DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, MIT, MANIPAL

M. TECH. IN Microelectronics
Course Structure (Applicable to 2016-17 admission onwards)
Year

FRIST SEMESTER
Sub Code
MAT 5104

SECOND SEMESTER

Subject Name
Probability, Random Variables & Stochastic Processes

Sub Code

ECE 5221

Subject Name
Low Power VLSI Design

ECE 5121
ECE 5122
ECE 5123
ECE 5124

Advanced Digital VLSI Design

Analog & RF VLSI Design
Processor Architecture and Applications
VLSI Process Technology

4
4
4
4

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

4
4
4
4

ECE 5222
ECE****
ECE****
ECE****

CMOS Mixed Signal Design

Elective I
Elective II
Elective III

4
4
4
4

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

4
4
4
4

HUM 5101
ECE 5131

Research Methodology & Technical Communication

Microelectronics Laboratory I

1
0

0
0

3
6

2
2

*** ****
ECE 5241
ECE 5299

21

24

Open Elective
Microelectronics Laboratory II
Technical Seminar
TOTAL

3
0
0
23

0
0
0
0

0
6
3
9

3
2
1
26

25

25

TOTAL

THIRD AND FOURTH SEMESTER

II

ECE 6099

Project Work
Total

Programme Electives
1. ECE 5232 Analog VLSI for Signal Processing

Open Electives
1. ECE 5233 ARM Processor and Application

2.

ECE 5234 CAD Tools for VLSI

2.

ECE 5272 Nanoelectronics

3.

ECE 5235 Coding Theory

3.

ECE 5248 Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic

4.

ECE 5236 Communication Networks and Protocols

5.

ECE 5237 Cryptography & Network Security

6.

ECE 5238 Data Compression

7.

ECE 5253 Digital Image Processing

8.

ECE 5240 Digital Speech Processing

9.

ECE 5242 Embedded System Design

10. ECE 5243 High Speed Digital Design

11. ECE 5244 Introduction to MEMS Technology
12. ECE 5245 Large Area Micro Electronics
13. ECE 5246 Microwave and Millimeter wave Antenna
14. ECE 5247 Nanophotonics
15. ECE 5249 Nonlinear Fiber Optics
16. ECE 5250 Optical Fiber Communication
17. ECE 5251 Quantum Information Science
18. ECE 5252 Radar Systems
19. ECE 5253 RF Microelectronics Chip Design
20. ECE 5254 Semiconductor Device Physics
21. ECE 5255 Spread Spectrum Communication
22. ECE 5256 System on Chip Design
23. ECE 5257 Time-Frequency & Wavelet Transforms
24. ECE 5258 VLSI Physical Design and Verification
25. ECE 5259 VLSI Testing & Testability

MAT 5104: Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes [4 0 0 4]

Total number of lecture hours 48
Statistical Inference:
Random Sampling, Sampling distributions, Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing, Regression, Correlation and Analysis of
Variance - Examples.
Stochastic Processes :
Static probabilities : review and prerequisites generating functions, difference equations. Dynamic probability : definition and
description with examples. Markov chains, transition probabilities, Chapmen Kolmogrov equations. Classification of states, chains of
Markov process. Stability of Markov systems, limiting behaviour, random walk.
Poisson Processes : assumptions and derivations, related distributions, birth and death processes. Queuing System, general concepts,
Model M/M/1 and M/M/S, steady state behvaour, transient behaviour.
Reference Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Hogg & Craig (1975), Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 4th Edn., MacMillan,
J.Medhi, Stochastic Processes.
A. Papoulis and S.U. Pillai, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, McGraw Hill, 2002.
P. Z. Peebles Jr., Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles, McGraw Hill International Edition, 2001,
Singapore.

ECE - 5121 ADVANCED DIGITAL VLSI DESIGN [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
MOS Transistor theory: Operation and characteristics, Threshold voltage, Body effect, Sub threshold conduction, Channel length
modulation, mobility variation, Tunneling, Drain punch through and Hot electron effect. MOS models, small signal AC
characteristics. CMOS inverter, n/p ratio, noise margin, static load MOS inverters, tri-state inverter. Advantages of CMOS over
NMOS, CMOS/SOI technology, CMOS/Bulk technology, latch up in bulk CMOS and its prevention.
Principles of Digital VLSI Design using CMOS: Principles of circuit design using pass transistors and transmission gates.
Combinational Logic circuit design using CMOS logic. Sequential logic Circuit design using CMOS, Flip Flops, synchronous
sequential circuits and clocked storage elements.
Basic circuit concepts and performance estimation: Introduction, Resistance Estimation Capacitance Estimation and switching
characteristics of CMOS gates. Transistor Sizing, Power dissipation, Sizing Routing Conductors, Design Margins and Reliability.

BiCMOS Logic circuits: Bipolar junction transistor (BJT) structure and operation, Dynamic behavior of BJTs, Basic BiCMOS
Circuits - static Behavior, switching delay in BiCMOS logic circuits and BiCMOS applications.
Dynamic CMOS logic and clocking: Introduction, static CMOS design, Pseudo-NMOS circuits, Domino CMOS structure and design,
Charge sharing, Clocking, clock generation and distribution,
Semiconductor memories: Read only memory (ROM) circuits, Static Read/Write memory (SRAM) circuits and Dynamic Read/Write
memory (DRAM) circuits, Erasable PROMs and flash memories.
Chip input and output (I/O) circuits: ESD protection, Input circuits, Output circuits, L(di/dt) noise and VLSI Packaging technology.
VLSI design methodologies: VLSI design flow, design hierarchy, Concepts of Regularity, Modularity and Locality, VLSI design
styles, Design Quality and Computer Aided Design.
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Neil Weste and K. Eshragian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System Perspective, Pearson Education, 2000.
Jan M, Rabaey, et al, Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective, Prentice Hall, 2003.
Wayne, Wolf, Modern VLSI design: System on Silicon Pearson Education, 2005.
Sung, Mo Kang and Yosuf Leblebici, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design, TMH, 2003
Douglas A Pucknell and Kamran Eshraghian, Basic VLSI Design PHI, 2005.
ECE 5122 ANALOG & RF VLSI DESIGN [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48

Introduction to Analog Design: Design flow, Digital v/s Analog Design, MOS device physics, Long-channel and short-channel
devices, Second-order effects-Channel length modulation, Bulk effect, Low-frequency and high-frequency MOS models in saturation,
MOS SPICE models, Noise in MOS devices, Design issues, Analog Design Octagon, Analog design applications.
Current sources and sinks: simple and cascode current mirror, Widlar current mirror, Wilson Current mirror, sensitivity analysis,
High-performance wide-swing current mirrors.
Active Loads & Voltage & current references.
CMOS Amplifiers: CS, CD, CG with different active loads (diode-connected MOS load, current source/sink load, ideal current load
etc) considering second-order effects, voltage gain, input and output impedances, Miller effect, frequency response, noise and
distortion analysis, Telescopic and Folded cascode amplifiers, Differential amplifier, Differential and common-mode gain, CMRR,
Cascode differential amplifier, Gilbert cell, Current differential amplifiers.

CMOS Operational Amplifier: Basic two-stage CMOS Op-amp design (with and without buffer), frequency response &
compensation, Operational Transconductance Amplifiers(OTA) , Wide-swing OTA, Folded-cascode OTA, Fully differential Opamp/OTA.
Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), Phase Locked Loops (PLL), dynamics and applications.
Analog Layout considerations: Review of CMOS layout and design rules, CMOS process errors due to lateral diffusion, oxide
encroachement, over etching etc, antenna effect, Layout for resistor and capacitor, Analog layout techniques like interdigitization
,symmetry, common centroid geometry, dummy strip etc, Layout of analog circuits like current mirror, difference amplifier, cascode
amplifier etc
CMOS RF Circuit Design: MOSFET models at RF frequencies, Noise Performance and limitations of devices, Integrated parasitic
elements at high frequencies, overview of RF circuit design: Design issues involved, Design of basic blocks in RF systems like
Mixers, VCOs, RF synthesizers, frequency dividers, RF power amplifier, RF filters.
References:
1Behzad Razavi,Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits,Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002.
2David A.Johns, Ken Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, Johns Wiley & Sons, 2002.
3 R.Jacob Baker, Harry W.Li, David E.Boyce, CMOS circuit design, Layout, and Simulation, IEEE Press, PHI Pvt Ltd, 1998.
4Phillip. E. Allen, and Douglas R. Holberg , CMOS Analog Circuit Design ,Second edition, Oxford University Press,2004.
5 Thomas H.Lee, "Design of CMOS RF Integrated Circuits" Cambridge University, 2004.
ECE 5123 PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE & APPLICATIONS [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48
Processor Datapath and control: Building a Datapath, A simple implementation scheme, A Multicycle Implementation.
Pipelining: Pipelining Basics, Pipeline Hazards, Pipelined Datapath, Pipelined Control, Data Hazards & Forwarding, Data Hazards &
stalls, Branch Hazards, HDL model of a pipeline, Advanced Pipelining, Pentium 4 pipeline.
Memory Hierarchy : Introduction, Basics of Cache,
Measuring & improving Cache Performance, Six Basic cache optimizations, Virtual Memory, Memory Hierarchy Design.
I/O interface: Programmed I/O, Interrupt I/O, DMA
Instruction-Level Parallelism: Concepts & Challenges, Basic Compiler techniques, Branch Prediction, Dynamic Scheduling,
Hardware-Based Speculation, Multiple Issue & Static Scheduling, Advanced Techniques for Instruction Delivery & Speculation, Intel
Pentium 4, Limitations of ILP.
Multiprocessors :Taxonomy of Parallel Architectures, Symmetric Shared-Memory Architectures, Cache Coherence, Basic Schemes for
enforcing Coherence, Snooping Protocols & Directory-Based Coherence, Vector processors.
MSP430 Microcontroller Architecture & Applications.

Architecture of Digital Signal Processors: Need for special DSPs, Special features of Digital Signal Processors, finite word length
effects, quantization errors.
Architecture and features of floating point processors (TI 6X, families).
DSP development tools - introduction to ccs studio & Simulink.
Applications using Digital Signal Processors: Digital filtering, Speech and image processing etc.
References :
1. David A.Patterson & John L.Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design-The Hardware/Software Interface, Third Edition,
Elsevier, 2005
2. John L.Hennessy and David A.Patterson, Computer Architecture-A Quantitative Approach, Fourth Edition, Elsevier,2007
3. Phil Lapsley, DSP Processor Fundamentals, IEEE Press, 1997
4. Sen M. Kuo, Woon-Seng Gan Digital Signal Processors, Pearson, 2005
ECE 5124

VLSI PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

[4 0 0 4]

Total number of Lectures: 48

Material Properties: Physical properties, Crystal structure, Miller indices, Packing Density, Defects, Dislocation.
Crystal Growth: Silicon Crystal Growth - Czochralski and Float Zone Technique, Distribution of dopants, Segregation/Distribution
coefficient.
Silicon Oxidation: Thermal Oxidation process- Kinetics of Growth, Deal-Grove Model, Impurity Distribution, Masking properties
Photolithography: Photo resists, Lift Off technique, Optical Lithography, Next generation lithography
Diffusion: Basic diffusion process- Ficks first and second law, Pre-deposition and drive-in diffusion, Diffusion profile for various
dopants, Lateral Diffusion.
Ion Implantation: Range, straggle, ion stopping, ion Channeling, RTA
Etching: Wet and dry etching- Plasma fundamentals
Film Deposition: PECVD, and Epitaxy
Metallization: evaporation and sputtering
Realizing resistor, capacitor, diode, BJT, MOSFET, CMOS structures, Twin Tub process, High-k Dielectrics, elctromigartion. Single
and Double Damascene process.
IC assembly techniques: Dicing, Bonding and Packaging process.
References:
1.S.K. Gandhi, VLSI Fabrication Principles, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1983.
2.S. M. Sze, VLSI Technology, Second Edition, McGraw Hill, 1988.
3.Stephen A. Campbell, The Science & Engineering of Microelectronic Fabrication, Second Edition, Oxford University Press,
2005.
4.Gary S. May and S. M. Sze, Fundamentals of Semiconductor Fabrication, Wiley Student edition, 2004.
5.Douglas A. Pucknell, Kamran Eshraghian, Basic VLSI Design, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, 1994.

HSS-5101 Research Methodology and Technical Presentation [1 0 3 2]

Mechanics of Research Methodology- Types of research, Significance of research, Research framework, Case study method,
Experimental method, Sources of data, Data collection using questionnaire, Interviewing, and experimentation. Research formulationComponents, selection and formulation of a research problem, Objectives of formulation, and Criteria of a good research problem.
Research hypothesis- Criterion for hypothesis construction, Nature of hypothesis, Need for having a working hypothesis,
Characteristics and Types of hypothesis, Procedure for hypothesis testing. Sampling Methods- Introduction to various sampling
methods and their applications. Data Analysis- Sources of data, Collection of data, Measurement and scaling technique, and Different
techniques of Data analysis. Thesis Writing and Journal Publication-Writing thesis, Writing journal and conference papers, IEEE and
Harvard styles of referencing, Effective presentation, Copyrights, and avoiding plagiarism.
References:
Dr Ranjit Kumar, Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, SAGE, 2005.
Geoffrey R. Marczyk, David DeMatteo & David Festinger, Essentials of Research Design and Methodology, John Wiley &
Sons, 2004.
3. John W. Creswel , Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, SAGE, 2004
4. Suresh C. Sinha and Anil K. Dhiman, Research Methodology (2 Vols-Set), Vedam Books, 2006.
5. C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, New Age International Publisher, 2008.
6. Donald R Cooper & Pamela S Schindler, Business Research Methods, McGraw Hill International, 2007.
7. R. Pannershelvam, Research Methodology, Prentice Hall, India, 2006
8. Manfred Max Bergman, Mixed Methods Research, SAGE Books, 2006.
9. Paul S. Gray, John B. Williamson, David A. Karp, John R. Dalphin, The Research Imagination, Cambridge University press,
2007.
10. Cochrain & Cox, Experimental Designs, II Edn. Wiley Publishers, 2006.
1.
2.

ECE-5221

LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Introduction: Need for Low Power VLSI chips, Sources of power dissipation in Digital Integrated circuits. Emerging low power
approaches, Hierarchical Low Power Design Methodologies.
Device & Technology Impact on Low Power: Physics of power dissipation in CMOS devices. Dynamic and static power dissipation,
Transistor sizing & gate oxide thickness. Impact of technology Scaling and Device innovation.
Probabilistic Power Analysis: Random logic signals, probability and frequency, probabilistic power analysis techniques, signal
entropy.
Power estimation, Simulation and Power analysis: SPICE circuit simulators, gate level logic simulation, capacitive power estimation,
static state power, gate level capacitance estimation, architecture level analysis, data correlation analysis in DSP systems, Monte Carlo
simulation.

Circuit level Power reduction techniques: Power consumption in circuits. Design of Flip Flops and Latches. High capacitance nodes,
interconnects and repeaters. Low power digital cell library.
Logic level Power reduction techniques: Gate reorganization, pre-computation logic, signal gating, logic encoding, state machine
encoding, reduction of power in address and data buses.
Low power Architecture and Systems: Power and performance management, switching activity reduction, parallel architecture with
voltage reduction, flow graph transformation, low power arithmetic components, low power memory design.
Low power Clock Distribution: Power dissipation in clock distribution, Single driver versus Distributed buffers, Zero skew versus
Tolerable skew, chip and package co design of clock network.
Algorithm and Architectural level Methodologies: Introduction, design flow, Algorithmic level analysis and optimization, Power
aware software designs, Architectural level estimation and synthesis.
References:
1. Gary K. Yeap, Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design, KAP, 2002.
2. Rabaey, Pedram, Low power design methodologies Kluwer Academic, 1997.
3. Kaushik Roy, Sharat Prasad, Low Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design Wiley, 2000.
4. Kiat, Samir S, Rofail-Seng Yeo, Wang-Ling Goh, CMOS/BiCMOS ULSI Low
Voltage Low Power, Pearson, 2002.

ECE 5222 CMOS MIXED SIGNAL DESIGN [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Introduction to Mixed-Signal Design (MSD): Continuous-time and sampled-data signal processing, Issues in mixed-signaldesign,noise immunity,harmonic distortion,Electro migration. Basic building blocks: data converters, transconductors, transresistors,
integrators, current scaling amplifier.
Non-linear Analog Circuits: CMOS voltage comparator, Source follower, Adaptive Biasing, CMOS Analog multipliers
Dynamic Analog Circuits: Transmission gate, Charge injection, Capacitive feedthrough, kT/C noise, Sample and Hold(S/H) circuits
Discrete-time Filters: Basic building blocks- fully-differential Op-amp, capacitors, switches, Non-overlapping clocks, Switchedcapacitor (SC) circuits, parasitic-insensitive SC integrators, Ladder Filters, Capacitor Layout, Switched-current (SI) based integrators
and filters.
Continuous-time(CT) Filters: OTA-C and gm-C based integrators, differential transconductance amplifier, fully-differential
integrators, high-frequency transconductors, first-order and second-order filters,Ladder filters,Transconductor-C implementation of
Current-mode filter topologies, phase compensation, Q-peaking, Effects of finite BW, Sensitivity, Dynamic range performance
Data Converters: Fundamentals, DAC and ADC specifications,Implementing data-converters: DAC architectures-Current-mode R-2R
Ladder Networks, Current steering DAC, Charge scaling DAC, Layout considerations, Cyclic DAC, Pipeline DAC, ADC
Architectures- Flash ADC, Successive approximation ADC,Data converter SNR, Noise-shaping Data Converters. Oversampling
ADC, Sigma-delta A/D conversion.

Mixed Signal Layout Issues:Power-supply and grounding issues, Fully-differential design, Device matching, Substrate couplingGuard Rings, Shielding from substrate noise, capacitance shielding,switching noise and grounding of mixed-mode circuits, and ESD
Protection for current-mode circuits ,sensor interfaces,VLSI interconnects
References:
1. R. Jacob Baker, CMOS: Mixed-Signal Circuit Design, volume II, Wiley, 2002.
2. Rudy van de Plassche, CMOS Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog
Converters, Springer, 2003.
3.P.V.Anand Mohan, Current-mode VLSI Analog Filters: Design and Applications,Birkhauser,
2003.
4. T Deliyanis, Y Sun and J K Fidler, Continuous-Time Active Filter Design, CRC Press,
1999.
5. R.Jacob Baker, Harry W.Li, David E.Boyce, CMOS circuit design, Layout, and Simulation,
IEEE Press, PHI,1998.

ECE - 5250 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Eigenvalue equation and its solution for planar waveguides. Modes supported by a planar waveguide. Power associated with modes,
weakly guiding approximation, birefringence.
Derivation of eigenvalue equation for step index fibers and its solution. Modes in an optical fiber. Linearly polarized modes and
weakly guiding approximation. Birefringnece in optical fibers
Losses in optical fibers due to absorption and scattering. Signal distortion due to dispersion. Intermodal and intramodal dispersion.
Material and waveguide dispersion. Polarization mode dispersion. Dispersion compensation techniques.
Theory of optical amplification. Energy levels in EDFA. Pump threshold condition. Applications of EDFA.
Review of semiconductor theory. Semiconductor sources and detectors for optical fiber communication, Introduction to Quantum
well structures.

Optical power coupling into fibers. Fiber splicing and connectors. Link power and rise time budgeting. Analog and digital fiber optic
communication system analysis. WDM systems and components. Impacts of fiber nonlinearities on fiber optic communication
system.
Attenuation and dispersion measurements in an optical fiber. OTDR. Concept of RMS pulse and spectral width.

References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communication, McGraw Hill, 2010.

M. Sathish Kumar, Fundamentals of Optical Fiber Communication, Prentice Hall of India, 2009.
J. Senior and M. Y. Jamro, Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice, Pearson, 2009.
A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Introduction to Fiber Optics, Cambridge University Press, 1998
A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, Oxford University Press, 2007

ECE 5246 MICROWAVE & MILLIMETER ANTENNAS [4-0-0-4]

Total Number of lecture hours: 48
Types of pure mode horns, design of pyramidal horns, wide band range loaded horns, multi mode horns, corrugated and their radiation
characteristics.
Analysis and radiation characteristics of symmetrical paraboloidal reflector antennas; Different types of dual reflector antennas and
their characteristics, offset reflector antennas.
Basic lens antenna operation, lens shape design.
Basic configuration and advantages, radiation mechanism, Basic characteristics, feeding techniques, Broad-banding techniques,
phased arrays, conformal Microstrip antennas, future developments.
Periodic dielectric antennas, leaky wave antennas, tapered slot antennas, printed circuit antennas.
Introduction to active integrated antennas, active devices and passive elements, quasi optical systems, spatial power combining
oscillator and amplifier, active antenna characteristics and measurements.
Beam forming antennas, satellite antennas, antennas for medical applications, antenna for radiometry and remote sensing.
Outdoor and compact range measurement arrangements, anechoic chamber, pattern measurement, gain measurement, polarization
measurement.
References:
1. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, John Wiley and Sons. Inc., 2010
2. John Kraus, Antenna and wave Propagation, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010
3. Warren L. Stutzman, Gary A. Thiele, Antennas Theory and Design, John Wiley and sons, 2009
4. P. S. Neelakanta and R. Chatterjee, Antennas for Information Super Skyways-An Exposition to Outdoor and Indoor Wireless
Antennas, Prentice Hall of India, 2008
ECE - 5252

RADAR SYSTEMS

[4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Introduction to Radar Systems Radar block diagram, Radar Equation, Target echo information extraction, Integration of Radar
Pulses, Pulse Repetition Frequency and Range Ambiguities, General Radar range equation, Beacon and Repeater equations.
Radar transmitters- high power transmitting devices, Receivers- special design considerations, low noise receivers, Duplexer,
Indicators and Displays.
Radar Antennas- Forms of antennas, side lobe suppression techniques, Electronically Steered Phased Array Antennas.
Tracking Radar - Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking Radar Amplitude Comparison
Monopulse (one- and two- coordinates), Phase Comparison Monopulse. Target Reflection Characteristics and Angular Accuracy.
Tracking in Range, Acquisition and Scanning Patterns.
Detection of radar signals in noise- Matched filter receiver, correlation detection, detection criteria, Noyman-Pearson observer.
Detection characteristics. Envelop detector, optimum detector low logarithmic detector, zero crossing detector, coherent detector,
Automatic detection - CFAR Receiver, Cell Averaging CFAR Receiver, CFAR uses in Radar.
Extraction of information from radar signals - Phase and amplitude measurements, statistical estimation of parameters, likelihood
function, theoretical accuracy of range and Doppler, velocity measurements, uncertainty relation, angular accuracy, transmitted
waveforms, ambiguity diagram, pulse compression, clutter. Digital signal processing of radar signals, digital matched filters for radar
signals, Doppler processing to combat clutter problems.
High Resolution Radar-Synthetic Aperture Radar, Bistatic Radar, comparison of bistatic and monostatic radar, Fundamentals of
bistatic synthetic aperture Radar(BSAR).
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

M.I.Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill, 2003.

Peyton Z. Peebles Jr., Radar Principles, John Wiley, 2004.
Edde Byron, Radar: Principles, Technology, Applications, Prentice- Hall
David Barton , Radar system analyses and Modeling, Artech house, 2005.
Moccia Antonio, Bistatic radar emerging technology, John Wiley, 2008.

ECE - 5238

DATA COMPRESSION

education ,2004.

[4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Compression techniques, modeling and coding. Introduction to information theory, models, coding

Algorithm, Adaptive Huffman coding, Golomb codes, Rice codes, Tunstall codes Coding sequence, generating a binary code,
comparison of Huffman and Arithmetic coding, Applications
Static dictionary, adaptive dictionary, applications.
Prediction with partial match, the Burrows-Wheeler transform, CALIC, JPEG-LS, multi resolution approaches, Facsimile encoding,
dynamic Markov compression.
Information theory revised, Distortion criteria, models
The quantisation problem, uniform quantizer, adaptive quantizer, non uniform quantizer, entropy-coded quantization
Advantages, the Linde-Buzo-Gray algorithm, tree-structured vector quantizers, structured vector quantizers, variations on the theme,
Trellis-coded quantization.
Algorithm, prediction in DPCM, adaptive DPCM, Delta modulation, speech coding
Vector spaces, Fourier series, Fourier Transforms, Sampling, DFT, Z-transform.
The Transform, types, quantization and coding of transform coefficients, Applications to image compression and audio compression

Filters, the basic sub band coding algorithms, bit allocation, application to speech coding and audio coding, Application to image
compression
Wavelets, multi resolution analysis and the scaling function, implementation using filters, image compression, JPEG 2000

References:
1. Khalid Sayood, Introduction to Data Compression," Addison Wesley. 2000.
2.
Jayanth,
Peter,
Noll,
Digital
Coding
&
Waveforms,
Prentice
Hall,
1984.
3. David Salomon, "Data Compression," 2nd Edn., Springer,2000.
4. Toby Berger, "Rate Distortion Theory: A Mathematical Basis for Data Compression,"Prentice Hall, 1971.
5. Thomas M. Cover, Joy A. Thomas, "Elements of Information Theory", John
Wiley & Sons, Inc,1991.
6. Ali N. Akansu, Richard A. Haddad, "Multi resolution signal decomposition: Transforms, Subbands and Wavelets," Academic Press,
1992.
ECE 5234 CAD TOOLS FOR VLSI [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48

Semiconductor device fabrication techniques-NMOS, PMOS and CMOS. Stick diagram and Design rules for MOS Circuits. PLA
circuit implementation. Semiconductor TCAD Tool-SILVACO.
Basic of Graph Theory- Types of graph.Graph optimization problems and Algorithms.
Introduction to PLDs, Types, Boolean logic implementation, Classification of FPGA, Switching technology.
Cell-library binding-Subject graph, Pattern Graph and simple library design. Tree based covering using Dynamic programming and
using Automata.Look-up table and Anti-fuse based FPGAs.
State diagram, state flow sequencing graph, Architectural synthesis:- strategies for architectural optimizations, Area/Latency,Cycletime/Latency and Cycle-time/Area optimizations.
Model for scheduling problems, scheduling with resource and without resource constraints.
Two level combinational logic synthesis and optimization- Exact and Heuristic method, Sequential logic Optimization.
Fault simulation techniques, automatic test pattern generation method (ATPG), Fault collapsing Technique, design for testability
(DFT) techniques.

References:
1.Pucknell D.A., Eshraghian K. , Basic VLSI design, PHI publication, New Delhi,2004.
2.Giovanni De Michelli , Synthesis and Optimisation of Digital Circuits, Tata-McGraw Hill, New Delhi,1994.
3.Gary D. Hachtel, Fabio Somenzi , Logic Synthesis and Verification Algorithm, Kluwer Academic Publication, Boston,2002.
4. A.Anand Kumar, Switching Theory and Logic Design, PHI publication, New Delhi, 2009.
5. M.J.S.Smith , Application Specific ICs, Addison Wesley,1997.
6. Charles Roth and Lizy John, Principles of Digital System Design, Cengage Learning ,2009.
.
ECE -5243 HIGH SPEED DIGITAL DESIGN [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture Hours: 48
Introduction to high speed digital design: Frequency, time and distance issues in digital VLSI design. Capacitance and inductance
effects, high speed properties of logic gates, speed and power. Modeling of wires, geometry and electrical properties of wires,
Electrical models of wires, transmission lines, lossless LC transmission lines, lossy RLC transmission lines and special transmission
lines.

Power distribution and Noise: Power supply network, local power regulation, IR drops, area bonding. On-chip bypass capacitors and
symbiotic bypass capacitors. Power supply isolation. Noise sources in digital systems, power supply noise, crosstalk and inter symbol
interference.
Signaling convention and circuits: Signaling modes for transmission lines, signaling over lumped transmission media, signaling over
RC interconnect, driving lossy LC lines, simultaneous bi-directional signaling terminations, transmitter and receiver circuits.
Terminations and vias: Types of terminations. AC biasing for end terminations, resistor selection, crosstalk in terminators, properties
of vias, capacitance of vias, inductance of vias, return current and its relation to vias.
Timing convention and synchronisation: Timing fundamentals, timing properties of clocked storage elements, signals and events, open
loop timing, level sensitive clocking, pipeline timing, closed loop timing, clock distribution, synchronization failure and metastability, clock distribution, clock skew and methods to reduce clock skew, controlling crosstalk in clock lines, delay adjustments,
clock oscillators and clock jitter - PLL and DLL based clock aligners.
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.

William S. Dally & John W. Poulton, Digital Systems Engineering, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Howard Johnson & Martin Graham, High Speed Digital Design: A Handbook of Black Magic, Prentice Hall PTR, 1993.
Masakazu Shoji, High Speed Digital Circuits, Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1996.
Jan M, Rabaey, et al, Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective, Pearson, 2003.

ECE 5257 TIME-FREQUENCY AN WAVELET TRANSFORMS [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Time-frequency analysis and wavelet transforms. Stationary and non-stationary signals. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT). Need
for Wavelet transform.
Multi-resolution analysis and Continuous Wavelet Transform (Qualitative treatment)
Two-channel filter bank and analysis,Quadrature mirror filters and conjugate quadrture filters, Haar transforms. Daubechies fourcoefficient wavelet. Sampling.
Continuous wavelet transform: Energy spectrum of a wavelet, energy of Mexican hat wavelet, wavelet manipulations, Relation
between scale and (pseudo) frequency, CWT coefficients, Identification of coherent structures, edge detection, Wavelet transform of
an intermittent signal, fractal signals, Inverse wavelet transform, Signal energy, wavelet based energy, and power spectra. Wavelet

transform in terms of Fourier transform, Short time Fourier transform and Heisenberg boxes. Spectrogram, Wavelet transforms in two
or more dimensions.
Discrete wavelet transform: Frames and orthogonal wavelet bases, dyadic grid scaling and orthonormal wavelet transforms, Scaling
function and multiresolution representation. Scaling equation, scaling coefficients and associated wavelet equation, Haar wavelet,
Coefficients from coefficients : fast wavelet transform, Discerete input signals of finite length,Multi-resolution algorithm
Designing orthogonal wavelet systems: Refinement relation for orthogonal wavelet systems, restrictions on filter coefficients.
Designing Daubechies orthogonal wavelet system wavelets
Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and relation to filter banks: Signal decomposition (analysis), relation with filter banks, Frequency
response, signal reconstruction, upsampling and filtering, perfect matching filters.

Generating and plotting of parametric wavelets, Orthogonality conditions and parameterization, polyphase matrix
and recurrence relation. Precise numerical evaluation of and , cascade algorithm, Biorthogonal wavelets
Applications of Wavelet transform.
References:
1. P. S Addison, The illustrated Wavelet transform Handbook, Institute of Physics Publishing, 2002.
2. C S Burrus, A Gopinath, and Haitao Guo, Introduction to wavelets and wavelet transforms, Prentice-Hall, 1998.
3. K P Soman and K. I. Ramachandran, Insight into Wavelets from theory to practice, Prentice-Hall of India, 2005.
ECE 5254

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE PHYSICS [ 4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours:48

Basic physics: Review of quantum mechanics:- Electrons in periodic lattices, E-k diagrams, Quasi particles in semiconductors,
electrons, holes and phonons ,Wave particle Duality, Schrdinger Wave equation,Crystalline Solids and Energy Bands: - Bonding of
atoms, crystalline state, Lattice Vibrations, Phonons, Energy band of Metal and Insulator.
Fundamentals of semiconductors: Semiconductor Materials and their properties, Semi conducting Materials, Energy Band Model,
Fermi level and energy distribution of carriers inside the energy bands, temperature dependence of carrier concentrations.
Carrier Transport in Semiconductors: - Boltzmann transport equation and solution in the presence of low electric and magnetic fields mobility and diffusivity; Carrier statistics; Continuity equation, Poisson's equation and their solution, trap rate, Finite difference
formulation of these
equations
in
1D, High field effects: velocity saturation, hot carriers and avalanche breakdown,
Physical/empirical models of semiconductor parameters-mobility, lifetime, band gap.
Junction and interfaces: PN junction:- Description of p-n junctions , Abrupt junction , Linearly graded junction, Diffused junction , IV characteristic of diode in forward and reversed biased condition, Schottky barrier diode , Ohmic contacts, Heterojunctions.

MOS Transistors:- Semiconductor Surfaces , C-V characteristic of the MOS capacitors , Effects of oxide charges, defects and
interface states; Characterization of MOS capacitors, I-V characteristic of MOSFET , Short-Channel effects , MOSFET structures ,
Charge Coupled Devices, Semiconductor devices:- Tunnel Diode , Solar cell , Photo detectors , Light Emitting Diodes ,
Semiconductor Lasers.
Semiconductor measurements: Conductivity type, Resistivity, Hall Effect Measurements, Drift Mobility, Minority Carrier Lifetime,
Diffusion Length, CVs for dopant profile characterization; Capacitance transients and DLTS.
References:
1. M.S.Tyagi , Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Devices , John Wiley and Sons , 2004.
2. S. Selberherr, Analysis and Simulation of Semiconductor Devices, Springer-Verlag, 1984.
3. J. P. McKelvey, Introduction to Solid State and Semiconductor Physics, Harper and Row and John Weathe Hill, 1966.
4.D.K. Schroder, Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization, John Wiley, 1990.
5. S. M. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices,John Wiley, 1981.
6. C. T. Sah, Fundamentals of Solid-State Electronic Devices, Allied Publishers and World Scientific, 1991.
7. Physics of Semiconductor devices. , M. Shur, PHI, 2008.
ECE-5256 SYSTEM ON CHIP DESIGN [4-0-0-4]
Total number of Hours: 48
Introduction to Processor Design, Processor architecture and organization, Abstraction in hardware design, Processor design tradeoffs, Design for low power consumption, Architecture for low power.
Subsystem design principles- pipelining, Data paths, Combinational shifters, Adders, ALUs, Multipliers, High density memory,
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, Programmable Logic Arrays.
Pipeline ARM organization, ARM instruction execution, ARM implementation, Development tools, Architectural Support for
System Development, The ARM memory interface, The Advanced Micro controller Bus Architecture (AMBA), The ARM reference
peripheral specification, Hardware system prototyping tools, The ARMulator, The JTAG boundary scan test architecture , The ARM
debug architecture, ARM Processor Cores, ARM CPU cores, Intellectual property design, Memory Hierarchy, Memory size and
speed, On-Chip memory, Caches and design, Memory management.
Floor planning, Floor planning methods, Off- chip connections, Architecture Design, Register Transfer Design, High level
synthesis, System on chips Embedded CPUs, Architecture Testing, Chip design, Design Methodologies, Microprocessor Data path,
Hardware/ Software Co Design
References:
1. Steve Furber ARM System-on- Chip Architecture, Second Edition , Pearson,2000
2. Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI Design , System on- Chip Design, Pearson, 2005
3.F.Balarin, Hardware-software co-design of embedded systems , Kluwer academic publishers, 1997
ECE 5255 SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48

Review of digital communication concepts, direct sequence and frequency hop spread spectrum systems. Hybrid direct
sequence/frequency hop spread spectrum. Complex envelop representation of spread spectrum signals.
Sequence generator fundamentals, Maximum length sequences. Gold and Kasami codes, Nonlinear Code generators.
Spread spectrum communication system model, Performance of spread spectrum signals in jamming environments, Performance of
spread spectrum communication systems with and without forward error correction.
Diversity reception in fading channels, Cellular radio concept, CDMA cellular systems. Examples of CDMA cellular systems.
Multicarrier CDMA systems. CDMA standards.
References:
1. R. L. Peterson, R. E. Zeimer and D. E. Borth, Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications, Pearson, 1995.
2. J. D. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communication, McGraw Hill, 2008.
3. A. J. Viterbi, CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications, Addision Wesley, 1995.
4. S. Verdu, Multiuser Detection, Cambridge University Press, 1998
ECE 5249 NONLINEAR FIBER OPTICS [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48
Physical origin of nonlinear optical effects in crystals. Review of fiber modes, Pulse propagation through optical fibers. Nonlinear
Schroedinger equation.
Group velocity dispersion. Different propagation regimes, Dispersion induced pulse broadening. Third order dispersion, Dispersion
management. Self phase modulation. SPM induced spectral broadening, Effect of group velocity dispersion. Higher order nonlinear
effects. Optical Solitons, modulation instability, fiber solitons.
Nonlinear birefringence, Nonlinear phase shift. Cross phase modulation. XPM induced nonlinear coupling. XPM induced modulation
instability. Applications of XPM.
Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering, Quasi continuous SRS and SBS, SRS with short pump pulses, Dynamic aspects, SBS
applications.
Parametric processes, Origin and theory of FWM, Phase matching techniques, parametric amplification. FWM applications, Second
harmonic generation.
References:
1. G. P. Agarwal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Academic Press, 2007.
2. A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, Oxford University Press, 2007
3. G. P. Agarwal, Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Academic Press 2008.
4. R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, Academic Press 2008
ECE-5235

CODING THEORY

[4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48

Information and Entropy: Sources of information, DMS and Markov. Properties of Entropy.
Extension of a DMS.

Entropy of information sources,

Information channels, probability relations in a channel, A Priori, A Posteriori Entropies, Equivocation, Mutual information, Capacity
of BSC, BEC, Noiseless and deterministic channels.
Source coding: Uniquely decodable codes, Instantaneous codes and its construction, Average length of a code, Bounds for Average
Length, Kraft's Inequality. R-ary compact codes. Code efficiency, Redundancy. Shannon-Fano and Huffman code
Algebra: Groups, rings and fields, properties of finite fields, Galois field arithmetic and its realization, Vector spaces, Matrices.
Channel Coding: Block codes, Minimum distance of a block code, Singleton bound. Performance of Codes. Hamming codes. Cyclic
codes, Golay Codes BCH codes, R-S codes. Convolutional codes. Viterbi Algorithm. LDPC Codes.
References:
1. S. Lin and D. J. Costello Jr, Error Control Coding, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.
2. T. K. Moon, Error Correction Coding: Mathematical Methods And Algorithms, Student Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
3. R. M. Roth, Introduction to Coding Theory, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
4. F. MacWilliams and N. Sloane, The Theory of Error-Correcting Codes. North-Holland, 1988.
5. S. B. Wicker, Error Control Systems for Digital Communication and Storage, Prentice-Hall, 1995.
6. Hamming, Richard Wesley, Coding and Information Theory Prentice Hall International, 1980.
.

ECE-5240 DIGITAL SPEECH PROCESSING [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Anatomy and Physiology of speech production, Categorization of speech sounds, Acoustic theory of speech production, Uniform
lossless tube model, Effects of losses in the vocal tract, Digital models for speech signals.
Time-dependent processing of speech, Short time energy and Average magnitude, Short time average zero-crossing rate, Speech Vs
Silence Discrimination using Energy and Zero crossings, Short time Auto-correlation function, Pitch period estimation using Autocorrelation function.
Short Time Fourier Transform Analysis, Spectrographic Displays, Linear Predictive Coding of speech signals, Pitch detection and
Formants analysis using LPC.
Speech redundancies, Measure to evaluate Speech quality. Waveform Coding, differential PCM, LPC vocoders. Frequency Domain
Coders, analysis by Synthesis, Phase, Channel, and Homomorphic Vocoders.
Principles of Speech Synthesis, LPC synthesis, Unrestricted Text to Speech systems.
Feature Extraction: LPC, Cepstral Coefficients, MFCC, Pattern Matching by Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Hidden Markov
Models (HMM), Artificial Neural Networks for speech recognition.
References:

1. Rabiner L.R and Schaffer R.W, Digital Processing of Speech Signals, Prentice Hall, NJ, 2007.
2. Thomas F. Quatieri, Discrete-time Speech Signal ProcessingPrinciples and Practice, Pearson Education Inc, 2004.
3. Douglas O' Shaughnessy, Speech Communications: Human and Machine Reading, Addison-Wesley. 1987.
4. Deller J.R, Proakis G.J and Hansen J.H.L, Discrete Time Processing of Speech Signals, IEEE Press. 2000.
5. Rabiner L.R and Jaung, Fundamentals of Speech Recognition, Prentice Hall. 1993.

ECE 5259 VLSI TESTING & TESTABILITY [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Introduction to testing and testability: Need for testing, digital and analog testing, Controllability and observability, Design-for-test
(DFT), Test process and ATE, Test economics.
Fault modeling: Introduction to faults in digital circuits, Fault models - Stuck-at faults, Bridging faults, Iddq faults, delay faults,
intermittent faults.
Testing of combinational circuits: Various types of faults. Functional v/s structural approach to testing, test vector generation for a
single stuck-at-fault in combinational logic, Algebraic algorithms :Boolean difference method. Structural algorithms: D-algorithm,
FAN, PODEM algorithm, SOCRATES, Recursive learning. Pseudorandom test pattern generation.
Test optimization and fault coverage
Testability Techniques: Need for enhancing controllability and observability through the addition of DFT hardware, partitioning,
adhoc and structured approaches to DFT, various scan design approaches, scan-path testing, Boundary scan.
Testing of sequential circuits: Test pattern generation for sequential circuits, Exhaustive, non-exhaustive and pseudorandom test
pattern generation, Delay fault testing.
Signatures and self test: Testing with random patterns. LFSRs, random test generation and response compression, Built-in self test
(BSIT), Input compression Output compression Arithmetic, Reed-Muller and spectral coefficients, Coefficient test signatures,
Signature analysis and Online self test.
Analog testing: DSP based analog test and model based analog test. Testing techniques for Filters, A/D Converters.
References:

1
2
3
4
5
6

M. Abramovici, M. A. Breuer, and A.D. Friedman, "Digital Systems Testing and Testable Design", Piscataway, New Jersey:
IEEE Press, 1994.
M. L. Bushnell and V. D. Agrawal, "Essentials of testing for digital, memory and mixed-signal VLSI circuits", Boston: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 2000.
Miczo, "Digital Logic Testing and simulation". New York: Harper & Row, 1986.
Krstic and K-T Cheng, "Delay Fault Testing for VLSI Circuits", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
P.K. Lala, "Fault Tolerant & Fault Testable hardware Design", BS Publications, 1998
Stanley L. Hurst, VLSI Testing: digital and mixed analogue digital techniques Pub:Inspec/IEE, 1999.

ECE-5242

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN [4-0-0-4]

Total number of Hours: 48
Classification and major application areas of embedded System, design issues, characteristics and quality attributes, design cycle in
the development phase, and Embedded Product Development Life Cycle.
Design using 8 bit microcontrollers, Hardware-Software Co-design and program modeling, fundamental issues and computational
models, hardware software trade-offs.
Integrated Development Environment, Compilers, Simulators, Emulators, Debugging.
Real Time Operating System: Types of operating systems, Tasks, Process and Threads. Semaphores and shared Data, task scheduling,
multiprocessing and multitasking, Operating system Services -Message queues-Timer Function-Events-Memory Management, device
drivers, design Using RTOS.
Networks for Embedded Systems: I2C, CAN, SHARC, Ethernet, Myrinet, Internet.
Introduction to Blue tooth: Specification, Core Protocol, Cable replacement protocol, IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG).
Testability: Boundary Scan Architecture.
Processor trends in embedded system, development language trends. Overview of PIC and AVR family of microcontrollers and ARM
processors.
References:
1. Raj Kamal , Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming and Design, TMH, Second edition, 2008

2.
3.
4.
5.

K.J. Ayala,Dhananjay V. Gadre The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems, CENGAGE Learning,2010
Shibu K.V, Introduction to Embedded sytems, McGraw Hill, 2009
Sam Siewert, Real time embedded systems and components, CENGAGE Learning,2007
Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis Embedded Systems, Wiley India Edition, 2002

ECE - 5244

INTRODUCTION TO MEMS TECHNOLOGY

[4 0 0 4]
Total Number of Lectures: 48

Historical Background of MEMS

Bulk Micromachining: Isotropic Etching and Anisotropic Etching, Wafer Bonding, High Aspect-Ratio Processes (LIGA).
Surface Micromachining: Sacrificial layer etching issues, stiction.
Micro cantilevers as test structures, sensors and actuators
Design of MEMS pressure sensors, accelerometer, gyroscope
RF MEMS Devices
Biosensors
MEMS device packaging
References:
1. Stephen D. Senturia, "Microsystem Design", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
2. Marc Madou, Fundamentals of Microfabrication, CRC Press, 1997.
3. H. Bao, Micromechanical Transducers: Pressure sensors, accelerometers, and gyroscopes Elsevier, New York, 2000.
4. Wanjun Wang & Steven A. Soper, Bio-MEMS Technologies and Applications, CRC Press.
5. Gabriel M. Rebeiz, RF MEMS Theory, Design, and Technology, Wiley Inter science.
6. Sergey Y.Yurish & Maria Teresa S.R. Gomes, Smart Sensors and MEMS, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
7. Vijay K. Varadan, K.J. Vinoy & K.A. Jose, RF MEMS and Their Applications, Wiley Eastern.
8. Tai Ran Hsu, MEMS and Microsystems: Design and Manufacture TMH.
9. Nadim Maluf & Kirt Williams, An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering Artech House.

ECE- 5258 VLSI PHYSICAL DESIGN & VERIFICATION [ 3 1 0 4 ]

Total Number of Hours: 48
Types of ASICs, ASIC/FPGA design flow, Programmable ASICs, Programmable ASIC Interconnect, ASIC economics.
Transistor as resistors, Transistor as parasitic capacitance, Logic Effort, library cell design.
FSM
Synthesis,
Timing
Analysis-Static
Timing
Analysis,
Clock
skew analysis and power grid analysis.

tree

Synthesis,

clock

Introduction to Physical design, Physical design cycle, Partitioning, Floor planning, Placement and Routing. Algorithms for
physical design automation. Layout compaction. Case study.

Transmission line effects, Impedance mismatch, cross talk and issues in high speed design.
Verification challenges,
Verification of complex logic design, Verification issues like verification plan, verification methodology, Advanced functional
verification, unified verification methodology.
Timing verification,Hardware design verification, Software design
verification , verification automation, physical verification, Layout planning and verifications

References:
1.
M.J.S.Smith, Application Specific ICs, Pearson, 1997.
2.
Nigel Horspool and Peter Gorman, The ASIC Handbook , Prentice Hall, 2001.
3.
Sabin H. Gerez, Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation, John Wiley & Sons,1999.
4.
Naveed Sherwani, Algorithm for VLSI Physical Design Automation, Kluwer Academic Publishers,1998.
5.
Paul Wilcox, Professional Verification a guide to advanced functional verification, Springer India, 2004.
6.
S. Sait, H. Youssef, VLSI Physical Design Automation: Theory and Practice, World Scientific, 1999.

ECE- 5251

QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE

[4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Finite dimensional vector space, inner-product, complex numbers, linear adjoints, unitary maps, projectors, tensor product of Hilbert
spaces, bit, qubit, entanglement, no-cloning, quantum circuits, quantum gates, Shor's algorithm.
Quantum Fourier transform and phase estimation algorithms, order-finding and factoring, Quantum search algorithms, quantum
counting.
Grover's algorithm, quantum teleportation, quantum key-exchange, Generalized measurements, distance measurements for quantum
information, Teleportation and measurement based quantum computing.
Decoherence, quantum error-correction, Shor code, quantum Hamming bound, Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes, stabilizer codes.
Mixed states, quantum information, Quantum information theory, Holevo theorem, quantum data compression.

References:
1. Gruska, J, Quantum Computing. McGraw-Hill,1999
2. Nielsen, M. and Chuang, I. L, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
ECE-5253 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48
Digital Image fundamentals, Image Acquisition System, Image Sampling and Quantization
Point Processing, Spatial operations, gray level transformation, Histogram Processing, Image enhancement, Smoothing and
sharpening spatial filters. 2D DFT, Cosine and Hadamard Transform, Transform Operations, Smoothing and sharpening using
frequency domain filters, Homomorphic Filtering.
Image Degradation / Restoration Process, noise models and filter types, Geometric Transformation
Color fundamentals, Color Models, Pseudo and Full-Color Image processing, Color Transformations, smoothing & sharpening.
Detection of Discontinuities, Edge Linking and Boundary detection, Boundary extraction, Region based segmentation, Classification
Technique.
Image Compression and standards, Interframe coding Image reconstruction from projection: Radon transform, Back projection
operator, Projection theorem.
Wavelets and its applications in Image Processing.
Image processing applications in Character Recognition, Biomedical Imaging, Remote sensing, Digital Broadcasting and multimedia.
References:
1. R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson, 2008.
2. Anil K Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Pearson, 2001
3 W. K. Pratt, Digital Image Processing, Wiley 2010

ECE - 5236 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS & PROTOCOLS [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Uses of computer networks, types of networks, network hardware, network software, network design issues, network design tools,
ISO-OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference model, examples networks, network standardization. Components of a data
communication Data flow Network criteria Types of Connections: Point to point multipoint; Topologies
Transmission & switching, frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, switch mode, integrated services digital
network (ISDN) ISDN services, evolution of ISDN, ISDN interface, ISDN system architecture, the digital PBX signaling, perspective
on ISDN, terminal handling, applications for global ISDN and future trends.
Introduction, error detection and correction, elementary data link protocol, sliding window protocols, protocol performance, protocol
specification and verification, data link layer. HDLC standard. Types of errors detection versus correction CRC Hardware
implementation - parity check and checksum Hamming code.
Introduction, channel allocation, multiple access protocol, IEEE standards, fibre optic networks, satellite networks. 802.3, 802.4,
802.5.
Introduction, design issues, routing algorithms, congestion control algorithm, internetworking, network layer in internet, internet
control protocols, limitations of IPv4 , Introduction to IPV6 Protocol.
Introduction, the transport services, elements of transport protocols, simple transport protocols, the internet transport protocol TCP and
UDP, performance issues, connection management (Handshaking).
Frame format Advanatges and disadvantages of FDDI, Network Security
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.

William Stallings,Data & Computer communication 6th Edition. Prentice Hall of India, 1996.
Tanenbaum , Computer Networks , 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall of India, 1998.
William Stallings , Local area network , Prentice Hall, 2000.
Gallager ,Data networks Prentice Hall of India,2002.

ECE 5247

NANOPHOTONICS

[4 0 0 4]

Introduction: nanophotonics at a glance. Foundations for nanophtonics , wave equations, dispersion, material models, evanescent
fields. Spatial resolution and position accuracy. The point-spread function; resolution limit; position accuracy

Optics of inhomogeneous medium: Basics; matrix formulation; 1-D periodic structures and introduction to forbidden bands. Photonic
crystal (PhC), theoretical modelling of photonic crystals Features of photonic crystals; phase, group and energy velocity; defect mode
Near-field interaction and microscopy, near-field optics and theoretical modelling of near-field nanoscopic interactions, near-field
microscopy.
Plasmonics: Plasmonic fundamentals and sensors, local field enhancement, Plasmonic waveguiding Super-resolution imaging
Metamaterials
References
1. L. Novotny and B. Hecht, Principles of Nano-optics (Cambridge, 2006).
2. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light (Cambridge, 1999)
3. M. Fox, Optical Properties of Solids (Oxford, 2001).
4. S. A. Maier, Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications (Springer, 2007)

5. John D. Joannopoulos, Steven G. Johnson, Joshua N. Winn, and Robert D. Meade, Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light
(Princeton University Press, 2008)
8. P. N. Prasad, Nanophotonics (John Wiley &Sons, 2004).

ECE - 5237 CRYPTOGRAPHY & NETWORK SECURITY [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Security trends, The OSI security architecture, security attacks, services and mechanism, model for network security.
Classical encryption techniques, Block cipher and data encryption standard, finite field, advanced encryption standard, string ciphers,
confidentiality using symmetric encryption.
Public key encryption, Chinese reminder theorem, RSA algorithm, Key management, Elliptic curve cryptography, Message
authentication and hash functions, Digital signatures and authentication protocol.
Authentication applications, Electronic mail security, IP security, WEB security, System security, intruders, malicious software
firewalls.
References:
1. William Stalling ,`Cryptography and Network Security` , Pearson Education, 2010.
2. Forouzan and Mukhopadhyay , `Cryptography and Network security`, TMH, 2007.
3. Bernard Menezes, `Network Security and Cryptography`, Cengage Learning 2010.
4. Neal Krawetz, `Introduction to Network Security`, Thomson, Delmar Learning 2007.
5. Randall K Nichols, Panos C Lekkas, `Wireless Security- Models, Threats and Solutions` TMH, 2007

ECE 5245

LARGE AREA MICRO-ELECTRONICS

Total number of lecture hours:48

[4-0-0-4]

Introduction, Growth of amorphous and micro /nano crystalline hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) and its alloys, doping in amorphous
semiconductors, defect densities, electron transport , optoelectronic properties , contact, interfaces, multilayers
P-I-N devices, Thin film transistors, LEDs, Memory Switches, Novel Processing Technology for Macroelectronics, Amorphous
silicon Solar cells, TFT based LCD displays, Passive and Active Matrix displays , Photoreceptors, Large Area Image Sensor Arrays,
Image pick up tubes, High energy Radiation imaging, Multilayer Color Detectors, Thin Film Position Sensitive Detectors.
Introduction to organic semiconductors, structure and properties, device configurations, Applications: Optoelectronics devices ,Solar
cells, Photodiodes, LEDs ,Active Matrix displays , Organic Thin film transistors, Device structure and characteristics , Circuit systems
based on organic devices, Organic Lasers.
Displays - LCD, Plasma, Electroluminescent, Electrophoretic (Electronic paper), and Field emission displays.
Introduction to Flexible Electronics.
References:
1. R.A.Street, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon, Cambridge University Press,1991.
2. Robert A. Street , Technology and Applications of Amorphous Silicon,. Springer-Verlag New York, LLC Series: Series in
Materials Science, 2004.
3. A.Madan & M.P.Shaw , The Physics and Technology of Amorphous silicon, Elsevier Science & Technology books,1988.
4. Richard Zallen, The Physics of Amorphous solids, Wiley,1998.
5.Tim.M.Searle, Properties of Amorphous Silicon and Its Alloys, IEEE Publication,1988.
6. "Macroelectronics Large area and Flexible Electronics Special Issue, MRS Bulletin, USA Vol. 31, June 2006.
ECE- 5253 RF MICROELECTRONICS CHIP DESIGN [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48
Introduction to RF design: Frequency spectrum, RF design, complexity and choice of technology, application areas, RF design issues:
nonlinearity, selectivity, sensitivity, and dynamic range, impedance matching ,insertion loss, noise, distortion.
Basic RF modules: Review of basic blocks like amplifier, modulator /demodulator, mixer, filter, isolator, RF oscillators, coupler,
phase shifters, tuner etc
Passive RF components: RF behavior of passive components, High Frequency Resistors, High Frequency Capacitors, High frequency
inductors, chip components, surface mount inductors
Active RF components: RF diodes, BJT and RF Field-Effect Transistors, diode models-transistor models, BJT and MOSFET behavior
at RF frequencies, measurement of active devices-scattering parameter device characterization.

RF transistor amplifier design: characteristics of amplifiers, classes of operation and biasing networks, amplifier power relations,
stability considerations, constant gain, unilateral and bilateral design, broad-band, high power, and multi-stage amplifiers, low noise
amplifiers(LNA) impedance matching using discrete components, microstrip line matching networks.
RF Filter Design : basic resonator and filter configurations, filter Types: LP, HP, BP and BS filters, insertion loss, special filter
realizations-butterworth-type and chebyshev-type filters, denormalization, filter implementation: passive and active LC ladder filters,
Design of CMOS RF biquadratic filters, RF filters using OTA, design issues in integrated RF filters, microstip filter, coupled filter.
Other complex RF blocks: RF oscillators-basic topologies, voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), quadrature and single sideband
generators, design of mixers at GHz frequency range, various mixers-working and implementation. RF modulation and detector
design, RF synthesizers- PLLS, various architectures and frequency dividers, mobile RF communication, down conversion blocksheterodyne and homodyne, RF receiver and transmitter architectures.
References:
1. Thomas H. Lee Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits Cambridge University press, 2003.
2. Behzad Razavi RF Microelectronics, Prentice Hall, 1998.
3. W. Alan Davis, Krishna K. Agarwal , Radio Frequency Circuit Design,John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2001.
4. Cotter W. Sayre, Complete Wireless Design, McGraw-Hill, 2008.
5John M. W. Rogers, John W. M. Rogers, Calvin Plett, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design, Artech House
Publishers,2010.
ECE-5232 ANALOG VLSI FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING

[4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Introduction to Analog Signal Processing (ASP): Sampled data signal processing, switched current filtering, Continuous-time signal
processing, merits and demerits. signal conditioning, signal normalization, Anti-aliasing filter
Current trends: Current-mode signal processing (CMSP), Low-power/Low-voltage signal processing, nonlinear signal processing for
audio and biomedical applications, log-domain signal processing.
Introduction to Current-mode signal processing: Current-mode versus voltage-mode, Active elements for CMSP like Operational
transconductance amplifier(OTA), current conveyor(CC), current feedback Op-amp(CFOA),Current-mode circuits: current
integrators, current amplifier, current normaliser, current-mode Winner-Take-All(WTA) circuits, current correlator, current bump
circuits.
VLSI implementation of analog signal processing circuits: programmable transconductors, high-frequency CMOS transconductors,
low-voltage low-freqency transconductors for biomedical applications. Active-RC, switched-capacitor (SC), and continuous-time
(CT) integrated filters, Cascade design, Element substitution method, Operational Simulation method.

Applications: High-frequency analog signal processing circuits for GSM, Analog signal processor for RF ID applications, Continuoustime (CT) integrated filter for video frequency applications, Analog VLSI implementation of artificial neural networks (ANN),
auditory and vision signal processing, current-mode transmitters, current-mode receivers for Data Communications.
References:
1 C.Toumazou,F.J.Lidgey &D.G.Haigh, Analogue IC Design :the current-mode approach, Peter Peregrinus, London, 1990.
2 Mohammed Ismail ,Analog VLSI : Signal and Information Processing, McGraw-Hill
companies ,1994.
3 R.Schaumann,M.S.Ghausi,Kenneth R Laker, Design of Analog Filters Passive, Active RC, and Switched Capacitor, Prentice
Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1995.
4. T Deliyanis, Y.Sun and J.K.Fidler , Continuous-Time Active Filter Design, CRC Press,
1999.
5. P.V.Anand Mohan, Current-mode VLSI Analog Filters : Design and Applications, Birkhauser,
2003.
6. Bram Nauta, Analog CMOS Filters for very high frequencies, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
ECE 5233 ARM PROCESSOR AND APPLICATIONS [3-0-0-3]
Total number of lecture hours: 38
ARM embedded systems, RISC design philosophy, ARM processor fundamentals, Programmers model, pipeline, ARM processor
families.
ARM instruction set: Data processing, branch, load-store instructions. Software interrupt instruction, program status register
instructions, Manipulating bits and bit patterns, Arithmetic operations.
Input and output, semihosting, serial IO, Input from switches and external events, timing of IO actions.
ARM Hardware, ARM modes, Exceptions, Exception handlers, program structures and testing. Introduction to THUMB instruction
set, Thumb register usage, ARM thumb interworking.
Memory hierarchy and cache, memory protection units, protected regions, memory management units. Details of ARM MMU.
Embedded ARM Applications, VLSI Ruby II Advanced communication processor, VLSI ISDN Subscriber processor, EricssonBluetooth baseband controller. ARM7100, SA-1100.
References:
1. Steve Furber ARM System-on- Chip Architecture, Second Edition , Pearson Education, 2000
2. J.R.Gibson ARM Assembly Language-an Introduction Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of
Liverpool, 2007
3. Andrew N.Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, ARM System Developers Guide Elsevier,2004

ECE 5272 NANOELECTRONICS [3-0-0-3]

Total number of lecture hours: 38

Introduction to Nanomaterials: nanoscale and nanotechnology, Consequences of nanoscale for technology. Beyond Moores Law.
Introduction to Nanostructured materials, Atoms, clusters and nanomaterials, Influence on properties by "nano-structure induced
effects", Low-dimensional structures: Quantum wells, Quantum wires, and Quantum dots, Nano clusters & Nano crystals, Electronic
and optical properties of nanocrystallites, Metallic and semiconducting superlattices, Synthesis of nanostructured materials,
Vibrational properties of nanocrystallites, Magnetic nanostructured materials; Nanoscale magnetism of fine particles of transition
metals, alloys and oxides: GMR, TMR, SPT, relaxation process and static and dynamic studies. Single electron devices. Some present
and future applications of nanomaterials
Preparation/Synthesis of nanomaterials: Methods for creating nanostructures, Top-down versus bottom-up assembly. Visualisation,
manipulation and characterisation at nanoscale, Processes for producing ultrafine powders, Chemical Synthesis, Physical Synthesis,
Biomimetic processes & systems, Assemblers.
Nanotechnology:Quantum well and quantum dot lasers, ultra-fast switching devices, nano magnets for sensors and high density data
storage, photonic integrated circuits, long wave length detectors, carbon nanotube, lumineascence from porous silicon, spin-tronic
devices, nanotechnology for biological system & bio-sensor applications.
Nanoscale Manufacturing: Nanomanipulation, Nanolithography.
Applications in energy, informatics, medicine.
References:
1. Janos H. Fendler: Nanoparticles and nanostructured films: preparation, characterization and applications, Wiley, 1998
2. Kenneth J. Klabunde:Nanoscale materials in chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 2001
3. Zhon Ling Wang:Characterization of nanophase materials, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH 2000

ECE 5248 NEURAL NETWORKS & FUZZY LOGIC [3-0-0-3]

Total number of lecture hours: 38
Biological neurons, Mc-culloch Pitts model, Feed forward and Feed back network, Supervised and unsupervised learning. learning
rules
Design of Linear classifiers,multi layer feedforward classifiers, error back propagation training,applications
Discrete time and gradient type Hopfield networks, Applications in optimization problems.
heteroassociative memories

Recurrent auto associative and

Unsupervised learning methods,Hamming net and maxnet, Feature mapping, Kohenens self organizing feature maps, cluster
discovery network (ART1), Counter propagation networks. kernel methods ,applications
Fuzzy Logic: Different types of fuzzy systems,membership functions, Brief comparison of classical sets and fuzzy sets, Basic
operation on fuzzy sets.
Fuzzy relations, Cartesian product, composition of fuzzy relations projection and cylindrical extension, extension principle,linguistic
variables, fuzzy IF-THEN rules-fuzzy propositions, different implications. Fuzzy logic and Approximate reasoning
Structure of fuzzy rule base and properties,Fuzzy inference engine,Fuzzifiers, Defuzzifiers, Design of Fuzzy rule based systems,
Introduction to Neuro fuzzy systems with GA optimization
References:
1. Jacek M Zurada, Introduction to artificial Neural Systems, Jaico publication. 2006
2. Simon Haykin, Neural Networks and Learning Machines ,Third edition, PHI edition private Limited,New Delhi, 2009
3. Li Xin Wang, Introduction to fuzzy systems and control, Prentice Hall publication, 1997
4. Timothy J Ross, Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Intl. Edition, McGraw Hill publication, 2008