1. Which statement is false about electrowetting?

A) Electric charges gather at the interface between conductive and dielectric

materials.
B) Applying electric field distort the interface.
C) When the electrode is activated, the contact angle of the water
with the substrate obviously increases.
D) In absence of electric charges, a droplet of water shows a contact angle
larger than 90 on a hydrophobic solid substrate.
E) At zero potential, the contact angle is determined by the classical Young
law.

2. According to given information, which one does not reflect the truth?
A) Capacitance is increased by reducing the thicknesses of the layers of the
substrate.
B) Breakdown of the dielectric occurs when the electric field in the dielectric
exceeds the critical electric field.
C) Droplets can be dispensed, merged, and mixed using electrical signals.
D) Typical chips have been designed to function unto the saturation potential.
E) Above the critical electric field value, the material become
electrically more conductive.
3. The T-Junction is a basic geometry used in microfluidics for liquid contacting
and droplet formation. Which one of the followings is false about T-junctions?
A) T-junctions are particularly well suited for biochemical and chemical
reactions.
B) The constituents that react must be immiscible.
C) Dissymmetry of the recirculation flow in the turns induces a reorientation
of the fluid domains.
D) The interfacial forces have no effect in the droplets formation in T-junction
micro channels.[1]
E) Diffusion time is given by Fouriers law.
4. What are the benefits of using digital fluidic operations? Give at least three
advantages. [2]
- Rapid research or process optimisation
- Straightforward scale up to production
- Easy to use
- High monodispersity
- Wide range of fluids and droplet types
- Reduced working volumes
5. It is known that due to the plugs flow in capillary is blocked. To prevent
blockage in next experiment what can be changed? Give the reasoning with the
answer.

-Dilute the sample so lower concentration makes the droplets per length smaller
hence capillary pressure may be smaller than the driving pressure again.
-Driving pressure may be increased. If driving pressure increases it may
overcome the capillary pressure drop.
6. What is the length of droplet in T-junction?

a :Channel width

b :Channel height

Qcont : Flow rate of continuous phase

usqueeze =
t squeeze=

Qdis : Flow rate of discontinuous phase

ugrowth =

Q dis
: Droplet growthrate
ab

Q cont
: Neck shrinkage rate
ab
d

usqueeze

dab
:Time needed achieve the squeezing
Qcont

L=a+ ugrowth t squeeze=a+ d

Qdis
Qcont

Q
d
L
= =1+ dis
a
Qcont

REFERENCES:
[1] http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10404-014-1348-4
[2] http://www.dolomite-microfluidics.com/applications/microfluidic-droplets