optionally EIA-485 or Ethernet.

Fig. Block diagram of proposed system

Most modern PLCs can communicate over a
network to some other system, such as a computer
running a Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA) system or web browser.
PLC programs are typically written in a special

application on a personal computer afterwards it is

downloaded on the PLC via direct-connection
cable. PLCs are well adapted to a range of
automation tasks. PLC applications are typically
highly customized systems, so the cost of a
packaged PLC is low compared to the cost of a
specific custom-built controller design. In recent
years "Safety" PLCs have started to become
popular, either as standalone models or as
functionality and safety-rated hardware added to
existing controller architectures. These differ from
conventional PLC types as being suitable for use
in safety-critical applications for which PLCs
have traditionally been supplemented with hardwired safety relays.
V. CONCLUSION
PLC is much better when compared to relay based
automation. PLC uses simple program. The major
advantage is that, it consumes less power, low
maintenance cost and can be easily programmed.
Also, it has self-diagnostic functions which
enables easy and fast troubleshooting of the
system. The machine cycle time is improved
tremendously due to the speed of PLC operation is
a matter of milliseconds. Thus, productivity
increases. Modification of control sequence or
application can easily be done by programming
through the console or computer software without
changing of I/O wiring, if no additional input or
output devices are required.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to express our sincere thanks to
Mrs. Neha Bansal and Mrs. Garima Gurjar for
taking time from their busy schedule to provide us
with great deal of help, support and encouraged us
to work diligently at every aspects of our project.
Their views have always been equitable striking
perfect balance between encouragement and
constructive criticism. Their constructive tips and
suggestions helped us to successfully do the
project. We have benefited a lot from their
immense knowledge and experience. We would
also like to thank the faculty of Department of
Electrical Engineering who greatly assisted our
research and for their valuable help.

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