Miscellaneous Number Theory

Akshaj Kadaveru
Oct 5, 2016

Example Problems
1. Find all solutions in positive integers to b2 + b + 1 = a2
Hint. b2 < b2 + b + 1 < b2 + 2b + 1
2. Find the last six digits of 5131313
Hint. Take modulo 56 and 26
3. Let x = 859 219 + 69 . Find an integer n between 2000 and 3000 such that x is divisible by n.
Hint. Take modulo 64, 5, 7.
4. Prove the following equation has no integer solutions: y 2 = x5 4.
Hint. Take modulo 11
5. Determine all positive integers relatively prime to all the terms of the infinite sequence 2n + 3n + 6n 1
for n 1.
Hint.

1 1 1
+ + = 1..
2 3 6

Problems
1. For the positive integer n, let hni denote the sum of all the positive divisors of n with the exception of
n itself. For example, h4i = 1 + 2 = 3 and h12i = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 16 What is hhh6iii
2. Firefighter Steve was born in 1950. Steve had a grandmother who was born in a year which is the
product of two prime numbers, one of which is one less than twice the other. In what year did Steves
grandmother celebrate her 90th birthday?
3. A group of 25 friends were discussing a large positive integer. It can be divided by 1, said the first
friend. It can be divided by 2, said the second friend. And by 3, said the third friend. And by
4, added the fourth friend. This continued until everyone had made such a comment. If exactly two
friends were incorrect, and those two friends said consecutive numbers, what was the least possible
integer they were discussing?
4. Let k = 20082 + 22008 . What is the units digit of k 2 + 2k ?

5. Evaluate the sum

b

20
21
22
21000
c + b c + b + + b
c
3
3
3
3

6. How many positive integer divisors of 20042004 are divisible by exactly 2004 positive integers?
7. How many ordered four-tuples of integers (a, b, c, d) with 0 < a < b < c < d < 500 satisfy a + d = b + c
and bc ad = 93?
8. Find 3x2 y 2 if x and y are integers such that y 2 + 3x2 y 2 = 30x2 + 517.
9. For how many real numbers a does the quadratic equation x2 + ax + 6a = 0 have only integer roots
for x?
10. Find the number of rational numbers r, 0 < r < 1, such that when r is written as a fraction in lowest
terms, the numerator and denominator have a sum of 1000.
11. The positive integers N and N 2 both end in the same sequence of four digits abcd when written in
base 10, where digit a is not zero. Find the three-digit number abc.
12. Let a, b, and c be digits with a 6= 0. The three-digit integer abc lies one third of the way from the
square of a positive integer to the square of the next larger integer. The integer acb lies two thirds of
the way between the same two squares. What is a + b + c?
13. Find the last two digits of 10321032
14. How many positive integer multiples of 1001 can be expressed in the form 10j 10i , where i and j are
integers and 0 i < j 99?
15. Show that nn

nn

nn is divisible by 1989.

If you want a hint or solution to any of these problems, please contact me! My email is akshaj.kadaveru@gmail.com.