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SIZE REDUCTION
PM DR. ABDUL HADI
2016/12/16
predicting energy
Segregation
In many systems, particles to be mixed have different
properties and tend to exhibit segregation
Segregation (Cont)
Demixing or segregation can give rise to variations in bulk
density of powder going to packaging
Reduction of Segregation
Segregation occurs primarily as a result of size difference
Difficulty of mixing two components can be reduced by making
the size of the components as similar as possible and by
reducing the absolute size of both components
Segregation is generally not a serious problem when all particles
are less than 30 mm (for particle densities in the range 2000
3000 kg/m3)
In such fine powders, interparticle forces generated by
electrostatic charging, van der Waals forces and forces due to
moisture are large compared with gravitational and inertial
forces
Types of mixers
Tumbling mixers
A closed vessel rotating about its axis
The dominant mechanism is diffusive mixing
Baffles may be installed to reduce segregation
V-mixer
Double cone
Types of mixers
Convective mixers
Circulation patterns are set up within a static shell by rotating
blades or paddles.
The main mechanism is convective mixing, although this is
accompanied by some diffusive and shear mixing.
Ribbon blender
Nauta mixer
Types of mixers
Fluidized bed mixers
The mixing is due to the natural mobility afforded particles in
the fluidized bed.
The mixing is largely convective with the circulation patterns
set up by the bubble motion within the bed.
Other processing steps, i.e., mixing, reaction, coating drying,
etc., may be carried out in the same vessel.
Types of mixers
High shear mixers
Local high shear stresses are created by devices such as high
velocity rotating blades, low velocity-high compression rollers,
etc.
The emphasis is on breaking down agglomerates of cohesive
powders rather than breaking individual particles.
The dominant mechanism is shear mixing.
Quality of a Mixture
The end use of a particle mixture will determine the quality of
mixture required.
The Scale of scrutiny was used to determine the quality of
mixture.
Scale of scrutiny means the maximum size of regions of
segregation in the mixture which would cause it to be redarded
as imperfectly mixed.
The quality of mixture decreases with decreasing scale of
scrutiny until in the extreme we are scrutinizing only individual
particles.
Sampling
To determine the quality of a mixture, it is generally necessary to
take samples
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