1.

1 PLAXIS OUTPUTS
1.1.1 Determination of HMV capacities
Four phases are used
Intial phase to generated the stress in the soil before foundation and acted

as the parent phase for the three other phases

Vo phases applying foundation vertical maximum (V = 500kN/m) as an UDL

on the foundation
Ho phase applying a maximum horizontal force (H = 500kN) at the end of the

skirt tip.
Mo was applied using a couple point load each = 500kN applied at both ends
of the foundation.

Although a depth of 1m was chosen analystically a range of depths were consdered

to observe any chages in the H-M plane. Table 8 give the results of capacity
analysis.
Table 1: PLAXIS H-M-V capacites
Depth
/m

Msta
ge V

0.7

0.05

0.8

0.06

0.9

0.06

1.0

0.06

1.2

0.07

1.5

0.08

1.8

0.10

Vo
(kN)
811.2
0
865.2
0
921.9
0
973.5
5
1085.
36
1255.
79
1438.
41

Msta
ge H
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.08

Ho(k
N)
171.
90
191.
70
213.
05
231.
44
271.
34
333.
87
403.
00

Msta
ge M
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.04

Mo
(kN
m)
259.
50
272.
85
289.
35
304.
71
347.
67
430.
71
545.
88

Comparing the values from the analytical methods at 1m

Vo = (analytical) = 824.26kN - (Plaxis) = 1085.3kN
Ho = (analytical) = 203kN (Plaxis) = 231.34kN

V/V0

H/Ho

M/M
0

0.49

0.58

0.88

0.46

0.52

0.84

0.43

0.47

0.79

0.41

0.43

0.75

0.37

0.37

0.66

0.32

0.30

0.53

0.28

0.25

0.42

Mo = (analytical) = 250kNm Plaxis = 304.71kN

This shows from the PLAXIS analysis there is more capacity available for 1m skirt
depth.

1.1.2 H-M failure envelope

Determination of the H-M plane envelope required using multiple phases. In total 36
Phases (at the stage construction tab in Plaxis). The first two phases were:
-

Intial Phase to generates the stress in the soil.

The second Phase included the foundation (Plate and interfaces surfaces)
with the vertical load applied
The remained of the phases were used to the change the horizontal loading
(H) at various lever arm length to double as moment loading acting on the
foundation. The lever arm was modeled using a plate element with properties
mention previously and figure rr gives a representation of the phases set into
Plaxis.
At the end of PLAXIS calculations, the MStage was then used to calculate
the applied loading that induced failure. This would be used to further
calculate the Ho and Mo capacities at the various depths.
Figure 1

The data obtained from PLAXIS are tableted in tables 123

Table 2

Depth
V/Vo
M/Mo
H/Ho

1.00000
0.41087
0.74825
0.43208

Plaxis
Phase

Depth
from
skirt
depth

Vo
Mo
Ho

973.55
304.71
231.44

Mstage
Plaxis

Hu

Mu

H/Ho

M/Mo

100

0.232

232

1.00

0.5

100

0.2378

237.8

118.9

1.03

Phase 3

100

0.2122

212.2

212.2

0.92

Phase 4

1.5

100

0.1682

168.2

252.3

0.73

Phase 5

2.5

100

0.1141

114.1

285.25

0.49

0
0.39020
71
0.69639
99
0.82800
04
0.93613
6

Phase 1
Phase
2

0
0

Phase 6

3.5

100

0.08617

86.17

301.59
5
311.89
5
315.20
5
315.44
5
315.07
5
314.24
5
313.78
5
313.21
5
313.37
5
313.75

0.37

Phase 7

4.5

100

0.06931

69.31

Phase 8

5.5

100

0.05731

57.31

Phase 9

6.5

100

0.04853

48.53

Phase
10
Phase
11
Phase
12
Phase
13
Phase
14
Phase
15
Phase
16
Phase
17
Phase
18
Phase
19
Phase
20
Phase
21
Phase
22
Phase
23
Phase
24
Phase
25
Phase
26
Phase
27
Phase
28
Phase
29
Phase

7.5

100

0.04201

42.01

8.5

100

0.03697

36.97

9.5

100

0.03303

33.03

10.5

100

0.02983

29.83

11.5

100

0.02725

27.25

12.5

100

0.0251

25.1

13.5

100

0.02315

23.15

0.10

18.9

312.52
5
312.18
5
311.70
5
311.85

14.5

100

0.02153

21.53

15.5

100

0.02011

20.11

16.5

100

0.0189

17.5

100

0.0178

17.8

311.5

0.08

18.5

100

0.01681

16.81

310.98
5

0.07

19.5

100

0.01594

15.94

310.83

0.07

20.5

100

0.01515

15.15

310.57
5

0.07

21.5

100

0.01444

14.44

310.46

0.06

22.5

100

0.01379

13.79

310.27
5

0.06

23.5

100

0.0132

13.2

310.2

0.06

24.5

100

0.01265

12.65

25.5

100

0.01215

12.15

26.5

100

0.0117

11.7

310.05

0.05

27.5

100

0.01127

11.27

309.92

0.05

309.92
5
309.82
5

0.30
0.25
0.21
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11

0.09
0.09
0.08

0.05
0.05

0.98977
72
1.02357
98
1.03444
26
1.03523
02
1.03401
59
1.03129
2
1.02978
24
1.02791
18
1.02843
69
1.02966
76
1.02564
73
1.02453
15
1.02295
63
1.02343
21
1.02228
35
1.02059
34
1.02008
47
1.01924
78
1.01887
04
1.01826
33
1.01801
71
1.01711
46
1.01678
65
1.01752
49
1.01711

30
Phase
31
Phase
32
Phase
33
Phase
34

5
28.5

100

0.01086

10.86

309.51

0.05

29.5

100

0.01049

10.49

309.45
5

0.05

30.5

100

0.01014

10.14

309.27

0.04

31.5

100

0.009813

9.813

309.10
95

0.04

Vo

921.90

400

Mo

289.35

228

Ho

213.05

100

46
1.01575
27
1.01557
22
1.01496
5
1.01443
83

Table 3

Depth
V/Vo
M/Mo
H/Ho

0.9000
0
0.4338
9
0.7879
7
0.4693
7

Mstage
Plaxis

Hu

Mu

H/Ho

M/Mo

Phase 1

Depth
from
skirt
depth
0

100

0.217

217

1.02

Phase 2

0.4

100

0.2146

214.6

85.84

1.01

Phase 3

0.9

100

0.1995

199.5

179.55

0.94

Phase 4

1.4

100

0.1591

159.1

222.74

0.75

Phase 5

2.4

100

0.1086

108.6

0.51

Phase 6

3.4

100

0.08216

82.16

Phase 7

4.4

100

0.06559

65.59

Phase 8

5.4

100

0.05437

54.37

Phase 9
Phase
10
Phase
11
Phase
12

6.4

100

0.04638

46.38

7.4

100

0.04014

40.14

260.64
279.34
4
288.59
6
293.59
8
296.83
2
297.03
6

8.4

100

0.03545

35.45

0.17

9.4

100

0.03159

31.59

297.78
296.94
6

0
0.29666
49
0.62052
88
0.76979
44
0.90077
76
0.96541
9
0.99739
42
1.01468
12
1.02585
8
1.02656
3
1.02913
43
1.02625
19

Plaxis
Phase

0.39
0.31
0.26
0.22
0.19

0.15

Phase
13
Phase
14
Phase
15
Phase
16
Phase
17
Phase
18
Phase
19
Phase
20
Phase
21
Phase
22
Phase
23
Phase
24
Phase
25
Phase
26
Phase
27
Phase
28
Phase
29
Phase
30
Phase
31
Phase
32
Phase
33
Phase
34

10.4

100

0.02853

28.53

11.4

100

0.02599

25.99

12.4

100

0.0239

23.9

13.4

100

0.02209

22.09

14.4

100

0.02054

20.54

15.4

100

0.01918

19.18

16.4

100

0.01801

18.01

17.4

100

0.01696

16.96

18.4

100

0.01603

19.4

100

20.4

0.13
0.12
0.11

16.03

296.36
296.00
6
295.77
6
295.37
2
295.36
4
295.10
4
294.95
2

0.0152

15.2

294.88

0.07

100

0.01445

14.45

0.07

21.4

100

0.01377

13.77

22.4

100

0.01314

13.14

23.4

100

0.01258

12.58

24.4

100

0.01206

12.06

25.4

100

0.01158

11.58

294.78
294.67
8
294.33
6
294.37
2
294.26
4
294.13
2

26.4

100

0.01115

11.15

0.05

27.4

100

0.01073

10.73

294.36
294.00
2

28.4

100

0.01035

10.35

293.94

0.05

29.4

100

0.01

10

0.05

30.4

100

0.01014

10.14

31.4

100

0.01014

10.14

294
308.25
6
318.39
6

Table 4

Depth

296.71
2
296.28
6

0.8000
0

0.10
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08

0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05

0.05

0.05
0.05

1.02544
32
1.02397
1
1.02422
67
1.02300
33
1.02220
84
1.02081
22
1.02078
45
1.01988
6
1.01936
06
1.01911
18
1.01876
62
1.01841
37
1.01723
17
1.01735
61
1.01698
29
1.01652
67
1.01731
47
1.01607
74
1.01586
31
1.01607
05
1.06533
96
1.10038
36

V/Vo

0.4623
2
0.8356
2
0.5216
5

Vo

0.46

Mo

272.85

Ho

191.70

Depth
from
skirt
depth

Mstage
Plaxis

Hu

Mu

H/Ho

M/Mo

100

0.1947

194.7

1.02

0.3

100

0.1938

193.8

58.14

1.01

Phase 3

0.8

100

0.1804

180.4

144.32

0.94

Phase 4

1.3

100

0.1451

145.1

188.63

0.76

Phase 5

2.3

100

0.1003

100.3

230.69

0.52

Phase 6

3.3

100

0.07606

76.06

Phase 7

4.3

100

0.06116

61.16

Phase 8

5.3

100

0.05097

50.97

Phase 9

6.3

100

0.04355

43.55

7.3

100

0.03787

37.87

8.3

100

0.0334

33.4

9.3

100

0.02986

29.86

10.3

100

0.02696

26.96

11.3

100

0.02459

24.59

12.3

100

0.02259

22.59

0
0.21308
41
0.52893
53
0.69133
22
0.84548
29
0.91991
2
0.96385
56
0.99007
15
1.00555
25
1.01319
77
1.01601
61
1.01776
8
1.01773
14
1.01838
74
1.01835
07

13.3

100

0.02088

20.88

14.3

100

0.01941

19.41

15.3

100

0.01814

18.14

16.3

100

0.01702

17.02

M/Mo
H/Ho

Plaxis
Phase

Phase 1
Phase
2

Phase
10
Phase
11
Phase
12
Phase
13
Phase
14
Phase
15
Phase
16
Phase
17
Phase
18
Phase
19

250.99
8
262.98
8
270.14
1
274.36
5
276.45
1
277.22
277.69
8
277.68
8
277.86
7
277.85
7
277.70
4
277.56
3
277.54
2
277.42
6

0.40
0.32
0.27
0.23
0.20
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09

1.01779
1.01727
32
1.01719
63
1.01677
11

Phase
20
Phase
21
Phase
22
Phase
23
Phase
24
Phase
25
Phase
26
Phase
27
Phase
28
Phase
29
Phase
30
Phase
31
Phase
32
Phase
33
Phase
34

17.3

100

0.01603

16.03

18.3

100

0.01515

15.15

19.3

100

0.01463

14.63

20.3

100

0.01356

13.56

21.3

100

0.013

13

22.3

100

0.01242

12.42

23.3

100

0.01188

11.88

24.3

100

0.01139

11.39

25.3

100

0.01094

10.94

26.3

100

0.01052

10.52

27.3

100

0.01013

10.13

28.3

100

0.00977

9.77

29.3

100

0.009439

9.439

30.3

100

0.009127

9.127

31.3

100

0.00833

8.33

277.31
9
277.24
5
282.35
9
275.26
8
276.9
276.96
6
276.80
4
276.77
7
276.78
2
276.67
6
276.54
9
276.49
1
276.56
27
276.54
81
260.72
9

0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04

1.01637
9
1.01610
78
1.03485
07
1.00886
2
1.01484
33
1.01508
52
1.01449
15
1.01439
25
1.01441
08
1.01402
24
1.01355
69
1.01334
43
1.01360
71
1.01355
36
0.95557
63

Using the tabulated data the H-M envelopes was plotted giving figure 11. This plot
indicates that for the given foundation, increaseing the depth increases the
hozotional capacity with a reduction of moment capacity. This is expected since the
larger surface are means theres more soil to restist bearing capacity failure. Skirt
depths lower than 0.8m could not be calculated because on numerical instabilities.

H-M plane from PLAXIS

1.2

1
Skirt Depth D =1m
0.8

Skirt Depth D = 0.9m

0.9

Skirt Depth D = 0.8m

0.6

M/Mo
0.4

0.8

0.2

0
0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.2

H/H0

1.1.3 Displacements

0.80

1.00

1.20

The three displacements, horizontal (H), vertical (V) and rotation () are found using
displacement data at the observational points in plaxis at points B, D and E is shown
in figure ww. Calculated values of H, M and , are given in Table 1. The overall
displacements are small and can be considered insignificant for the foundation. If
the width of the foundation was larger, the rotation would have an increased effect
with displacement in which movement on the deck would be obstructed

Figure 2

Observ
ation
point
on
foundat
ion
B

Initial
Disp.in yaxis/mm

Final
Disp.
in yaxis/
mm

Initia
l
Disp.
in xaxis/
mm

Final
Disp.
in xaxis/
mm

H/m
m

0.00

0.000
7

0.00

29.91

-0.72

B
0.00

29.91

56.90

0.00

-3.22

28.09

0.00

0.056
9

0.00

0.028
1

N.B.: Displaceme
Disp. = nt

E
V

V/m
m

0.02
9
0.02
9
0.00
3
H

(Radi
ans)

(Degr
ees)

0.018
73

1.073

0.009
36

D
0.536

1.1.4 Failure Mechanism and FACTOR OF SAFETY

To determine the factor of safety at failure at the depths looked at the H-M
envelopes it was taken that
FS = Applied (M/M0) / Perpendicular point on yield surface following the load path
(M/Mo). This is shown in figure ww and factor of safety tabulated in table err

H-M plane from PLAXIS

1.2

1
Skirt Depth D =1m
0.8

Skirt Depth D = 0.9m

0.9

Skirt Depth D = 0.8m

0.6

M/Mo
0.4

0.8

0.2

0
0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.2

H/H0

0.80

1.00

1.20

Skirt
Depth
meters

M/Moyield
Surface

0.8
0.9
1

0.84
0.88
0.92

M/MoApplied to
foundatio
n
0.84
0.79
0.75

Factor of
Safety
1.01
1.12
1.23

The analysis only using PLAXIS gives a minimum skirt depth at 0.8 m. It should be
noted this would assume that the site conditions are worse case.

The failure mechanism was observed using PLAXIS vector plots of U

(displacements).