PhD Reading List

The following is a list of key texts and journal articles that a group of some 60-70 PhD
students, at various stages of their studies, and from all around the world, devised at a
meeting just prior to the 4th EMES International Research Conference on Social Enterprise,
held at the University of Liege, Belgium, from 1-4 July 2013.
The list is not intended to be exhaustive by any means, but is intended to be a practical and
useful introduction to the SE field (Social Economy, Social Enterprise, Social
Entrepreneurship, Solidarity Economy) from a wide perspective, drawing upon the various
schools of thought and conceptualizations that presently exist. It is also representative of
the wide range of disciplines that influence the field: from sociology, social policy and
political science, through to management, economics, finance, anthropology, and beyond,
and so should be a useful entry point, irrespective of both the students primary
disciplinary background and wherever in the world they happen to be studying.
For more information on the EMES PhD Student Network and EMES, visit www.emes.net

Alter, K. (2004). Social Enterprise Typology. Virtue Ventures LLC. Available from:
http://www.4lenses.org/setypology (Accessed 8 July 2013)
Battilana, J., & Dorado, S. (2010). Building Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: The Case of
Commercial Microfinance Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(6), 14191440.
Bode, I. (2006). Disorganized Welfare Mixes: Voluntary Agencies and New Governance
Regimes in Western Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(4), 346-359.
Borzaga, C., & Defourny, J. (Eds.). (2001). The Emergence of Social Enterprise. London:
Routledge.
Carpi, T., & Juan, A. (1997). The Prospects for the Social Economy in a Changing World.
Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 68(2), 247-279.
Dacin, M. T., Dacin, P. A., & Tracey, P. (2011). Social Entrepreneurship: A Critique and Future
Directions. Organization Science, 22(5), 1203-1213.
Dacin, P. A., Dacin, M. T., & Matear, M. (2010). Social Entrepreneurship: Why We Don't Need
a New Theory and How We Move Forward From Here. Academy of Management
Perspectives, 24(3), 37-57.
Dees, J. G. (1998). Enterprising Nonprofits. Harvard Business Review, 76(1), 54-66.
Dees, J. G. (1998). The Meaning of "Social Entrepreneurship." (Revised 2001) Kauffman
Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership. Available from:
http://www.caseatduke.org/documents/dees_sedef.pdf (Accessed 8 July 2013)
Defourny, J., & Nyssens, M. (2010). Conceptions of Social Enterprise and Social
Entrepreneurship in Europe and the United States: Convergences and Divergences. Journal
of Social Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 32-53.
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PhD Reading List Compiled on July 1 , 2013

Defourny, J., & Nyssens, M. (2012). The EMES Approach of Social Enterprise in a
Comparative Perspective. EMES Working Papers no 12/03. Available from :
http://www.emes.net/what-we-do/publications/working-papers/the-emes-approach-ofsocial-enterprise-in-a-comparative-perspective (Accessed 8 July 2013)
Demoustier, D. (2001). L'emploi dans l'conomie sociale et solidaire: s' associer pour
entreprendre autrement. Sao Paolo, Brazil: Edies Loyola
Evers, A. (2005). Mixed Welfare systems and Hybrid Organizations: Changes in the
Governance and Provision of social services. International Journal of Public Administration,
28(9-10), 737-748.
Fasenfest, D., Ciancanelli, P., & Reese, L. A. (1997). Value, Exchange and the Social
Economy: Framework and Paradigm Shift in Urban Policy. International Journal of Urban
and Regional Research, 21(1), 7-22.
Guclu, A., Dees, J. G., & Battle Anderson, B. (2002). The Process of Social Entrepreneurship:
Creating Opportunities Worthy of Serious Pursuit. Durham: Fuqua School of Business, Duke
University. Available from:
http://www.caseatduke.org/documents/SEProcessDraft_FINAL.pdf (Accessed 8 July 2013)
Hansmann, H. (1980) The Role of Nonprofit Enterprise, Yale Law Journal, 89(5), 835-901.
Haugh, H. (2012). The Importance of Theory in Social Enterprise Research. Social Enterprise
Journal, 8 (1), 7-15.
Jessop, B. (1999) The Changing Governance of Welfare: Recent Trends in its Primary
Functions, Scale, and Modes of Coordination. Social Policy and Administration 33 (4): 348-59
Kerlin, J.A. (Ed.) (2009). Social Enterprise: A Global Comparison. Lebanon, NH: University
Press of New England.
Laville, J.-L. (2011). What Is the Third Sector? From the Non-Profit Sector to the Social and
Solidarity Economy: Theoretical Debate and European Reality. EMES Working Papers no
11/01. Available from: http://www.emes.net/what-we-do/publications/workingpapers/what-is-the-third-sector-from-the-non-profit-sector-to-the-social-and-solidarityeconomy-theoretical-debate-and-european-reality (Accessed 8 July 2013)
Mair, J., & Mart, I. (2006). Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Source of Explanation,
Prediction, and Delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36-44.
Mair, J., Battilana, J., & Cardenas, J. (2012). Organizing for Society: A Typology of Social
Entrepreneuring Models. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(3), 353-373.
Markusen, A. (1999). Fuzzy Concepts, Scanty Evidence, Policy Distance: the Case for Rigour
and Policy Relevance in Critical Regional Studies. Regional Studies, 33(9), 869-884.
Moulaert, F., Martinelli, F., Swyngedouw, E., & Gonzalez, S. (2005). Towards Alternative
Model (s) of Local Innovation. Urban studies, 42(11), 1969-1990.
Nicholls, A. (2010). The Legitimacy of Social Entrepreneurship: Reflexive Isomorphism in a
Pre-Paradigmatic Field. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(4), 611-633.
Nicholls, A., & Cho, A. H. (2006). Social Entrepreneurship: The structuration of a field. In A.
Nicholls (Ed.), Social Entrepreneurship: New Models of Sustainable Social Change (pp. 99118). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nyssens, M. (Ed.) (2006). Social Enterprise: At the Crossroads of Market, Public Policies and
Civil Society. Abingdon: Routledge.
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PhD Reading List Compiled on July 1 , 2013

Pearce, J. (2003). Social Enterprise in Anytown. London: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.

Peredo, A. M., & Chrisman, J. J. (2008). Toward a Theory of Community-based Enterprise.
Academy of Management Review, 31(2), 309-328.
Polanyi, K. (1944). The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (2nd ed.). Boston: Beacon
Press.
Polanyi, K., & MacIver, R. M. (1957). The Great Transformation (Vol. 2, p. 145). Boston:
Beacon Press.
Prahalad, C. K. (2006). The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty
Through Profits. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Santos, F. M. (2012). A Positive Theory of Social Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business
Ethics, 111(3), 335-351.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1962). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
Spear, R. (2006). Social Entrepreneurship: A different model? International Journal of Social
Economics, 33(5/6), 399-410.
Steinberg, R. (2006). Economic Theories of Nonprofit Organizations. In W.W. Powell & R.
Steinberg (Eds.), The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook (2nd ed.) (pp. 117-139). New
Haven: Yale University Press.
Teasdale, S. (2011). Whats in a Name? Making Sense of Social Enterprise Discourses. Public
Policy and Administration, 27(2), pp.99119.
Tracey, P., Phillips, N., & Jarvis, O. (2011). Bridging Institutional Entrepreneurship and the
Creation of New Organizational Forms: A Multilevel Model. Organization Science, 22(1), 6080.
Weisbrod, B. A. (1975). Toward a Theory of the Voluntary Non-profit Sector in a Three-sector
Economy (pp. 171-195). Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Yeo, S. (Ed.). (1988). New Views of Co-operation. London: Routledge
Young, D.R. (1983). If Not for Profit, for What?: A Behavioral Theory of the Nonprofit Sector
Based on Entrepreneurship. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books. Available from:
http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/facbooks2013/1/ (Accessed 8 July 2013)
Young, D. (2012). State of Theory and Research on Social Enterprises. In B. Gidron & Y.
Hasenfeld (Eds). Social Enterprises: An Organizational Perspective. (pp. 19-46) Hampshire,
UK: Palgrave Macmillan
Young, D. R. (2001). Organizational Identity in Nonprofit Organizations: Strategic and
Structural Implications. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 12(2), 139-157.
Young, D. R. (Ed.). (2007). Financing Nonprofits: Putting Theory into Practice. Plymouth, UK:
AltaMira.

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PhD Reading List Compiled on July 1 , 2013