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Ch28HW
Due:11:59pmonThursday,December8,2016
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy

ForcebetweenMovingCharges
Twopointcharges,withchargesq1 andq2 ,areeachmovingwith
speedv towardtheorigin.Attheinstantshownq1 isatposition(0,d)
andq2 isat(d,0).(Notethatthesignsofthechargesarenotgiven
becausetheyarenotneededtodeterminethemagnitudeofthe
forcesbetweenthecharges.)

PartA
Whatisthemagnitudeoftheelectricforcebetweenthetwocharges?
ExpressF intermsofq1 ,q2 ,d,and0 .

Hint1.Whichlawtouse
ApplyCoulomb'slaw:
F =

whereristhedistancebetweenthetwocharges.

q1 q2
4 0 r2

Hint2.Findthevalueofr2
Whatisthevalueofr2 forthegivensituation?
Expressyouranswerintermsofd.
ANSWER:
2

2(d

ANSWER:

1
40

q1

q2
2d

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Correct
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PartB

Whatisthemagnitudeofthemagneticforceonq2 duetothemagneticfieldcausedbyq1 ?
Expressthemagnitudeofthemagneticforceintermsofq1 ,q2 ,v ,d,and0 .

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
First,findthemagneticfieldgeneratedbychargeq1 atthepositionofchargeq2 .Thenevaluatethemagneticforce
onq2 duetothefieldofq1 .

Hint2.Magnitudeofthemagneticfield
TheBiotSavartlaw,whichgivesthemagneticfieldproducedbyamovingcharge,canbewritten

B=

q v r
0

4r3

where0 isthepermeabilityoffreespaceandr isthevectorfromthechargetothepointwherethemagneticfield

^ ,necessitatinganextrapowerof rinthedenominator.
isproduced.Notewehaver inthenumerator,not
r

Usingthisequationfindtheexpressionforthemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldexperiencedbychargeq2 dueto
chargeq1 .

Expressthemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldofq1 (atthelocationofq2 )intermsofq1 ,v ,d,and0 .

Hint1.Determinethecrossproduct

Whatisthemagnitudeofv r ?

Foranytwovectors,

a b = |a||b| sin

whereistheanglebetweenthevectors.Because,inthiscase,is45degrees,
=

v r

vr.

Substitutetheappropriatevalueofrforthisproblem,toarriveatasurprisinglysimpleanswer.
Expressyouranswerintermsofdandv .
ANSWER:

v r

vd

ANSWER:

0 q1 v
82 d

Hint3.Findthedirectionofthemagneticfield
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Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthedirectionofthemagneticfieldfromq1 atq2 ?Remember,accordingtothe

BiotSavartlaw,thefieldmustbeperpendiculartobothv and
r .
Ignoretheeffectsofthesignofq1 .
Typesettingmath:63%

ANSWER:

^i (alongthex axis)
^
(alongthey axis)
j
k
^(alongthe axisintooroutofthescreen)
z

Hint4.Computingtheforce
YoucanevaluatetheforceexertedonamovingchargebyamagneticfieldusingtheLorentzforcelaw:

F = qv B

whereF istheforceonthemovingcharge,
Bisthemagneticfield, qisthechargeofthemovingcharge,and v is

thevelocityofthecharge.Notethat,aslongasv and
Bareperpendicular, sin

= 1

ANSWER:

0 v2 q q
1 2
2
8
2d

Correct

PartC
Assumingthatthechargesaremovingnonrelativistically(v
magnitudesofthemagneticandelectrostaticforces?

),whatcanyousayabouttherelationshipbetweenthe

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Determinewhichforcehasagreatermagnitudebyfindingtheratiooftheelectricforcetothemagneticforceand
thenapplyingtheapproximation.Recallthat0 0 = 1/c2 .
ANSWER:
Themagnitudeofthemagneticforceisgreaterthanthemagnitudeoftheelectricforce.
Themagnitudeoftheelectricforceisgreaterthanthemagnitudeofthemagneticforce.
Bothforceshavethesamemagnitude.

Correct
Thisresultholdsquitegenerally:Magneticforcesbetweenmovingchargesaremuchsmallerthanelectricforcesas
longasthespeedsofthechargesarenonrelativistic.

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MagneticFieldattheCenterofaWireLoop
Apieceofwireisbenttoformacirclewithradiusr.IthasasteadycurrentI flowingthroughitinacounterclockwisedirection
asseenfromthetop(lookinginthenegative
zdirection).
Typesettingmath:63%

PartA
WhatisBz (0),thezcomponentofBatthecenter(i.e.,x

)oftheloop?

= y = z = 0

ExpressyouranswerintermsofI ,r,andconstantslike0 and.

Hint1.Specifytheintegrand
TheBiotSavartlaw,

B=

^
I dl r
r2

where0 isthepermeabilityoffreespace,tellsusthemagneticfieldBatapointfromalengthofwiredl carrying

currentI .WhatisdBatthecenteroftheloopfromasmallpieceofwiredl ?
^
Giveyouranswerintermsof0 ,I ,,radiusr,dl,andk
.

Hint1.Findthemagnitudeofthemagneticfield
WhatisthemagnitudeofdBatthecenteroftheloopfromasmallpieceofwiredl ?
Giveyouranswerintermsof0 ,I ,,radiusr,anddl.
ANSWER:

|dB|

0 I dl
4r2

Hint2.Directionofthemagneticfield
ThefielddirectionisdeterminedfromthecrossproductintheBiotSavartlaw.Youcanusetherighthand
ruletofindthedirectionofthecrossproductvector.
ANSWER:
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dB

I dl
0

4r2

^
k

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Hint2.Performtheintegration
NowyouhavetointegratetheBiotSavartexpressionforthedifferentialfielddBalongthelengthofthewiretofind
thetotalmagneticfieldatthepoint.IfyoukeepinmindthatI ,r,0 ,andareconstantsinthiscase,theintegral
isn'ttoodifficult.Whatisthevalueof

dlaroundtheloop?

Expressyouranswerintermsofvariablesgivenintheproblemintroduction.

Hint1.Helpwiththeintegral
Thevalueofthisintegralisjustthelengthofthecircumferenceoftheloop.

Hint2.Reexpressdltoenableintegration
Theexpressioniseasiesttointegratewithrespecttotheangle(theanglefromthexaxistothedifferential

pieceofthewiredl ).Express
dl usingthisidea.

Expressthemagnitudeofdl intermsofvariablessuchas
dand r.

ANSWER:
dl

rd

ANSWER:
dlaroundtheloop= 2r

ANSWER:
=

Bz (0)

0 2r

Correct

CurrentSheet
Consideraninfinitesheetofparallelwires.Thesheetliesinthexyplane.AcurrentI runsintheydirectionthrougheachwire.
ThereareN /awiresperunitlengthinthexdirection.

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PartA
WriteanexpressionforB(d),themagneticfieldadistancedabovethexyplaneofthesheet.
Use0 forthepermeabilityoffreespace.
Expressthemagneticfieldasavectorintermsofanyorallofthefollowing:d,I ,N ,a,0 ,andtheunitvectors^i ,
^
j

,and/or^
k.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
YouwillneedtouseAmpre'slaw:

B dl = 0 Iencl

.
ThefirststepinapplyingAmpre'slawistochooseanappropriateAmpreanloop.Becauseyouaretryingtofind
themagneticfieldadistancedabovethesheet,agoodchoicefortheAmpreanloopisarectangleofwidthaand
heightb = 2dasshown.

Hint2.FindIencl
HowmuchcurrentIencl isenclosedbytheAmpreanloopgiveninthefirsthint?
Answerintermsofvariablesgivenintheproblemintroduction.
ANSWER:

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Iencl

NI

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Hint3.Determinethedirectionofthemagneticfield
Abovethesheet,inwhichdirectiondoesthemagneticfieldpoint?(Becarefulthatyouranswerhasthecorrect
sign.)
^
Giveyouranswerintermsoftheunitvectors^i ,^
j ,and k.

Hint1.Directionofafieldfromasinglewire
Themagneticfieldgeneratedbyacurrentrunningthroughasinglewireintheydirectioncannothaveany
componentinwhatdirection?
ANSWER:
^i
^

j
^
k

Hint2.Directionofthetotalfield
Fromtheanswerforthefieldfromasinglewireweknowthateachwiregeneratesamagneticfieldwith
componentsinthexandzdirections.Inthisproblem,themagneticfieldinoneofthesedirectionsgenerated
byanywireiscanceledoutexactlybythemagneticfieldgeneratedbytheotherwires.Whichcomponent
cancels?

Hint1.Afigure
Thefigureshowsthefieldsduetotwowiresonoppositesidesofapointabovethewire.

ANSWER:

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^i
^

j
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^
k

ANSWER:
^
i

Hint4.Magnitudeofthemagneticfield
Becausethemagneticfieldpointsinthexdirection(abovethesheet)andthe+xdirection(belowthesheet),the

lineintegralinAmpre'slaw, B dl ,doesnotdependoncontributionsfromthesidesoftheloop(whichruninthe
zdirection).Inaddition,thecurrentenclosedbytheloopdoesnotdependonthelengthofthesidesoftheloop.
ThismeansthatthequantitydappearsnowhereinAmpre'slawforthisproblem,andthereforethemagnitudeof
themagneticfielddoesnotvaryasafunctionofheightaboveorbelowthesheet.

Bysymmetry,themagnitudeofthemagneticfieldalsodoesnotvaryasafunctionofxyposition.(Becausethe
sheetisinfinite,anyxypointabovethesheetisequivalenttoeveryother.)
FollowingthislineofreasoningweconcludethatthemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldBisconstanteverywhere
outsidethesheet.

Hint5.Evaluate

B dl

Whatisthevalueof

B dl

evaluatedaroundtheAmpreanloopshowninthefigure?

UseBforthe(constant)magnitudeofthemagneticfield.
ANSWER:

B(r )
dl

2Ba

ANSWER:

B(d)

N I 0

^
i
2a

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ThisequationisanalogoustoE = /20 oneithersideofainfinitelychargedsheet.Thecorrespondenceseems
moreobviousifyousetthecurrentperunitlengthN I /a = J .Thenthemagneticfieldyoujustcalculatedis
Typesettingmath:63%
B=

0
2

Theelectricfield,though,pointsalongtheperpendiculartothesurface.
Doyouseewhyyouhadtopickthereanloopyouused?Thatis,whywouldanyotherloopnothave
worked.
DidyounoticethatbyusingAmpre'slawyoucouldfindthefieldbyusingamuchsimplerintegralthan
BiotSavart'slaw?Thedrawbackisthatyoumaynotalwaysbeabletofindaconvenientloopin
situationswherethecurrentdistributionismorecomplicated.

ForcesbetweenaChargeandaBarMagnet
LearningGoal:
Tounderstandtheforcesbetweenabarmagnetand1.astationarycharge,2.amovingcharge,and3.aferromagneticobject.
Abarmagnetorientedalongtheyaxiscanrotateaboutanaxisparalleltothezaxis.Itsnorthpoleinitiallypointsalong^
j.

Interactionofstationarychargeandbarmagnet
Apositivechargeisplacedsomedistanceinthe^i directionfromthemagnet.Assumethatnochargesareinducedonthe
magnet.

PartA
Assumethatthelengthofthemagnetismuchsmallerthantheseparationbetweenitandthecharge.Asaresultof
magneticinteraction(i.e.,ignorepureCoulombforces)betweenthechargeandthebarmagnet,themagnetwillexperience
whichofthefollowing?
ANSWER:

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Atorqueduetothechargeattractingthenorthpoleofthemanget
Atorqueduetothechargeattractingthesouthpoleofthemagnet
Atorqueonlyifonemagneticpoleisslightlyclosertothechargethantheother

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Notorqueatall

Correct
Thefactthatastationarychargeproducesnotorqueonamagnetemphasizesadifferencebetweenelectricand
magneticforces.Youmaythinkofthebarmagnetashavingapositivemagneticchargeatthenorthendanda
negativemagneticchargeatthesouthend(eventhoughthereexistnomagneticchargesinnature).Importantly,
thesemagneticchargesarenotthesameaselectriccharges,andtheydonotinteractwithstationaryelectric
charges.(ThismodelofthemagneticdipolecorrectlypredictsthatthemagneticfieldlinesgofromNtoSoutsidethe
magnet,however.)

Interactionofmovingchargeandbarmagnet
Considerasecondcaseinwhichthechargeisagainsomedistanceinthe^i directionfromthemagnet,butnowitismoving
towardthecenterofthebarmagnet,thatis,withitsvelocityalong^i .

PartB
Duetoitsmotioninthemagneticfieldofthebarmagnet,thechargewillexperienceaforceinwhichdirection?

Hint1.Determinethemagneticfielddirectionnearacharge
Thebarmagnetproducesamagneticfieldatthepositionofthemovingcharge.Giventherelativelocationofthe
chargewithrespecttothebarmagnet,andtheorientationofthebarmagnet,inwhichdirectionwillthisfieldpoint?
^
Answerintermsof^i ,^
j , k,oralinearcombinationthereof.

Hint1.Dipolemagneticfield
Themagneticfieldlinesoutsideofamagneticdipolegofromthedipole'snorthpoletoitssouthpole.
ANSWER:

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^
j

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Hint2.Determinethedirectionofforceonachargemovinginamagneticfield
AchargeqmovinginamagneticfeldfeelsaforcegivenbytheLorentzforceequation:

F = qv B

,
whereqispositiveherebutcouldbepositiveornegativeingeneral.Thedirectionoftheforceisdeterminedbythe
vectorproductv Bandmaybefoundbyapplyingtherighthandrule:
1.Alignyourrighthandsothefingerspointalongthedirectionof________.
2.Rotateyourwristsothatthefingerswillpointalongthedirectionof_______whentheyareclosed.
3.Yourrightthumbnowpointsalongthedirectionoftheforce.

Whattwovectorsshouldfilltheblanksinthesestatementstocorrectlydeterminethedirectionoftheforce?
ANSWER:
B/v
v /B

ANSWER:
^i
+^

j
^

j
+k
^
k
^

Correct
Thisistheonlytypeofmagneticforce:Amovingchargewillexperienceavectorforceduetoamagneticfield.The
forcebetweentwopermanentmagnetsarisesbecauseofthe(perpetually)circulatingchargeoftheelectronsinthe
magnets.
Inreality,electricforcesonthebarmagnetmightwelldominatethemagneticforcesdiscussedhere.Inpractice,
substantialmagneticforcesariseonlyforpermanentlymagnetizedobjectsandforcurrentcarryingwiresthathave
significantnumbersofmovingchargesinspiteofbeingessentiallyneutralelectrically.

Interactionofironandbarmagnet
Nowthechargeisreplacedbyanelectricallyneutralpieceofinitiallyunmagnetizedsoftiron(forexample,anail)thatisnot
moving.

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PartC
Asaresultofthemagneticinteractionbetweenthesoftironandthebarmagnet,whichofthefollowingwilloccur?

Hint1.Magneticinduction
Apieceofsoftironwillcontainmagneticdomains(smalldipoles)thathavethefollowingproperties:
1.Theyalignthemselvesalongthemagneticfieldbeacuseofthetorqueexertedonthem.Thisiscalled
inductionofamagneticdipolemoment.
2.Theyexperienceaforceduetothemagneticfieldofthebarmagnet.
3.Theyproduceamagneticfieldthatcausesthemagnettoexperienceaforce.
Considertheextremecasewhenthemagnetisturnedeitherleftorright,sothatitisfacingthenail.Istheforce
attractiveorrepulsive?
ANSWER:
Themagnetwillexperienceatorqueduetotheironattractingitsnorthpole.
Themagnetwillexperienceatorqueduetotheironattractingitssouthpole.
Whicheverpoleofthemagnetisclosesttotheironwillbeattractedtotheiron.
Whicheverpoleofthemagnetisclosesttotheironwillberepelledfromtheiron.

Correct
Theforceshereresultfrommagneticdomains(smalldipoles)containedwithinthesoftironthatarealignedbythe
magneticfieldofthebarmagnet.(Thesedomainsmaybethoughtofassmallperpetualcurrentloops,andtheir
tendencytobealignediscalledpermeability.)Whicheverpoleofthebarmagnetiscloserwilldominatethisalignment
andwillalignthedipolestoattractthatpoleofthebarmagnet.

Exercise28.32
Twolong,parallelwiresareseparatedbyadistanceof4.00cm.Theforceperunitlengththateachwireexertsontheotheris
3.90105N/m,andthewiresrepeleachother.Thecurrentinonewireis0.600A.

PartA
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Whatisthecurrentinthesecondwire?
ANSWER:
I = 13.0 A
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Correct

PartB
Arethetwocurrentsinthesamedirectionorinoppositedirections?
ANSWER:
Inthesamedirection
Inoppositedirection

Correct

Exercise28.41
Tworoundconcentricmetalwireslieonatabletop,oneinsidetheother.Theinnerwirehasadiameterof24.0cmandcarriesa
clockwisecurrentof20.0A,asviewedfromabove,andtheouterwirehasadiameterof30.0cm.

PartA
Whatmustbethedirection(asviewedfromabove)ofthecurrentintheouterwiresothatthenetmagneticfieldduetothis
combinationofwiresiszeroatthecommoncenterofthewires?
ANSWER:
Thecurrent'sdirectionmustbeclockwise.
Thecurrent'sdirectionmustbecounterclockwise.

Correct

PartB
Whatmustbethemagnitudeofthecurrentintheouterwiresothatthenetmagneticfieldduetothiscombinationofwires
iszeroatthecommoncenterofthewires?
ANSWER:
I

= 25.0 A

Correct
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Exercise28.52
Atoroidalsolenoid(seethefigure)hasinnerradius13.4cmand
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outerradius18.9
cm.Thesolenoidhas200turnsandcarriesa
currentof7.80A.

PartA
Whatisthemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldat10.9cmfromthecenterofthetorus?
ANSWER:
B

= 0 T

Correct

PartB
Whatisthemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldat16.2cmfromthecenterofthetorus?
ANSWER:
B

= 1.93103 T

Correct

PartC
Whatisthemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldat20.3cmfromthecenterofthetorus?
ANSWER:
B

= 0 T

Correct

Problem28.80
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AcircularloophasradiusRandcarriescurrentI2 inaclockwisedirection(thefigure).ThecenteroftheloopisadistanceD
abovealong,straightwire.

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PartA
WhatisthemagnitudeofthecurrentI1 inthewireifthemagneticfieldatthecenteroftheloopiszero?
ExpressyouranswerintermsofthevariablesI2 ,R,D,andappropriateconstants(0 and).
ANSWER:

I1

I2

D
R

Correct

PartB
WhatisthedirectionofthecurrentI1 ?
ANSWER:
ThecurrentI1 mustpointtotheleft.
ThecurrentI1 mustpointtotheright.

Correct

Problem28.62
Along,straightwirecarriesacurrentof5.20A.Anelectronistravelinginthevicinityofthewire.

PartA
Attheinstantwhentheelectronis4.70cmfromthewireandtravelingwithaspeedof6.00104m/sdirectlytowardthe
wire,whatisthemagnitudeoftheforcethatthemagneticfieldofthecurrentexertsontheelectron?
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ANSWER:
F

= 2.121019 N

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Correct

PartB
Whatisthedirection(relativetothedirectionofthecurrent)ofthisforce?
ANSWER:
oppositetothecurrent
inthesamedirectionasthecurrent
perpendiculartothecurrent

Correct

MagneticFieldnearaMovingCharge
Aparticlewithpositivechargeqismovingwithspeedv alongthezaxistowardpositivez.Atthetimeofthisproblemitis
locatedattheorigin,x = y = z = 0.Yourtaskistofindthemagneticfieldatvariouslocationsinthethreedimensionalspace
aroundthemovingcharge.

PartA

Whichofthefollowingexpressionsgivesthemagneticfieldatthepointr duetothemovingcharge?

A.
B.

r
^
qv

r2

r
qv

r3

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C.
D.

0
4
0
4

^ v
qr
r

v
qr
r

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ANSWER:

Aonly
Bonly
Conly
Donly
bothAandB
bothCandD
bothAandC
bothBandD

Correct

Themainpointhereisthattherdependenceisreally1/r2 .The1/r3 resultsfromusingr inthenumeratorrather

^.
thantheunitvector r

Asecondpointisthattheorderofthecrossproductmustbesuchthattherighthandruleworks:Ifyourrightthumbis

alongthedirectionofthecurrent,qv,yourfingersmustcurlalongthedirectionofthemagneticfield.

PartB
Findthemagneticfieldatthepointr 1

^
= x1 i

^
Expressyouranswerintermsof0 ,q,v ,andx1 ,anduse^i ,^
j ,and kforthethreeunitvectors.

Hint1.Findthemagneticfielddirection

.Whatisthedirectionofthemagneticfieldatpoint r 1
?
Considerthedirectionsofv and
r1
^
Expressyouranswerintermsof^i ,^
j ,and k.

Hint1.Crossproducts
Thedirectionofthecrossproductvectorcanbefoundbyusingtherighthandrule.
Alternatively,youcouldusethefollowingrelations:
^
^
^ ^
^
^ ^
^
^
i j = k, j k = i , k i = j .
Hereisausefuldeviceforrememberingtheserelations.Lookatthefigureshown.Ifyougoaroundthe
circleclockwise(i.e.,startingoutalphabetically)asinthefigure,thenthecrossproductvectorontheright
handsideoftheequationsaboveappearswithapositivesign.Forexample,supposethatyouneededtofind
^
thedirectionofthevector^
k i .Noticethatifyoustartat zinthefigureandmoveto x,youaregoing

clockwise,thatis,inthedirectionthearrowspoint.Therefore,theanswerwillbe+^
j.
Usinga b =

b a

givestherelations:
^
^
^ ^
^
^ ^
^
^
i k = j , k j = i , j i = k

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Soifyougocounterclockwisearoundthecirclein
thefigureshown,orstartoutinreverse
alphabeticalorder,thenthecrossproductvector
ontherighthandsideappearswithanegative
sign.Forexample,supposethatyouneededto
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findthedirectionofthevector^i ^
k.Noticethatif
youstartatxinthefigureandmovetoz,youare
goingcounterclockwise,thatis,againstthe
directionthearrowspoint.Therefore,theanswer
willbe^
j.

ANSWER:
^
j

ANSWER:

)
B(r 1

0 vq

^
j
4x 1 2

Correct

PartC
Findthemagneticfieldatthepointr 2

^
= y1 j

^
Expressyouranswerintermsof0 ,q,v ,x1 ,andy1 ,anduse^i ,^
j ,and kforthethreeunitvectors.

ANSWER:

)
B(r 2

qv
0

^
i
4y 1 2

Correct

PartD
Findthemagneticfieldatthepointr 3

^
^
= x1 i + z1 k

^
Expressyouranswerintermsof0 ,q,v ,x1 ,y1 ,andz1 ,anduse^i ,^
j ,and kforthethreeunitvectors.

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Hint1.Evaluatethecrossproduct
Tofindthemagneticfieldforthispart,itisconvenienttouseexpressionBfromPartA:
Typesettingmath:63%

Knowingv =

B(r 3
)=
^
vk

andr 3

^
^
= x1 i + z1 k

0
4

r
qv
3
|
|r 3

,findv r 3 .

^
Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesq,v ,x1 ,andy1 anduse^i ,^
j ,and kforthe
threeunitvectors.

ANSWER:

v r 3

^
vx1 j

Hint2.Findthedistancefromthecharge
Whatisthemagnitudeofthevectorr 3 ?
Expressyouranswerintermsofx1 andz1 .
ANSWER:
|
|r 3

2
2
x1
+ z1

ANSWER:

B(r 3
)

0 qvx 1

^
j
4(x 1 2 +z1 2 )

1.5

Correct

PartE
Thefieldfoundinthisproblemforamovingchargeisthesameasthefieldfromacurrentelementoflengthdlcarrying
currentiprovidedthatthequantityqvisreplacedbywhichquantity?

Hint1.Makingacorrelation
Ifqvdescribesamovingcharge,therelatedexpressionyoufindmustalsodescribeamovingcharge.Remember
thati =

dq
dt

andthatv =

dl
dt

ANSWER:
idl

Correct
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MagneticFieldduetoaWireConceptualQuestion
ThesameamountofcurrentI isflowingthroughtwowires,labeled1and2inthefigure,inthedirectionsindicatedbythe
Typesettingmath:63%

arrows.Inthisproblemyouwilldeterminethedirectionofthenetmagneticfield
Bnet ateachoftheindicatedpoints(AC).

PartA
WhatisthedirectionofthemagneticfieldBnet atpointA?Recallthatthecurrentsinthetwowireshaveequal
magnitudes.

Hint1.Themagnitudeofthemagneticfieldduetoalong,straightcurrentcarryingwire
ThemagnitudeBofamagneticfieldBisdirectlyproportionaltotheamountofcurrentI flowinginthewireand
inverselyproportionaltothedistancerfromthewire:
B=

0 I
2r

Hint2.Thedirectionofthemagneticfieldduetoalong,straightcurrentcarryingwire
Themagneticfieldsurroundingalong,straightwireencirclesthewire,asshowninthefigure:

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Thedirectionofthefieldisdeterminedbyarighthandrule:Graspthewirewiththethumbofyourrighthandinthe
directionofthecurrentflow.Thedirectioninwhichyourfingersencirclethewireisthedirectioninwhichthe
magneticfieldencirclesthewire.
Typesettingmath:63%

Hint3.Howtoapproachtheproblem
TodeterminethedirectionofthemagneticfieldatpointA,youmustdeterminethecontributiontothefieldfromboth
ofthewires.ThefieldatpointAisthevectorsumofthesetwocontributions.
BecausepointAisinthesameplaneasthewires,thecontributiontothenetmagneticfieldatpointAfromwire1
orwire2willeitherpointintooroutofthescreen.Keepinmindthatifthemagneticfieldsareinoppositedirections,
thelargerfieldwilldecidethedirectionofthenetmagneticfield.Iftheyarethesamesize,thenetmagneticfield
willbezero.

Hint4.FindthedirectionofthemagneticfieldatpointAduetowire1
Isthemagneticfieldfromwire1directedintooroutofthescreenatpointA?Besuretopointyourthumbinthe
directionofthecurrent,inthiscasetotheright.
ANSWER:
in
out

Hint5.FindthedirectionofthemagneticfieldatpointAduetowire2
Isthemagneticfieldfromwire2directedintooroutofthescreenatpointA?Besuretopointyourthumbinthe
directionofthecurrent,inthiscasedownward.
ANSWER:
in
out

ANSWER:
Bnet pointsoutofthescreenatA.
Bnet pointsintothescreenatA.
B pointsneitheroutofnorintothescreenandB
net

Bnet

net

atA.

atA.

= 0

Correct

PartB
WhatisthedirectionofthemagneticfieldBnet atpointB?

Hint1.FindthedirectionofthemagneticfieldatpointBduetowire1
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Isthemagneticfieldfromwire1directedintooroutofthescreenatpointB?
ANSWER:
Typesettingmath:63%
in

out

Hint2.FindthedirectionofthemagneticfieldatpointBduetowire2
Isthemagneticfieldfromwire2directedintooroutofthescreenatpointB?
ANSWER:
in
out

ANSWER:
Bnet pointsoutofthescreenatB.
Bnet pointsintothescreenatB.
B pointsneitheroutofnorintothescreenandB
net

Bnet

net

atB

atB.

= 0

Correct

PartC
WhatisthedirectionofthemagneticfieldBnet atpointC?

Hint1.FindthedirectionofthemagneticfieldatpointCduetowire1
Isthemagneticfieldfromwire1directedintooroutofthescreenatpointC?
ANSWER:
in
out

Hint2.FindthedirectionofthemagneticfieldatpointCduetowire2
Isthemagneticfieldfromwire2directedintooroutofthescreenatpointC?
ANSWER:

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in
out
Typesettingmath:63%

ANSWER:
Bnet pointsoutofthescreenatC.
Bnet pointsintothescreenatC.
B pointsneitheroutofnorintothescreenandB
net

Bnet

net

atC.

atC.

= 0

Correct

MagneticFieldGeneratedbyaFinite,CurrentCarryingWire
AsteadycurrentI isflowingthroughastraightwireoffinitelength.

PartA
FindB1 ,themagnitudeofthemagneticfieldgeneratedbythiswireatapointPlocatedadistancexfromthecenterof
thewire.AssumethatatPtheanglesubtendedfromthemidpointofthewiretoeachendism asshowninthediagram.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofI ,x,m ,andk

= 0 /(4)

Hint1.Formulaforthemagneticfieldofacurrentcarryingwire(BiotSavartlaw)
ThemagneticfieldBofacurrentcarryingwire(BiotSavartlaw)is

B = k

^
I dl r
r2

wherek = 0 /(4),I isthecurrentthroughtheelement,dl isavectorwithlength

dl ,inthesamedirectionas
^ isaunitvectorthatpointsfromthesourcepointtothefieldpointP, risthedistance
thecurrentintheconductor, r

^ makeswith dl ,andtheintegralisdoneoverthe
betweenthesourcepointandthefieldpoint,istheangle r

lengthoftheentirewire.Thefigureshows(a)themagneticfieldvectorsdBduetoacurrentelementdl and(b)
magneticfieldlinesinaplanecontainingthecurrent
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magneticfieldlinesinaplanecontainingthecurrent
elementdl .
^ and rarefunctionsofthepositionalong
Notethatboth r

Typesettingmath:63%
thewire(l).

Hint2.Simplifythevectorintegral
Considerasmallsegmentofthewire.InwhatdirectionisthemagneticfieldatPduetothissegment(givenbythe
BiotSavartlaw)?
ANSWER:
outoftheplaneofthescreen
intotheplaneofthescreen
alongOPawayfromO
alongPOtowardO

^|
Hint3.Find|dl r

^ forsomegeneralpointonthewirecanbetakenasshowninthefigure.Whatis
Inthisproblem,dl and
r

^|
|dl r

Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthe
variablesxandandd.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Writeandthensin intermsofanditstrignometricfunctions.Alsowriteanequationforl,thedistance
fromthecenterofthewiretotheinfinitessimalelementdl,intermsofxand.Differentiatethistofinddl.
(Notethatxcanbetreatedasaconstantforthisdifferential.)Substitutethesequantitiesintotheaequation

^| = dl sin
|dl r

tan
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Hint2.Derivativeoftan
Notethat
d(tan )
d

Typesettingmath:63%

1
cos 2

ANSWER:

^|
|dl r

xd
cos()

Hint4.Findr
Findanexpressionforrasshowninthefigure.
Expressyouranswerasafunctionofthevariablesx
and/or.

ANSWER:
= \large{\frac{x}{{\cos}\left({\theta}\right)}}

ANSWER:
\texttip{B_{\rm1}}{B_1}= \large{\frac{2kI{\sin}\left({\theta}_{m}\right)}{x}}

Correct
Themagneticfieldforaninfinitelylongwirecanbeobtainedbysetting\theta_m=\pi/2inthepreviousexpression.This
givesamagneticfield
\large{B=\frac{2kI}{x}=\frac{\mu_0I}{2\pix}},
whichyouprobablyderivedinanearlierproblemorinlectureusingtheBiotSavartlaw.

PartB
Nowfind\texttip{B_{\rm2}}{B_2},themagneticfieldgeneratedbythiswireatapointPlocatedadistance\texttip{x}{x}
fromeitherendofthewire.AssumethatatPtheanglesubtendedfromtheendofthewiretotheotherendis\texttip{\theta
_{\rmend}}{theta_end}asshowninthediagram.
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Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{I}{I},\texttip{x}{x},
\texttip{\theta_{\rmend}}{theta_end},andk=\mu_0/(4\pi).

Typesettingmath:63%

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Whenyoudidthelastpart,youobtainedanintegralthatyouevaluatedtofindthemagneticfieldintermsofthe
anglesmadebyalineperpendiculartothewirepassingthroughthepointwhereyouarecalculatingthefieldand
linesconnectingthatpointandeachwireend.
Tosolvethisproblem,youcansimplychangethevaluesoftheseangles(i.e.changeyourlimitsofintegration.)

Hint2.Limitingvalueof\texttip{\theta}{theta}
Notethat,attheendofthewirenearthepointchosen,\theta=0.Attheotherend,useasimilarargumentfor
\texttip{\theta}{theta}asyouusedinthepreviouspart.
ANSWER:
\texttip{B_{\rm2}}{B_2}= \large{\frac{kI{\sin}\left({\theta}_{\rm{end}}\right)}{x}}

Correct
Setting\theta_{\rmend}=\pi/2inthepreviousexpressionyieldsthemagneticfieldforasemiinfinitewire:
\large{B=\frac{kI}{x}=\frac{\mu_0I}{4\pix}},
whichisinfactjusthalfthevalueofthemagneticfieldduetoaninfinitelylongwire.Thisdifferenceresultsfromthe
pointchosenbeingclosetooneoftheendsofthewire.Such"endeffects"fornoninfinitewiresalwayschangethe
magneicfieldnearthatpoint.

CancelingaMagneticField
Fourverylong,currentcarryingwiresinthesameplaneintersecttoformasquarewithsidelengthsof50.0{\rmcm},as
showninthefigure.Thecurrentsrunningthroughthewiresare8.0{\rmA},20.0{\rmA},10.0{\rmA},and\texttip{I}{I}.

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PartA
Findthemagnitudeofthecurrent\texttip{I}{I}thatwillmakethemagneticfieldatthecenterofthesquareequaltozero.
Expressyouranswerinamperes.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Findthemagneticfieldatthecenterofthesquareduetothewireswhosecurrentyouknow.Then,findthecurrent
\texttip{I}{I}whosecontributiontothemagneticfieldwillexactlycancelthecontributionoftheotherthreewires.

Hint2.Calculatingthecontributionfromthethreeknownwires
Whatisthemagnitude\left|\vec{B}_{\rmc}\right|ofthemagneticfieldatthecenterofthesquareduetothewires
carryingthe8.0,20,and10\rm{A}currents?Becarefulwithsignswhenyouaddthecontributionsfromthethree
differentwires.
Expressyouranswerinteslastothreesignificantfigures.

Hint1.Ampre'slaw
RecallAmpre'slaw:
\mu_0I=\oint{B\cdotdl}.
Youcanusethistodeterminetheformulaforthemagneticfieldgeneratedbyalongwire.Useacircle
centeredonthewireasyourpathofintegration.

Hint2.Gettingyoursignscorrect
Recalltherighthandrule:Ifyourthumb,onyourrighthand,pointsinthedirectioninwhichthecurrentis
flowing,yourfingerswillcurlinthedirectionofthemagneticfield.
ANSWER:
\left|\vec{B}_{\rmc}\right|= 1.60106 \rm{T}

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ANSWER:
\texttip{I}{I}= 2.00 \rm{A}
Typesettingmath:63%

Correct

PartB
Whatisthedirectionofthecurrent\texttip{I}{I}?

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
IfyouwereabletomastertherighthandruleinPartA,youshouldbeabletogetthis.Yourgoalistocancelthe
magneticfieldcontributionsfromtheotherthreewires.
ANSWER:
upward
downward

Correct

ForcebetweenTwoInfinite,ParallelWires
Youaregiventwoinfinite,parallelwireseachcarryingcurrent\texttip{I}{I}.Thewiresareseparatedbyadistance\texttip{d}{d},
andthecurrentinthetwowiresisflowinginthesamedirection.Thisproblemconcernstheforceperunitlengthbetweenthe
wires.

PartA
Istheforcebetweenthewiresattractiveorrepulsive?

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Firstfindthedirectionofthemagneticfieldatwire2duetowire1(usingtherighthandrule).Next,findthedirection
oftheforceonwire2duetothismagneticfield.Theforceonaparticlewithcharge\texttip{q}{q}movingwith
velocity\texttip{\vec{v}}{v_vec}inamagneticfield\texttip{\vec{B}}{B_vec}is\vec{F}=q\vec{v}\times\vec{B}.Don't
forgetthattheelectronisnegativelycharged,so\texttip{q}{q}isnegative,andthevelocityoftheelectronsinthe
wirewillbeoppositetothedirectionofthecurrent.
ANSWER:
attractive
repulsive

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Correct
Typesettingmath:63%

PartB

WhatistheforceperunitlengthF/Lbetweenthetwowires?
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{I}{I},\texttip{d}{d},andconstantssuchas\texttip{\mu_{\rm0}}{mu_0}and
\texttip{\pi}{pi}.

Hint1.Magneticfieldatwire2duetowire1
UseAmpre'slawtofindthemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldofwire1atthepositionofwire2.
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{I}{I},\texttip{d}{d},andconstantssuchas\texttip{\mu_{\rm0}}
{mu_0}and\texttip{\pi}{pi}.

Hint1.Relevantequation
Ampre'slawstatesthat
\displaystyle\oint\vec{B}\cdotd\vec{s}=\mu_0I,
wheretheintegralisoveraclosedloop,\vec{B}isthemagneticfield,d\vec{s}istheinfinitesimallength
element,and\texttip{\mu_{\rm0}}{mu_0}isthepermeabilityoffreespace.
ANSWER:
\texttip{B}{B}= \large{\frac{{\mu}_{0}I}{2{\pi}d}}

Hint2.Forceonwire2
Theforceonaparticlewithcharge\texttip{q}{q}movingwithvelocity\texttip{\vec{v}}{v_vec}inamagneticfield
\texttip{\vec{B}}{B_vec}is\vec{F}=q\vec{v}\times\vec{B}.Thecurrentinawirewith\texttip{n}{n}particlesperunit
length,whereeachparticlehascharge\texttip{q}{q}andvelocity\texttip{\vec{v}}{v_vec},is\vec{I}=nq\vec{v}.Don't
forgetthattheelectronisnegativelycharged,so\texttip{q}{q}isnegative,andthevelocityoftheelectronsinthe
wirewillbeoppositetothedirectionofthecurrent.
ANSWER:
\large{\frac{F}{L}}= \large{{\mu}_{0}{\frac{I^{2}}{2{\pi}d}}}

Correct

PartC
IntheSIsystem,theunitofcurrent,theampere,isdefinedbythisrelationshipusinganapparatuscalledanAmpre
balance.Whatwouldbetheforceperunitlengthoftwoinfinitelylongwires,separatedbyadistance1\{\rmm},if1\{\rm
A}ofcurrentwereflowingthrougheachofthem?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinnewtonspermeter.
ANSWER:

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\large{\frac{F}{L}}= 2.00107 \large{\frac{\rmN}{\rmm}}

Typesettingmath:63%
Correct

InamorepracticalAmprebalanceexperiment,theforceonaloopofwirebetweentwocurrentcarrryingloopsis
measuredbecausethetwowirescreateafieldthatdoesnotvarysomuchwithposition.

PSS28.2Ampere'sLaw
LearningGoal:
TopracticeProblemSolvingStrategy28.2Ampere'sLaw.
Asolidcylindricalconductorissupportedbyinsulatingdisksontheaxisofaconductingtubewithouterradius\texttip{R_a}
{R_a}=6.35{\rmcm}andinnerradius\texttip{R_b}{R_b}=3.55{\rmcm}.Thecentralconductorandtheconductingtubecarry
equalcurrentsof\texttip{I}{I}=2.45{\rmA}inoppositedirections.
Thecurrentsaredistributeduniformlyoverthecrosssectionsofeach
conductor.Whatisthevalueofthemagneticfieldatadistance
\texttip{r}{r}=5.60{\rmcm}fromtheaxisoftheconductingtube?

ProblemSolvingStrategy28.2:Ampere'sLaw
IDENTIFYtherelevantconcepts:
LikeGaussslawforelectricity,Ampereslawisalwaystruebutismostusefulinsituationswherethemagneticfieldis
symmetrical.
SETUPtheproblemusingthefollowingsteps:
1.SelecttheintegrationpathyouwillusewithAmpereslaw.Ifyouwanttodeterminethemagneticfieldatacertain
point,thenthepathmustpassthroughthatpoint.Theintegrationpathhastohaveenoughsymmetrytomake
evaluationoftheintegralpossible.
2.Determinethetargetvariable(s).Usuallythiswillbethemagnitudeofthemagneticfield\texttip{\vec{B}}{B_vec}
asafunctionofposition.
EXECUTEthesolutionasfollows:
1.Carryouttheintegral\oint\vec{B}\cdotd\vec{l}alongyourchosenintegrationpath.If\vec{B}istangenttoallor
someportionoftheintegrationpathandhasthesamemagnitudeBateverypoint,thenitslineintegralequalsB
multipliedbythelengthofthatportionofthepath.If\vec{B}isperpendiculartosomeportionofthepath,that
portionmakesnocontributiontotheintegral.
2.Intheintegral\oint\vec{B}\cdotd\vec{l},\vec{B}isalwaysthetotalmagneticfieldateachpointonthepath.Ifno
netcurrentisenclosedbythepath,thefieldatpointsonthepathneednotbezero,buttheintegral\oint
\vec{B}\cdotd\vec{l}isalwayszero.
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3.DeterminethecurrentI_{\rmencl}enclosedbytheintegrationpath.Thesignofthiscurrentisgivenbyaright
handrule.
4.UseAmpereslaw\oint\vec{B}\cdotd\vec{l}=\mu_0I_{\rmencl}tosolveforthetargetvariable.
EVALUATEyouranswer:
Typesettingmath:63%
Ifyourresultisanexpressionforthefieldmagnitudeasafunctionofposition,youcancheckitbyexamininghowthe
expressionbehavesindifferentlimits.

IDENTIFYtherelevantconcepts
Youareaskedtofindthemagneticfieldataspecificdistancefromtheaxisofacurrentcarryingtube.Thiscanbe
accomplishedusingAmpere'slaw,sotheabovestrategyisappropriate.

SETUPtheproblemusingthefollowingsteps
PartA
Whichpictureaccuratelydepictsthegeneralpatternofthemagneticfieldlinescreatedbythecurrent?

Hint1.Usetherighthandrule
Usethefollowingstepsoftherighthandruletodeterminethemagneticfield.
1.Pointyourrightthumbinthedirectionofthecurrent.
2.Curlyourfingersaroundthewiretoindicateacircle.
3.Yourfingerspointinthedirectionofthemagneticfieldlinesaroundthewire.

ANSWER:

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Correct
Thecurrentisflowingparalleltotheaxisoftheconductingtubeandtheinnerconductingcylinder.Usingtheright
handruletodeterminethedirectionofthemagneticfield,themagneticfieldlineswillbeconcentriccirclescentered
ontheaxisofthetubeandtheinnercylinder.

PartB
WhatwillbetheintegrationpathusedinAmpere'slawtocalculatethemagneticfield\vec{B}atadistance\texttip{r}{r}from
theaxisoftheinnercylinder?
ANSWER:

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Correct
Themagneticfieldlinesareconcentriccirclesaroundtheaxisofthecurrentcarryingconductors.Forthisreasonthe
choiceofacircularintegrationpath\texttip{\vec{dl}}{dl_vec}thatiscoaxialwiththeconductorswillgreatlysimplyyour
calculations.

EXECUTEthesolutionasfollows
PartC
Whatisthevalueofthemagneticfieldatadistance\texttip{r}{r}=5.60{\rmcm}fromtheaxisoftheconductingtube?
Recallthat\mu_0=4\pi\times10^{7}~{\rmT\cdotm/A}.
Expressyouranswernumericallyinteslas.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Inordertofindthevalueofthemagneticfieldatadistance\texttip{r}{r}=5.60{\rmcm}fromtheaxisofthe
conductingtube,youmustfindanexpressionforthemagneticfieldusingAmpere'slaw:
\oint\vec{B}\cdotd\vec{l}=\mu_0I_{\rmencl}
whereI_{\rmencl}isthetotalcurrentenclosedbytheintegrationpath.Usethegeometryoftheconductorsto
determineI_{\rmencl}.Keepinmindthatyouwillhavetofindthecurrentenclosedfromboththeinnercylinderand
theoutertubeandaddthemtogethertofindthetotalI_{\rmencl}.

Hint2.Findanexpressionfor\texttip{I_{\rmencl}}{I_encl}
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WhatistheexpressionforthecurrentI_{\rmencl}enclosedinthepathofintegrationintermsofthecurrent
\texttip{I}{I},theouterradius\texttip{R_a}{R_a},theinnerradius\texttip{R_b}{R_b},andthedistancefromtheaxis
\texttip{r}{r}whereR_a>r>R_b?
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{I}{I},\texttip{R_a}{R_a},\texttip{R_b}{R_b},and\texttip{r}{r}.

Typesettingmath:63%

Hint1.HowtofindI_{\rmencl}enclosedby\texttip{r}{r}
TofindthetotalenclosedcurrentI_{\rmencl},youmustaddtogethertheenclosedcurrentfromboththe
innercylinderandtheoutertube.SinceR_a>r>R_b,onlyaportionofthetotalcurrentinthetubewillbe
enclosedbythepathofintegration.Tofindthecurrentinthisenclosedportionofthetubeyoumustfindthe
currentdensityJinthetube.ThecurrentdensitycanthenbeusedtofindthecurrentI_1throughthe
enclosedportionoftheconductingtubebyfirstfindingtheareaA_1oftheenclosedportionofthetubeand
thenusingtheexpressionI_1=JA_1.

Hint2.FindanexpressionforI_{\rmencl}forthecylinder
WhatistheexpressionfortheenclosedcurrentI_{\rmencl}fortheentireinnercylinder(i.e.,for\texttip{r}{r}
betweentheinnercylinderandtheoutertube)intermsofthecurrent\texttip{I}{I}?
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{I}{I}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{I_{\rmencl}}{I_encl}= I

Hint3.FindanexpressionforthecurrentdensityJintheconductingtube
WhatistheexpressionforthecurrentdensityJintheconductingtubeintermsofthecurrent\texttip{I}{I},
theouterradius\texttip{R_a}{R_a},andtheinnerradius\texttip{R_b}{R_b}?
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{I}{I},\texttip{R_a}{R_a},and\texttip{R_b}{R_b}.

Hint1.Howtofindthecurrentdensityinthetube
Tofindthecurrentthroughaportionofaconductingtube,firstcalculatethecurrentdensityJusing
theexpressionJ=I_O/A_OforthewholeobjectwhereA_Oisthecrosssectionalareaoftheobject
andI_Oisthethetotalcurrentflowingthroughtheobject.

Hint2.Howtofindanexpressionforthearea
Thecrosssectionalareaoftheconductingtubeistheareaofacirclewiththeinnerradius
\texttip{R_b}{R_b}subtractedfromtheareaofacirclewiththeouterradius\texttip{R_a}{R_a}as
showninthefigurehere.

RecallthattheareaofacircleofradiusRisgivenbytheexpressionA=\piR^2.
ANSWER:

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\texttip{J}{J}= \large{\frac{I}{{\pi}\left({R_{a}}^{2}{R_{b}}^{2}\right)}}

Typesettingmath:63%

ANSWER:

\texttip{I_{\rmencl}}{I_encl}= \large{I\left(1\frac{r^{2}{R_{b}}^{2}}{{R_{a}}^{2}{R_{b}}^{2}}\right)}

Hint3.Findtheexpressionforthemagneticfield
WhatistheexpressionforthemagneticfieldBatadistance\texttip{r}{r}fromtheaxisoftheconductingtube
(R_a>r>R_b)intermsofthecurrent\texttip{I}{I},theouterradius\texttip{R_a}{R_a},theinnerradius
\texttip{R_b}{R_b},thedistancefromtheaxisofthetube\texttip{r}{r},and\texttip{\mu_{\rm0}}{mu_0}?
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{I}{I},\texttip{R_a}{R_a},\texttip{R_b}{R_b},\texttip{r}{r},and
\texttip{\mu_{\rm0}}{mu_0}.

Hint1.EvaluatetheintegralinAmpere'slaw
WhatistheexpressionforthelefthandsideofAmpere'slawintermsofBand\texttip{r}{r}afterthepath
integralisperformed?RecallthatAmpere'slawis
\oint\vec{B}\cdotd\vec{l}=\mu_0I_{\rmencl}
andthepath\vec{dl}(definedinPartB)isaroundacircleofradius\texttip{r}{r}.
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{B}{B}and\texttip{r}{r}.
ANSWER:
\mu_0I_{\rmencl}= B{\cdot}2{\pi}r

ANSWER:
\texttip{B}{B}= \large{\frac{{\mu}_{0}I}{2{\pi}r}\left(1\frac{r^{2}{R_{b}}^{2}}{{R_{a}}^{2}{R_{b}}^{2}}\right)}

ANSWER:
\texttip{B}{B}= 2.83106 \rmT

Correct

EVALUATEyouranswer
PartD
Rankfromlargesttosmallestthevaluesofthemagneticfieldatthefollowingdistancesfromtheaxisoftheconducting
cylinder:\texttip{R_a}{R_a}=6.35{\rmcm},\texttip{R_b}{R_b}=3.55{\rmcm},\texttip{r}{r}=5.60{\rmcm},andr>R_a.
Rankfromlargesttosmallest.Torankitemsasequivalent,overlapthem.
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ANSWER:

Reset

Help

Typesettingmath:63%

Barr>R_{\rma}

BarR_{\rmb}<r<R_{\rma}

BatR_{\rmb}

BatR_{\rma}

Largest

Smallest

Thecorrectrankingcannotbedetermined.

Correct
Attheinnerradius\texttip{R_b}{R_b}oftheconductingtubethecurrentenclosedbytheintegrationpathforAmpere's
lawisonlythecurrent\texttip{I}{I}throughtheinnerconductor.Astheradiusoftheintegrationpathincreases,the
totalenclosedcurrentdecreasessincethecurrentintheconductingtubeisintheoppositedirectionasthecurrentin
theinnercylinder.Attheouterradius\texttip{R_a}{R_a}oftheconductingtube,andforalldistanceslargerthan
\texttip{R_a}{R_a},thetotalenclosedcurrentiszeroresultinginzeromagneticfield.

Exercise28.2
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IntheBohrmodelofthehydrogenatom,theelectronmovesinacircularorbitofradius5.3\times10^{11}\{\rm{m}}witha
speedof2.2\times10^6\{\rm{m/s}}.

PartA

Typesettingmath:63%

Ifweareviewingtheatominsuchawaythattheelectron'sorbitisintheplaneofthepaperwiththeelectronmoving
clockwise,findthemagnitudeoftheelectricfieldthattheelectronproducesatthelocationofthenucleus(treatedasa
point).
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
E= 5.11011 \rmN/C

Correct

PartB
Findthedirectionoftheelectricfieldthattheelectronproducesatthelocationofthenucleus(treatedasapoint).
ANSWER:
fromtheelectron
towardtheelectron
outofthepage
intothepage

Correct

PartC
Findthemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldthattheelectronproducesatthelocationofthenucleus(treatedasapoint).
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
B= 13 \rmT

Correct

PartD
Findthedirectionofthemagneticfieldthattheelectronproducesatthelocationofthenucleus(treatedasapoint).
ANSWER:

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fromtheelectron
towardtheelectron
outofthepage

Typesettingmath:63%

intothepage

Correct

Exercise28.5
A4.90{\rm\muC}chargeismovingataconstantspeedof6.80105{\rmm/s}inthe+x{\rm{direction}}relativetoa
referenceframe.Attheinstantwhenthepointchargeisattheorigin,whatisthemagneticfieldvectoritproducesatthe
followingpoints.

PartA
x=0.500\{\rm{m}},\y=0,z=0
Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
B_x,\B_y,\B_z= 0,0,0 \rmT

Correct

PartB
x=0,y=0.500\{\rm{m}},z=0
Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
B_x,\B_y,\B_z= 0,0,1.33106 \rmT

Correct

PartC
x=0.500\{\rm{m}},y=0.500\{\rm{m}},z=0
Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
B_x,\B_y,\B_z= 0,0,4.71107 \rmT

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Correct
Typesettingmath:63%

PartD

x=0,y=0,z=0.500\{\rm{m}}
Enteryouranswersnumericallyseparatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
B_x,\B_y,\B_z= 0,1.33106,0 \rmT

Correct

Exercise28.10
Ashortcurrentelementd\vecl=(0.500\rmmm)\hatjcarriesacurrentof4.90{\rm\A}inthesamedirectionasd\vecl.Point
Pislocatedat\vecr=(0.730\rmm)\hati+(0.390\,\rmm)\hatk.

PartA
FindthemagneticfieldatPproducedbythiscurrentelement.
Enterthex,y,andzcomponentsofthemagneticfieldseparatedbycommas.
ANSWER:
dB_x,dB_y,dB_z= 1.691010,0,3.161010 {\rmT}

Correct

Exercise28.22
Currentsindctransmissionlinescanbe100{\rmA}orhigher.Somepeopleareconcernedthattheelectromagneticfieldsfrom
suchlinesneartheirhomescouldposehealthdangers.

PartA
Foralinethathascurrent130{\rm\A}andaheightof8.0{\rmm}abovetheground,whatmagneticfielddoestheline
produceatgroundlevel?Expressyouranswerinteslas.
ANSWER:
B= 3.3106 \rmT

Correct

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PartB
Whatmagneticfielddoesthelineproduceatgroundlevelasapercentoftheearth'smagneticfield,whichis0.50\rmG.
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.

Typesettingmath:63%

ANSWER:
\large{\frac{B}{B_E}}= 6.5 \%

Correct

PartC
Isthisvalueofmagneticfieldcauseforworry?
ANSWER:
Yes.Sincethisfieldisdoesnotdifferalotfromtheearth'smagneticfield,itwouldbeexpectedtohavealmost
thesameeffectastheearthsfield.
No.Sincethisfieldisdoesnotdifferalotfromtheearth'smagneticfield,itwouldbeexpectedtohavealmost
thesameeffectastheearthsfield.
Yes.Sincethisfieldismuchgreaterthantheearth'smagneticfield,itwouldbeexpectedtohavemoreeffect
thantheearthsfield.
No.Sincethisfieldismuchsmallerthantheearth'smagneticfield,itwouldbeexpectedtohavelesseffectthan
theearthsfield.

Correct

Exercise28.30
Twolong,parallelwiresareseparatedbyadistanceof3.70{\rm{\rmcm}}.Theforceperunitlengththateachwireexertson
theotheris5.00105{\rm{\rmN/m}},andthewiresrepeleachother.Thecurrentinonewireis0.680{\rm{\rmA}}.

PartA
Whatisthecurrentinthesecondwire?
ANSWER:
I= 13.6 {\rmA}

Correct

PartB
Arethetwocurrentsinthesamedirectionorinoppositedirections?
ANSWER:
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Inthesamedirection
Inoppositedirection
Typesettingmath:63%

Correct

Exercise28.36
Acloselywound,circularcoilwithradius2.40{\rm\{\rmcm}}has800turns.

PartA
Whatmustthecurrentinthecoilbeifthemagneticfieldatthecenterofthecoilis0.0750{\rm\{\rmT}}?
Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
I= 3.58{\rmA}

Correct

PartB
Atwhatdistancexfromthecenterofthecoil,ontheaxisofthecoil,isthemagneticfieldhalfitsvalueatthecenter?
Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
x= 1.84{\rmcm}

Correct

Exercise28.41
Aclosedcurveencirclesseveralconductors.Thelineintegralaroundthiscurveis\oint\vec{B}\cdotd\vec{l}=4.45104{\rm
{\rmT\cdotm}}.

PartA
Whatisthenetcurrentintheconductors?
ANSWER:
I= 354 {\rmA}

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Correct
Typesettingmath:63%

PartB

Ifyouweretointegratearoundthecurveintheoppositedirection,whatwouldbethevalueofthelineintegral?
ANSWER:
4.45104 {\rmT}\cdot{\rmm}

Correct

Exercise28.42
Asanewelectricaltechnician,youaredesigningalargesolenoidtoproduceauniform0.120\rmTmagneticfieldnearthe
centerofthesolenoid.Youhaveenoughwirefor3600circularturns.Thissolenoidmustbe58.0{\rm\{\rmcm}}longand
4.00{\rm\{\rmcm}}indiameter.

PartA
Whatcurrentwillyouneedtoproducethenecessaryfield?
Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
I= 15.4{\rmA}

Correct

Problem28.68
InthewireshowninsegmentBCisanarcofacirclewithradius30.0
\rmcm,andpointPisatthecenterofcurvatureofthearc.Segment
DAisanarcofacirclewithradius20.0\rmcm,andpointPisatits
centerofcurvature.SegmentsCDandABarestraightlinesoflength
10.0\rmcmeach.

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PartA
CalculatethemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldatapointPduetoacurrent11.0{\rm\A}inthewire.
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits
Typesettingmath:63%
ANSWER:
B= 3.84{\rm{\mu}T}

Correct

PartB
Whatisthedirectionofmagneticfield?
ANSWER:
outofthepage
intothepage

Correct

Problem28.73
Long,straightconductorswithsquarecrosssectionsandeachcarryingcurrentIarelaidsidebysidetoformaninfinitecurrent
sheet(thefigure).Theconductorslieinthexyplane,areparallelto
theyaxis,andcarrycurrentinthey\,{\rm{direction}}Therearen
conductorsperunitlengthmeasuredalongthexaxis.

PartA
Whatarethemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldadistanceabelowthecurrentsheet?
ExpressyouranswerintermsofthevariablesI,n,aandappropriateconstants(\mu_0and\pi).
ANSWER:

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B= \large{{\mu}_{0}{\frac{nI}{2}}}

Correct
Typesettingmath:63%

PartB
Whatarethemagnitudeofthemagneticfieldadistanceaabovethecurrentsheet?
ExpressyouranswerintermsofthevariablesI,n,aandappropriateconstants(\mu_0and\pi).
ANSWER:
B= \large{{\mu}_{0}{\frac{nI}{2}}}

Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis97.4%.
Youreceived24.36outofapossibletotalof25points.

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