3

a + b + c = 3abc
se cumple que: a = b = c si a + b + c = 0
Desigualdades e Inecuaciones
2
1. Si: x < a a < x < a

Leyes de Exponentes
m
n
m+n
1. a . a = a
2.

a
0
3. a = 1
-n

4. a =

n m

1
an

11.

an
a
7. =
b
bn

am = n a

a
b
5. =
b
a
n
n
n
6. (a.b) = a . b
n

m n

8. (a ) = (a ) = a

mn

9. n a.b = n a .n b
a na
10. n =
b nb

= a mn

a>0
2
2. Si x > a x > a x < - a a > 0
3. Si: a b a 0 b 0 a b
4. Si: a b a 0 b 0 a b

nm
a

=an

m
=an

12.
x
y
13. a = a x = y
a
a
14. x = y a = 0
x
a
15. x = a x = a

Productos Notables
2
2
2
1. (a + b) a + 2ab + b
2
2
2
2. (a b) a 2ab + b
2
2
3. (a + b) (a b) a b
2
2
2
2
4. (a + b) + (a b) 2(a + b )
2
2
5. (a + b) (a b) 4ab
2
2
2
2
6. (a + b + c) a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
3
3
2
2
3
7. (a + b) a + 3a b + 3ab + b
3
3
2
2
3
8. (a b) a 3a b + 3ab b
3
3
3
9. (a + b) a + b + 3ab(a + b)
3
3
3
10. (a b) a b 3ab(a b)
2
2
3
3
11. (a + b) (a ab + b ) a + b
2
2
3
3
12. (a b) (a + ab + b ) a b
3
3
3
3
13. (a + b + c) a +b + c + 3(a + b) (b + c) (a + c)
2
14. (x + a) (x + b) x + (a + b)x + ab
3
2
15. (x + a) (x +b) (x + c) x + (a + b + c)x + (ab + bc + ac) x + abc
2
2
2
2
4
2 2
4
16. (a + ab + b ) (a ab + b ) a + a b + b
2
2
2
3
3
3
17. (a + b + c) (a + b + c ab b ac) a + b + c 3abc
3
3
3
18. Si: a + b + c = 0 a + b + c = 3abc
2
2
2
19. a + b + c = ab + bc + ac

Valor Absoluto
1. | x | 0
2. | x | = | - x |
2
2
2
3. | x | = | x | = x
4. - | x | x | x |

5.
x 2 =| x |
6. | x . y | = | x | | y |
|x|
x
7.
=
y
| y|
8. | x + y | | x | + | y |
9. | x | = | b | x = b x = - b
10. | x | = b, b 0 x = b x = - b
11. | x | = b, b < 0 x
12. | x | b, b > 0 - b x b
13. | x | b x b x - b
Fracciones Algebraicas

Propiedad:

(MCM) (MCD) P(x) . Q(x)

1. Fraccin Propia:

x 2 x +1
x4 + x2 x + 4

2. Fraccin Impropia:

x 3 2x + 3
x2 2

Fracciones Parciales

N
A
B
=
+
( x + a)( x + b) ( x + a) ( x + b)
Q
N
P
R
2.
=
+
+
3
2
(
x
a
)
+
( x + a)
( x + a)
( x + a) 3

1.

3.
x

A
( x a)

Bx + C

+
(x

Ecuaciones de Segundo Grado

m ax + a 2 )

Forma: ax + bx + c = 0 a 0

Radicacin Racionalizacin
Caso
Expresin
Factor racionalizante
I
a
a
3a
II
3 2
a
III
a b
am b
IV

3a

3 b

a 2 m 3 ab + b 2

a 2 m 3 ab + b 2

a 3 b

Radicales Dobles
S 2 P = m n , Donde: S = m + n P = m.n.

Nmeros Complejos
1. i = i
2
2. i = -1
3
3. i = -i
4
4. i = 1
2
5. (1 + i) = 2i
2
6. (1 i) = -2i
1+ i
7.
=i
1 i
1 i
8.
= i
1+ i
4
9. (1 + i) = -4
4
10. (1 i) = -4

Nmero Real
a + bi
a b
=
c + di
c d
Nmero imaginario puro
a + bi
a b
=
c + di
d
c

Ecuaciones Lineales
b
a0
a
Si: a 0 Ecuacin compatible determinada
Si: ax = b = 0 x =

x1 =

b + b 2 4ac
b b 2 4ac
, x2 =
2a
2a

Discusin de sus Races

2

Sea: = b 4ac Discriminante

1) > 0 x1 x2 R
2) = 0 x1 = x2 R
3) < 0 Las races son complejas conjugadas.
Propiedades de sus races
b
1. S = x1 + x2 =
a
c
2. P = x1 . x2 =
a

3. D = x1 x2 =

b 2 4ac
2a

Construccin de una ecuacin de segundo grado

2

x Sx + P = 0
Sistema de Ecuaciones Lineales
Sea: ax + by = c
mx + ny = p
1. Sistema Compatible Determinado

a b

m n

2. Sistema Compatible Indeterminado

a b c
= =
m n p

3. Sistema Incompatible o Absurda

a b c
=
m n p
Ecuaciones Polinomiales

Si: a = 0 b = 0 Ecuacin compatible indeterminada

Si: a = 0 b 0 Ecuacin incompatible

Observacin: Toda ecuacin compatible es consistente y toda ecuacin incompatible es

inconsistente.

Ecuacin Bicuadrada:

ax + bx + c

1. Suma de races: x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0
2. Suma de productos binarios: x1 . x2 + x3 . x4 =
3. Producto de races: x1 . x2 . x3 . x4 =

c
a

b
a