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(a)
(i)
F2 + e
+2.87
+1.36
+1.07
Cl
Br
Cl2 + e
Br2 + e
I2 + e
/V
+0.54
(ii)
State which element or ion in the table above is the strongest oxidising
agent.
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(1)
(b)
3+
+e
Cr2 O7 + 7H + 3e
Cr
2+
Cr
3+
7
2
H2O
= 0.41V
= +1.33V
(i)
On the basis of the data provided, list those halogens which will oxidise
chromium(II) to chromium(III).
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(1)
(ii)
On the basis of the data provided, list those halogens which will oxidise
chromium(II) to chromium(III) but not to chromium(VI).
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(1)
(iii)
2.
Identify the electrophile involved in this reaction and write an equation to show its
formation.
................................................................................................................................
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(2)
(b)
(3)
(c)
C
C H
C O O H
3
(5)
(Total 10 marks)
3.
(a)
(b)
2+
......................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Combine the two half equations above to produce the ionic equation for the
oxidation of iron(II) ions by manganate(VII) ions in acidic solution.
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(1)
(iii)
(3)
(c)
2+
Fe (aq) + 3e
Fe (aq) + 2e
E
Fe(s)
Fe(s)
/V
0.04
0.44
Use the data above to construct a redox equation for the reaction between Fe
(aq) and Fe(s), and explain whether this reaction is feasible.
3+
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(3)
(Total 14 marks)
4.
(a)
(i)
Define the term standard electrode potential, making clear the meaning
of standard in this context.
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(2)
(ii)
(b)
Mn
H2O2
+0.68
2H2O
+1.77
MnO4 + 8H + 5e
O2 + 2H + 2e
H2O2 + 2H + 2e
(i)
2+
E /V
+1.52
+ 4H2O
Derive the equation for the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and
manganate(VII) ions in acidic solution and use E values to show that the
reaction is feasible.
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(3)
(ii)
(iii)
5.
(a)
(b)
When a metal is placed in a solution of its ions, the electrical potential set up
between the metal and the solution cannot be measured without using a
reference electrode. Explain why this is so.
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(1)
(c)
E /V
2+
Zn (aq) + 2e
0.76
2+
Fe(s)
0.44
2+
Sn(s)
0.14
4OH (aq)
Fe (aq) + 2e
Sn (aq) + 2e
O2(g) + 2H2O(1) + 4e
(i)
Zn(s)
+0.40
Write an overall equation for the first stage in the rusting of iron.
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(2)
(ii)
(iii)
Use the E values above to explain why zinc is used in preference to tin for
preventing corrosion of steel car bodies.
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(3)
(Total 10 marks)
10
6.
Write the ionic equation to show the disproportionation of the chlorate(I) ion. Use
oxidation numbers to explain the meaning of the term disproportionation in this
reaction.
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(3)
(b)
Domestic bleaches are dilute solutions of sodium chlorate(I). The amount of ClO
ions in a sample can be found by reacting it with excess acidified potassium
iodide solution.
ClO + 2I + 2H I2 + Cl + H2O
The iodine produced is then titrated with standard sodium thiosulphate solution.
3
This mixture was titrated with 0.100 mol dm sodium thiosulphate solution,
using starch indicator added near the end point.
3
(i)
Give the colour change you would see at the end point.
11
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(1)
12
(ii)
The equation for the reaction between iodine and thiosulphate ions is
2
2S2O3
+ I2 S4O6
+ 2I
(5)
(iii)
Use the equation below to calculate the mass of chlorine available from
3
1.00 dm of the original bleach. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
(1)
13
(c)
Sodium thiosulphate can be used to remove the excess chlorine from bleached
fabrics.
S2O3
+ 10H + 8Cl
(d)
Starch-iodide paper can be used to test for chlorine. It contains starch and
potassium iodide.
Explain the reactions taking place when a piece of damp starch-iodide paper is
put in a gas jar of chlorine. State what you would see.
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14
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(2)
(Total 14 marks)
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7.
The element iodine can be produced from the mineral Chile saltpetre, which contains
sodium iodate, NaIO3. The iodate ions are converted to iodine in a two-step process.
Ionic equations for the reactions are shown below.
Step 1
(a)
(i)
Describe a test you could carry out to confirm the presence of iodide ions
in a solution. Indicate the result of the test.
Test .......................................................................................................
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Result ...................................................................................................
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(2)
(ii)
Second
Final oxidation
(3)
(iii)
The equation for Step 1 shows that 1 mole of iodate ions, IO3 , reacts with
3 moles of hydrogensulphite ions, HSO3. Show that your answers to (ii)
agree with this ratio.
(1)
16
(b)
A 10.0 cm portion of the iodine solution was titrated with sodium thiosulphate
3
solution of concentration 0.0100 mol dm . The volume of sodium thiosulphate
3
solution added at the end-point was 24.0 cm .
The equation for the reaction is
I2(aq) + 2Na2S2O3(aq) 2NaI(aq) + Na2S4O6(aq)
(i)
What piece of apparatus would you use to measure out the 10.0 cm
portion?
........................................................................................................................
...
(1)
(ii)
Suggest a suitable indicator to show the end-point of this titration. State the
colour change you would see.
Indicator .........................................................................................................
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From
.........................................................to ..................................................
......
(2)
(iii)
(1)
17
(iv)
Calculate the number of moles of iodine which reacted with the sodium
thiosulphate solution.
(1)
(v)
(1)
(Total 12 marks)
18
8.
Draw a diagram of suitable apparatus for carrying out the air-oxidation of the
vanadium(II) chloride solution.
(1)
(ii)
2+
19
(iii)
Calculate the number of moles of manganate(VII) ions used in the titration, and
hence the number of moles of electrons removed by the manganate(VII) ions.
3
(4)
(iv)
20
9.
(a)
Define the term standard electrode potential, making clear the meaning of
standard.
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(2)
(b)
(c)
21
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(2)
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(ii)
Calculate E
feasible.
cell
H2O2
E = + 0.68 V
2H2O
E = + 1.77 V
O2 + 2H + 2e
H2O2 + 2H + 2e
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(3)
(iii)
Explain why your answer to (ii) does not necessarily show that hydrogen
peroxide will disproportionate under standard conditions.
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)
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