Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
ri t of W lpi in d nc
es
e a
ttir
( C o p y n gh t
by
C V r o m an )
.
d E H Saunders
an
These peo ple, since they are fe w and their m anners go v ern
m ent and habits at e so d iffe rent fr o m al l the na ti o ns that hav e bee n
seen and disco v er ed in these w estow r egio ns m ust hav e co m e fr o m
l ies to the west o f
that part o f Gr eater India the co as t o f w hic
"
this
co untry
The N ar r ati ve of Cas taii ed a , Co r onado s
1
Chr oni cl er , 5 4 0 42
,
N ew
Yo r k
d Lo ndo n
an
C O PY R I
H T . 1 91 2
BY
A N CI S S A U N D E RS
CH A
RL E S
R a tchet back er
FR
l os 1 s 7
Ll B H
R I P
"
50
TH E
E V E R -P R E S E N T
M L M O RY o r
MY W I F E
THL
I N S P I R AT I O N
PU
OF
OUR
E B L O P EO P L E
J OUR N
W H OM
EY I N G S
SH E
1 5 LO VI N G L Y
LO V
AN D S T U D I E S AM O N G
E D T H I S
I N SC R IB
ED
V O LU M
THE
I ntr o d u
B
t th
Au
th o
wo
to r y
l d Li k
to
a v e
I t Re
H EN
I N TR OD UC TOR Y
vi
I N TR OD U CTOR Y
V ii
Some
I N TR OD U CT OR Y
viii
C F S
.
P A SA D E N A ,
CA LI F ORN I A
Ac k
no w
l e d gm
nt
T he
n te n ts
P
C H APT E R
AG
O F O UR F I R S T S I G HT O F THE P UE B L O I N D I A N ;
OF TE S U Q UE A N D H OW W E T OO K A P H OT O
G RAP H THERE
CH APT E R
II
A C OMA PU E BLO OF T H E SK Y ; H OW E D WA RD
HU N T F O UN D U S L OD G I N G S THERE ; AN D OF
TH E F I E S T A O F SAN E S TE BAN
OF
C H A PT E R
III
14
32
IV
43
C H APTER V
OF TH E
xi
53
CON TE N TS
xii
VI
O F OTHER P UE B L O S O F THE U PP ER R I O G RA N D E
A N D H OW S AN T I A GO Q U I N TA N A T RA VE LL E D
F O R S HE LL S
AG E
C H A PT E R
C H AP T E R VI I
C ERTA I N P U E B L O S
OF
NE
A R S AN TA
FE
V III
TH I THE R
C H AP T E R
OF T AO S AN D THE
W AY
IX
C H A PT E R
OF
TH E
TH E
97
TA OF S A N G E RON I M O
DE L I GH T M A K E RS
F I ES
AT
T AO S A N D
,
1 05
CHAPTER X
U N T R Y OF T H E P E N I TE N TE S
H OW F R A N C I S C O D U R A
N S M O T H ER C O U L D
F OR G E T
O F PI C U R i S I N T H E C O
AN D
N OT
XI
C H APT E R
A N C I E N T Z U NI AN D H OW
D ORES CAM E To D I S C OVER I T
OF
1 12
TH E
C ON Q U I S TA
125
X II
O F Z U NI D I CK
C H APT E R
OF Z
U NI
I N TH E R AI N ,
AN D
C H APT E R
OF
H O U S E K EE P I N G I N Z U NI
HE L P E D U s TO B U Y M E AT
3O
37
X III
AN D
H OW Z
U NI D I CK
CON TE N TS
xiii
P
XI V
C H APT E R
ET S
I
SA W
OF
I T SI TA,
AN D SO M E W H AT
OF
S HE MAD E
Z U NI B A B I ES
H OW
A Z U NI G R IN D IN G SON G
P L UM ES
OF
TH E
DAN CE
NI HT
OF
AN D
C HAPT E R
1 42
OF
P RAY E R
1 48
XV I
SHA
LAK O GO D S
T HE
C H A PT E R
TH E
OF
L IF E
LATTE R -D AY
MOQ UI ;
T RO U BL ES
IN
THE
1 67
H IN T
OF
I TS
OF
W AL P I ,
AN D
TH E
1 92
XX
S NA K E D AN C E TH ERE
C H A PT E R
82
XI X
S3
XV III
AN D
C H APT E R
XV II
O F TH E E I GHT PU E BLO S OF M O Q U I AN D
WAY TH I THE R
C H APT E R
JA R S ;
XV
C H A PT E R
OF
US
AG E
2 03
XX I
220
CO N TE N TS
xiv
P AGE
XX II
C H AP TE R
OF T H E
AN D
N AT I V E G OV E RN M E N T OF T H E P U E BL OS
T H E I R P O L I T I CA L S TAT U S U N D ER O U RS
2 33
XX III
C H APT E R
2 40
XX I V
O F W HA T THE U N I TE D S TATE S PO S SE SS E S I N THE
P UE B LO I N D I AN B E I N G A B R I E F S UMM I N G
UP
2 47
C H A PT E R
C H APT E R
OF
W H AT O U R
G O V E RN M E N T
XXV
IS
DO I N G W I T H
TH E
P U E BLO
2 53
C H APT E R
XXV I
O F THE FUTURE O F THE P UE B L O I F H E HA S ANY
,
2 72
A PP E N D C E S
A TA BL E O F APP R O XI M AT E P O P U L AT I ON
PUEBL O I N 1 9 1 0
S S A R Y AN D P R O N U N C1AT I O N
A MER I CA N AN D I ND I A N T E R M S
GLO
A PA R T I A L P U E B L O B I B L I O G R AP H Y
I ND X
OF
OF
EA CH
2 77
S PA N I S H
2 82
2 85
29 1
Il l u
s tr a ti o
ns
P
AGE
Th e
A street in Acoma
14
Spanish
'
20
tomb beater
E steb an
The
Acoma
of
San
26
Acoma
F iesta
o n San E
steb an day
28
F i e s ta o f San E st eb an
30
A
of co ma from the north east
Gr at
k
S y line of Acoma pue blo at ri ght of middl e
notch
e
R ock
Pottery
2
4
seller Isleta
,
The es tuf a ,
pueb lo of Isleta
0
5
Saline
I L L US TKATI ON S
xvi
AG E
in native attire
Eagl es
the
kept
feathers for
ar e
68
the
72
San
N ote the
86
94
N o rth
So uth
pueblo of
F i esta
Taos ,
arly morning
1 02
is
R ai sing th e
greased pole
T ao s
F i e sta
of
San
G er ni m o
es ta
1 06
1 08
th e
way to a
1 10
I L L US TRATI ON S
xvii
P
i
wa
l
n
Z
u
n
i
s
sacr
d
mount
a
in
in
a
l
e
e
To
y
snow
AG
th e
1 30
Z u fi i
1 42
Si
4O
Th e
Zuni shrine
Z u fi i s to b e th e
their vi ew is at
Shi p au
lu v i ,
1 52
1 64
overlooking
ro
th e Paint ed D esert
6S
1 70
I 82
A co rner
M o qui
1 86
of
of
a pueblo of
th e
Second
M esa
I LL USTRATI ON S
xviii
A GE
t h e m en ar e the weavers
the
t he H o p i s
reverse o f the N avaj o cu stom
1 90
A B eau
1 98
B rum mel
H Otav i l a
of
the
dge
2 02
their co rn
Snake
2 06
B oy
Wal pi
C amera and hi s grandmother
N am
R ock ,
e
o
p y
wheel
is
afraid o f -the
2 10
moulding a water-j ar
ever used by Pue b lo pott ers
Tewa
of
N0
2 20
i war v
e
ery distinct fro m
Aco ll ectio n o f M o qu
all o ther Pueblo p o ttery both in fo rm and
deco ratio n
224
2 24
d eer fro gs
u se of animal form s in th e d esi gn s
butteries etc The j ar decorated in curves
and lines depicts as explained by the potter
who m ade it for the author a pueblo ( blocks
against which rest poles with cross pieces
representing ladders ) and rain (vertical lines )
d e scending fro m cl o ud s ( ar che s ) ab o ve
226
Z u i
I L L US TR ATI O N S
xix
P
AG E
226
228
j ar s of Santo D omingo
Thi s ware
i s di s tin gui she d by an e spe ci al grace o f
Shape and a remarkable s cheme o f decoratio n
in triangles Circles and other geo metric
forms
228
Wat
r
e
A basket maker
of
Acupid o f Shimo
po v i
The
attir ed in summer
u
n
o
g
H u sking
fo r
2 30
F lush
2 38
times
2 48
2 54
2 6o
xx
I L L US TRATI ON S
P
Piki -b read
a
dd
e
b aked o n a
t griddl like stone o ver a
small r e
AG E
Pueb l o
A little maid of
M ap
Taos
in native attire
the
2 64
Th
Ind i ans
Ter
Ch
Of
Ou
F i r st
e su
S i gh t
qu e
Ph
p te
th
nd
gr
to
f th
H ou
r ac e
Pu
W
Th
s e s
blo
To
e r e
Ind i a n
o
ced
P r o no un
Te soo -k a
'
OUR F I R S T P UE B L O
'
OUR F I R S T P UE B L O
Indians ?
I replied
1 was thinking o f that myself
I
have hea rd of C hoctaws and C omanches and the
L ast of the M ohicans ; but T esu q ue is a new sor t
to m e We must nd out
T he hotel clerk was appeal ed to but he had not
been long in the T erritory and there were some
points about the T esu qu es he observed that he
had not learned
Y o u ca n do them in an
selves ?
he said
OUR
FIRST P UEBLO
O UR FI R S T P UE B L O
OUR FI R S T P UEB L O
I ndian
FIRST P UE BLO
OUR
OUR FI R S T P UEB L O
he replied
F i xed up nothin g
G osh no !
T his is the way these P ueblo Inj uns always dress
the women in p ar ti c l ar T hey seem to think
their short skirts and buckskin leggins has the
T here s lots of
Paris fashions plumb skinned
missionaries and G overnment school teachers and
the like that has spent good money tr yi n to g et
them into sensible calico dresses with red and
yeller patterns to sort of catch the eye ; but they
could n t make it stick T he women are great
stay at home bodies and that makes em set in
their ways T h e men go about more among white
folks and some of em are b ein shamed into
overal ls and jumpers ; even a hat goes with a good
many of em now B u t L ord ! it S Slow changing
these Injuns ways T hey have good money to
spend too ; but it seems that when it comes to
doing anything with em it 5 a case of m anana
O UR FI R S T P UE B L O
OUR FI R S T P UE B L O
Io
OUR FI R S T P UE B L O
1 1
T hese
he warned
T hem thi ngs and I njuns don t mix
us
this distance
we replied the dance by this
tim e was the lengt h of the pl aza away from u s
B esides
remarked Sylvia
I 11 throw the
end of my wrap over the camera and they can t
know
and with a click the shot was tak en
Nothi ng we thought coul d have been more
unob served and quietly done
O UR FI R S T P UE B L O
I2
O UR
FIRST P UE BLO
13
lm ! Is n t it too bad ?
.
Ch
'
01
Ac o m
Fo
Pu
nd U
blo
th
p te
L o d g i n gs T h
II
Sk
e r e ;
S a n Es t e b
y ;
nd
w Ed w
o
th
ar
d H
F i e s ta
nt
ced Ah co -m a
Pr o no u n
14
ACOM A AN D
I TS
FIESTA
human interest
and to experience the spiri t of
its S imple life and i t s p ri mitive people T here is
however no accommodation available except that
o ff ered by Indian homes and as few travellers
ca re for that sort of adventure it is advisable for
intending sojourners to take their own blank e ts
and provisions and if it be in the season when
rain is likely a tent
T h e road from L aguna is through a char a cter i s
tic northern New M exico landscape dotted with
i
o
n
ACOM A AN D
16
I TS F I E S TA
M esa
lifting its cylindrical block a gainst the turquoise
sk y
F our miles beyond towers the rock of Acoma
Similar in form but somewhat less lofty A few
cattle and Sheep are grazing on the wild grow ths
of the plain and an Indian on pony-back his
shock of jet black hair bound about with a sca rlet
llet and his white cotton trousers apping in the
breeze lopes by o n some errand toward the hills
A snatch of the barbaric melody which he Sings
drifts back to us as h e disappears around the sand
h i lls and we realise that it is happiness to be an
Indian in a real Indian country
Why the E nchanted M esa is enchanted I have
never heard explained T he term is a translation
of the name given to it by the rst Spaniards who
K atz im o
A tragic interest attaches to it
s ay
because of the tradition of the Acomas that their
own to wn a long time before the coming of the
white man was located on its at top which was
accessible by only one trail O ne day when most
of the inhabitants were busy in their elds out in
the plain a storm destroyed this approach and it
was necessary for the people to establish a new
-
E nchanted
I TS FI E S TA
ACOM A AN D
17
ACOM A AN D
18
I TS FI E S TA
A COM A AN D
I TS
FIESTA
19
ACOM A AN D
20
I TS FI E S TA
Th e
ACOM A AN D
I TS FI E S TA
21
come again
With that he disappeared into the recesses of his
ACOM A AN D
22
I TS FI E S TA
Y o u ready ? Le t 5 go
l o hours had been thus consum ed in getting
E dward under way but three more went into the
maw of time before our lodging was found T h e
way of our aboriginal house hunt was this :
F irst E dward had to pause at the top o f the
trail light a ci garette and pass the time of day
with a knot of his cronies who were sunning them
selves at the brink of the broad rock where three
centuries agone their assembled ancestors spat
deance at the King of Spain T hen when pro
gress was resumed and we were really within the
pueblo friendly faces would peer out of sundry
doorways and the sociable E dward leaving us to
s i t on the steps and distribute candy to the children
who were trooping after us with murmurs of
i
would
disappear
within
a
house
where
t
e
s
o
o
g
we would descry him smoking more cigarettes and
passing more tim e o f day Emerging after a
whi le he woul d smile his kind indul gent smile
,
'
ACOM A AND
I TS
FIE STA
23
ACOM A AN D
24
FIE STA
I TS
course we said Y es
L et us go ! said E dward
And so to the G overnor s T here we all sat
gravel y down as to the discussion of an inter
national m od u s vi vendi and after rolling a cigarette
apiece the G overnor and E dward launched out
upon a p ou r par l er which came with the Shadows
o f evening to this happy conclusion as interpreted
to us by E dward :
say ?
We parried this by asking E dward what he
thou ght was ri ght and it was nally arranged
that we sho ul d pay fty cents to the Governor
,
A COM A AN D
I TS
FIE STA
25
ACOM A AN D
26
I TS F I E S TA
b ah !
T he
T h e to m b b ea ter , A
co m a
F i es t a
of
San E s te
an.
I TS FI E S TA
ACOM A AN D
27
ACOM A AN D
28
I TS FI E S TA
as
The
mel o n s ell er s Ac o m a
,
on
San E s teb an d ay
ACOM A AN D
I TS FI E S TA
29
ACOM A AN D
30
FIE STA
I TS
W o m en d ancer s
om a
F i e s ta
of
San E s te b an
ACOM A AN D
I TS
FIE STA
31
September
,
Ch
Of wh
ll U
nd
Tu
p te
e r
th
ne d
111
Ro
C l i ff D w
o
e
Ac o m a
lle
r s
nd
2
3
UNDE R ACOM A S R O CK
33
in
Suddenl y
34
35
said Sylvia
are the N av ajes
H e mea ns
6
3
l
p
,
UNDE R ACOM A S R O CK
37
38
UNDE R ACOM A S R O CK
B u enos di a s
and he wo ul d smilingly reply
.
0
4
d i as
u eno s
1
4
2
4
Ch
Of
th
Pu
blos
I s l e ta ;
f th
nd h
ap
te
Ra i l r
IV
M a nu
i n th
o a
e
l C
Su n
Si d
a r
pio
L a gu n a
nd
S a ng
43
L AG UN A
44
AN D
I SL E TA
San Jos de la
King of Spain redubbed it
L aguna
T h e proximity of humanity was not
agreeable to the beavers which in the course of
time levant e d and left their dams to the P ueblos
to maintain As the latt er liked the lake they
accepted the legacy of the beavers and kept up the
dams for several generations About half a cen
tury ago however internal dissension developed
in the community and while the disputing con
ti nu ed the co mm unal work was neglected When
peace returned the lake was gone for ever
vanished through breaches unrepaired
L agu na en j o y s the distinction of being the rst
,
L AG UN A
AN D ISL E TA
45
entr a
which the average P ueblo extends to a
visitor
L AG UN A
6
4
AN D ISLE TA
Po tter
s el l er ,
I sl eta
L AG UN A
AN D ISLE TA
47
L AG UN A
48
AN D ISLE TA
L AG UN A
AN D
ISLE TA
49
D i ez centavos
said I holding o u t a dime
D os r eal es
I bid up showing a quarter
1 no wish
repeated the darkness
T h e n Sylvia stepped into the doorway and
ta king a seat that was hospitably proff ered
explained carefully our desire to make the picture
complete with an Isleta gure T hen the truth
came out T h e woman it seems did not live in
r i tos
L AG UN A
0
5
AN D ISLE TA
B u t me no
concluded the woman in a tone
that showed further parley hopeless
O n its architectural side I sleta differs markedly
from the conventional pueblo being b ui lt liberally
over a wide space with great trees in and around
it and the houses as a rule are of but one story
instead of bein g terraced T hey are neat and
com fortable homes furnished more or less on the
American plan with bedsteads tables and chairs
and now and then a chest of drawers In most
however an Indian avour is preserved by Navaj o
rugs spread upon the oors or folded as mattresses
upon benches ext endin g along the whitewashed
walls T he I sl et eo s are a thrifty community
and everything about their pueblo b etokens it
Proud and independent they are neverthel e ss
not averse to Am erican innovations of a certain
sort when convinced of their suitability to Isleta
and they know as much as you and I about mow
L AGUN A
AN D
I SLE TA
1
5
in g
machines for instance and baling alfalfa L ike
all Pueblos they work literall y night and day
when the crops demand it ; when nothing is pressing
they have abundant leisure and know how to
enjoy it
T his explains our nding old M anuel C arpio
seated in his American chair in the sunshine of his
l
a
z
i
t
a
singing an aboriginal ditty at midday
p
H i s corn was all in the house ; his melons were
sliced and dr ying on the roof or jacketed in yucca
strips and swinging from the rafters indoors to
e
l
k ep ti l winter ; his chili peppers were sunning in a
vivid row above the door ; and had not his wife at
that very moment fo u r fat sacks of whea t safe in
the little black storeroom where her wafer-bread
stones were s et ? T here was something to sing
a b out ; why shoul d he not sing ? Seein g u s looking
through his bit of wicket gate he beckoned us
within called to hi s wif e to fetch two more chairs
and proceeded to nd out as well as our lame
Spanish wo ul d let him where we ca me from
where we were going and how much Sylvia
woul d take for the fur boa which She wore about
her shoul ders and which was evidently very
lovely in the ey es of both M anuel and his
,
'
L AG UN A
2
5
AN D ISLE TA
I sl eta has b een g i ven a s p eci al pl ace i n l i ter atu r e thr o u gh the
d el i gh tfu l s to r i es o f C h ar l es F L u mm i s wh o s p ent s o m e y ear s
a s a n i nh a b i tant o f th e v il l a g e and h a d u nu su al o pp o r tu ni ti es to
b e co m e a c qu ai nte d wi th th e i nne r l i f e o f th i s m o st i nter es ti ng
p eo pl e W i th u nu su al s ym p ath y he h as gi ven e xp r essi o n to thi s
i
l fe i n s ev er a l o f hi s b o o k s no tabl y A N ew M exi co D avi d and
.
P uebl o I nd i a n F ol k Stor i es
Ch
o f th
a
Th
r e e
nd So m
Pu
blo
wh
p te
f th
V
Je m
f J o h n Pa u l ,
R iv
e z
th
e r
wh
e a
ll e y
You
aff ably as we climbed into the buggy
L
want to Jeme z
no ?
c ed
Pr o nou n
Ha
mess
53
JE M E Z VAL L E Y
54
P UE B L OS
L et s go !
and picking up the lines
T rotting jauntily through the wide leisurely
streets of the picturesque old county town where
no one was yet stirring past the court -house and
down the shady lane behind the pad r e s we came
o u t upon a bleak little b ri dge that here spans the
treacherous current of the Ri o Grande C rossing
upon this and climbing a steep grade we topped a
broad m esa sunburnt and wind -swept T here
before u s mile upon mile stretched white desert
sands and far on the north horizon C abezon
lifted his dim round head by the Ri o P uerco of the
N av ajo s
Somewhere at o ur backs along the wi llow
fringed river not far from where we had crossed
C oronado s army three hundred and seventy
years ago spent their rst N ew M exico winter
quartering themselves in an Indian pueblo from
which the inh abitants were ob l iged to turn out and
double up with their friends in an adjoining villa g e
Accordi ng to the Spanish chronicles there were
at that time a dozen pueblos in that vicinity the
largest being known as T i gu ex Th e result of an
idl e army of adventurers wintering in their midst
B
u eno ,
JE M E Z VAL LE Y
P UEB L OS
55
plants
a description measura b ly apt to -day as
Juan Pablo showed me P ointing with his whip
u p -stream where the river came owing out of the
east through y ellowing willows and cottonwoods
as between ribbons of g old he said
JE M E Z VA LLE Y P UE BLOS
6
5
dramatical ly
and everybody from R anchitos
go to old pueblo for stay L ots of work that
makes no ? but what else can th ey do ? O ld
pue b lo good for stay in R anchitos good for
crops Y ou see ?
As we passed over the next hill and down into a
huge basin in the sand dunes waterless as Sahara
Juan Pablo s prediction was realised and we over
haul ed a train of laden Studebaker waggons at
which teams of scrawny Indian ponies were tugging
urged on by the cracking whips of half a dozen
picturesque P ueblos in apping shirts and red
band as plunging afoot through the sand alongside
T here was a joke in the situation somewhere and
Juan Pablo and the Indians bandied it about
among them with good humoured laughter until
we left them in the rear As the talk was an
unintelligible mixture of Indian and M exican I
could only guess how funny it was ; but doubtless
it was onl y a bit of the elemental joy of Childhood
which the P ueblo Indian never outgrows
In an hour our wheels were crunching over the
broad ats of the Jemez R iver at Santa Ana where
the white alkali frin ged the river side s like a snow
fall F ordi ng the thr ead of a stream we mounted
.
JE M E Z VAL L E Y P UEBLOS
57
B r njeand o
repli ed Juan Pablo calml y
T h e poor Indi an leaped back as if he were shot
and inging his arms up cried with fear depicted
o n every line of his countenance :
,
Vamos
va mos , vam os !
JE M E Z VA LL E Y P UE BLOS
8
5
as we drove o ff
W hat did you tell him ?
T h e descendant of the C owhead grinned
JE M E Z VAL L B
P UE BLOS
59
JE M E Z VALL E Y
6o
P UE B L OS
The Si a ,
by M
ati l d a
Co x e Stev enso n
Y si d r o , G o v er no r
of
Si a , i n nat i
ve atti
re
JE M E Z VALLE Y
P UE B L OS
61
remarked
and watching the dying of a race
T hey are so reduced in numbers it is no longer
possible for them to keep up their institutions and
their heal thf ulness in the way their traditions r e
quire them to do ; yet they would rather die out
as Sias than amalgamate with another pueblo
T h e Santa Ana people would like them to go
over there which would seem a sensible course
strengthening both peoples ; but the Sias cannot
brin g themselves to the surrender It shows a
ne sp irit I think and I ca nnot help honouring
them for it suicidal as it i s At evening as I si t
here on my porch looking up at the pueblo there
I often watch the old men walk along to that point
jutting into the river and there they stand for the
longest time looking pathetically out over the
desert and up and down the river until the dark
-
JE M E Z VAL L E Y
62
P UE B L OS
JE M E Z VALL B Y P UE B L OS
63
JE M E Z VALL E Y
64
P UE B L OS
O f cour se
he remarked
they have their
Spats ; but they talk it o u t make up and forget
about it When it comes to farming they ar e just
natural born farm ers and irrigators There was a
government farmer here paid to teach them ; but
he co ul d n t tell them much that wo ul d stick And
when it comes to work in irrigating land no whi te
man can stand up with them The I ndians just
take off all their clothes except a breech -clout and
wade ri ght in T here i s nothing about water that
buf faloes them and they don t want no dinky hoe
neither Why bless you ! you can t get a hoe
too big for them There was an old scoop shovel
that I had here lying about the place whi ch was
just naturall y rusting away and one of them I n
di ans come in one day and asked me if I would n t
.
JE M E Z VAL L B
Y P UE B L OS
65
JE M E Z VAL L E Y
66
P UE B L OS
JE M E Z VAL L E Y
P UE B L OS
67
heard
I say they r e one o the best assets that
thi s country has T hey r e hard workers by night
just the same as by day when the moon s right an
the crops need it ; and then when they can be
spared from the pueblo lots of em go up to
C olorado and work in the elds there at wages I
sometimes thi nk they just naturally like to work
the way they joke and laugh about it when a white
man d just swear and sweat sulphur ; but s ay
they sure are funny to trade with Y o u know
i t s Indian nature to be close
mouthed I f you
.
JE ME Z VALLE Y
68
P UEB L OS
So I
Ch
O f O th
h
e r
Pu
blo
w S a n t i a go Q
p te
VI
f th
i nta n a T r
Upp
e r
av e
R io
ll e d fo
r a
nd
Sh
lls
nd
.
I TH I N
69
SAN D I A TO
0
7
COCHI TI
SANDIA TO
COCHI TI
71
SAN D I A TO
2
7
'
COCHI TI
A P u ebl o
o m an
g w a t er h o m e f r m
i n b ack g o u nd
b ea r i n
th e
el l
p en ai r o vens
SAN D I A TO
COCHI TI
73
s a be
T hen
I said :
pueblo
and he said :
u eno
SAN D I A TO
74
COCHI TI
What is an enchi l ad a ?
F o r sure
he replied with a joyful smi le
ti l l as ,
SAN D I A TO
COCHI TI
75
In C alifornia we have ta m al es
I said ; but
?
wrapped in a corn husk
n
i
s
e or that wrap in the corn husk
S
Well
said I
what is the diff erence then
between the enchi l ad a and the ta mal e?
su n
SAN D I A T O
6
7
COCHI TI
SAND IA TO COCI I I TI
77
h e says
D o mi ng o
r o de
T he o l d g o v er no r o f the p ueb l o
o u t t o m ee t u s and l ear n who we we r e and wh at we want e d
On
e x p l ai ni ng tha t we we r e s tr ang ers who o nl y wi s h e d to see th e
to wn we wer e tak en di r e ctl y to hi s h o u se o n th e to wn s qu ar e
H i s o l d wi f e h as tened to p u t b ef o r e u s ca k es and co ee
Af te r
we had eaten we wer e gi ven f ul l p er m i ssi o n to l oo k ar ound
F r ed er i k Star r i n hi s
SAND IA TO
8
7
CO CHI TI
SAN D I A TO
COCHI TI
79
SAN D I A TO
80
CO CHI TI
SAN D I A
C alif ornia
TO COCI I I TI
81
SAN D I A TO
82
ment al ly
is there ?
.
T here
Y es ,
COCHI TI
there is
he answered unexpectedl y
T hi s
re
r ui ns o f
Wes t
the So u th -
SAND IA TO COCII I TI
83
dwellings
Ch
Of C
e r
ta i n
Pu
t
e
p
blo
V II
ne
a r
S a nta F
HE
84
P UEB L OS
FE
NEA R SAN TA
85
P UEBLOS NEA R SA N TA FE
86
AT es u qu e m o t he r
a nd
b ab v
T he
hi l d i
s a sl ee p
i n th e
cr a dl e
FE
87
No
he replied ingenuously
nothing more
88
PE
c ed
P r o no u n
Po -b
wa k a
'
P UE BLOS NEA R SA N TA FE
89
FE
NEA R SAN TA
P UE B L OS
90
Th e O rphan
M exicans call it that is
U pon
its summit San Ildefonso sought refuge when
after the bloody Pueblo uprising in 1 680 the
avenging army of D e Vargas appeared on the
other side of the Ri o Grande T h e siege of the
B lack Me sa lasted ni ne months o ff and on accord
ing to L um mis the beleaguered Indians resisting
four assaults upon their Gibraltar like fortress ;
but Spaniards in those days were of a mettle
hard to conquer and the San I ld ef o nsa ns were
nally brought to knee T hey had gone up free
men of the plain but they came down vassals of
the Spanish King T h e San Ildefonso which we
know to day at the foot of that black mount of
humiliation is not the original pueblo ; that stood
across the river
As at Namb e the M exican invasion of San
I ldefonso has begun and is little by little eu
cr oa chi ng upon the distinctive P ueblo features of
I
Int
h at anci ent ch u r ch
PE
P UEBLOS NEA R SA N TA
1
9
Y es
sighed the schoolmistress in char g e at
P UE B L OS
92
NEA R SAN TA FE
PE
93
Th e Santa C lara
P UEBLOS NE A R SA N TA FE
94
San J u an
w o m an i n h
er
d o o r wa y
m o ccas i ns w o r n i n
cer tai n
N o te th e b o o t-l i
u eb l o s
ke
PE
P UE BLOS NEA R SA N TA
95
'
P UEBLOS NEA R SA N TA FE
6
9
reparing
the
street
ovens
for
the
wheat
bre
d
a
p
baking ; and pleasant -faced girls with gl isten i ng
black ti najas of water on their heads as at Santa
C lara the gourd dippers clink ing against the
rims led in from the well F arm waggons
loaded with corn or with wood and now and then
a slaughtered sheep on top creaked in from the
country and children played about everywhere
It may have been here that one tod dl er stumbled
over a log and hurting itsel f fell to crying A
returned student who had been sullenly sitting
in the shade watching us jumped to his feet with
ever y sense alert and gathering up the little fellow
soothed it as a woman would
m urmured Sy lvia
it will be a little child tha t
Ch
o f Tao
p te
n d th
V III
T h i th
e r
97
TAOS P UE B L O
8
9
TA05 P UE B L O
99
TAOS P UE B L O
I oo
'
TAO S P UE B L O
101
TAOS P UEB L O
1 02
TAOS P UE B L O
1 03
married
TAOS
1 04
P UEBLO
Ch
'
01
th e
F i e s ta
t
e
p
f San G
D
l i gh
e r
IX
nim
Mak
at
e r s
Taos.
n d th
AN T to buy so me greps
u ena sand i a ,
s ei t or o ,
tr ei nte
no ?
centavos !
co m
p ad r e ?
M el ones m u cho
u enos l
Yo u
1 05
TH E F I E S TA
1 06
TAOS
AT
TH E F I E S TA
AT
TAOS
1 07
TH E FI E S TA
1 08
AT
TAOS
chio netti or
delight m akers as B and elier calls
them
T heir faces and naked bo di es smeared with
paint and their hair entwined with rustling co m
husks these buff oons come suddenly boundi ng and
yelpi ng into the pl aza and set the crowd into an
u proar of
la ughter with their horseplay which
con tinues o ff and on for hours Nothi ng is safe
fr om their irreverent touch T hey steal peaches
from a waggon and starting to eat spit the m o u t
wi th a wry face as if bitter ; they swarm up a
ladder to a housetop and into a room whenc e
scream s and laughter announce some prank and
in a moment they reappear one bearing a water
melon D escending to the pla za the thief stands
the melon on his head and the others line up before
him and dance and chant i n mockery of som e
ceremo ny T aken with a sudden thought they
all si t d o wn in a; circle on the gr ound and leaning
o
FIESTA AT TAOS
TH E
169
i ng hi m
t o wards
und er
hi s
ar m ,
m ar ch es
o ff
wi th hi m
TH E FI E S TA
1 10
AT
TAOS
TH E FI E S TA
AT
TAOS
11 1
Ch
O f Pi c u
f s i n th
w Fr
e
a
o u
o u
is
p te
ntr y
c o
u r
th
ld no t Fo
P e n i te nte s
M o th
ge t
nd
e r
H EN
1 12
PI C URIS CO UN TR Y
TH E
1 13
TH E
1 14
PI C URI S CO UN TR Y
PI C URI S CO UN TR Y
TH E
1 15
TH E
1 16
PI C URIS CO UN TR Y
B allard replied
Not on your life
they v e
too much sense No it s these greaser M exicans
Now those hill s you see with a b i g cross o n top
they call them places C alvary out of the B ible and
on Good F ri day they always hold so m e special
cousins
TH E
P I C URIS CO UN TR Y
117
And how does all thi s aff ect their mor als ?
torture ?
TH E
1 18
PI C UR IS CO UN TR Y
TH E P I C UR IS COUN TR Y
1 19
TH E P I C URI S
1 26
I di d n t
man
and never
CO UN TR Y
will nor
any
other white
'
TH E
PI C URI S CO UN TR Y
121
Th e young people
he remarked
ar e not
what they were We cannot trust them any more
as we used to nor teach them the secret things of
our people ; so they r e ignorant of a great many
thi ngs that it would be good for them to know
e
d
u
g
TH E
122
PI C URIS CO UN TR Y
And
TH E P I C URI S
CO UN TR Y
1 23
Do
M y so n ! we interpreted her wailing
you know F rancisquito in C alif orni a ? I am so
wi ll do this ?
saw
TH E
1 24
PI C URIS CO UN TR Y
in red
as in white dw ells the uni
versal mother hea rt which never forgets but
yearns unceasingly for the chi ld whom the w orld
has rapt fro m her sight
So
Ch
Of
A n c i e nt
Zu ii i
nd
to
XI
t
e
r
p
h
w th
D isco
v e r
Co nqu i s ta d
It
o r es
I T H Z u i
1 25
SP AI N
126
D IS CO VERS
z UNI
D IS CO VERS Z UNI
SP AI N
127
H ow t
1 28
records
their women the I ndians lov e bett er
than themselves
U nder these circum stances the place being in
a fever of resentment prudent B ro ther M arcos
decided that if he was to deliver a report of his
ndings to the Viceroy he had best stay out Of
C ibola
Nevertheless if he might not enter the
towns of his quest he did lik e M oses on N eb o s
peak get at least a glimpse o f the Promised L and
from a hilltop overlooking the great plain in which
the villages lay O n that height he tells us he
planted a woode n cross symbol of the faith th at
was some day to b e preached there and then
descending bea t his retreat towards M exico carry
ing such stories of settled towns and fertile valleys
that the Spanish adventurers when they heard
the tale felt sure o f the presence there o f gold and
other treas ure
fr o m Ci b ol a to the Vi cer oy Mendo za to the eff ect that althou gh
he h ad b een i n th e p u eb l o so m e ti m e he ha d no t been p er mi tt ed
to s ee any of th e w o m en wh o m th e m en k ep t unde r gu ar d fr o m
th e str anger s
gi ven fr o m the Pr o vi nce o f Cev o l a
Thi s l etter
and t hi s c i ty o f G r ana da ! Co r o nad o s new ch r i s teni ng o f the
p u ebl o i n w hi ch he was qu ar ter ed ! the 3 d of Au gu st 1 540 b y
F r anci s co Vasquez d e C o r o nad o wh o k i ss es the hand o f hi s mo s t
i ll u s tr i o u s l o r ds hi p the Vi c er o y
gi ves a ver y gr aphi c and r ead
a b l e acc ou nt o f Pu eb l o l i fe a s the r s t Sp ani ar d s f o u nd i t
It
wi l l b e f ound i n Wi nshi p s Cor onad o
,
SP AI N D I S CO VER S
Z UN I
129
th e
see
F or
si
an
i nter esti ng
ccount of
B and eli e r
9
of
cati o n o f
the id enti
the
Se
ven Ci ties
Ci b ol a in The Gi ld ed Man
Zu n
i
of
wi th
C i b ol a
"
,
Ch
O f Z u ni
n th
p te
Ra i n
XI I
nd
f Zu i D ick
'
1 3o
WE M EE T Z UN I
D I CK
13 1
I Z uni D ick
continued the Z uni
Y o u no
Y o u come in my houses
hul l y ?
The door was hospitably opened ; one puppy
was lifted by the nape of its mangy neck and
deposited outdoors while another was shunted
under the table and we were invited to si t down
in the household s two cherished Am erican chairs
I t wa s a typical Z u ri i interior with clean White
washed walls and a beamed ceiling of unh ewn logs
,
gu a ge h as no s o u nd o f
li ke th e C hi nes e p r o no u nces as a n I
I
i l an
Th e Z u n
,
r,
132
WE MEE T Z UN I D I CK
stones a
WE M E E T Z UN I
D I CK
1 33
WE M EE T Z UN I
1 34
D I CK
devices one
to follow his o wn
of which was to
cultivate the acquaintance of white visitors to
Zu fi i and let them into such of its mysteries as he
thought suitable for white folk to know
P erhaps then he could take us where we could
watch a Zurf i S ilversmith at work ? We wanted to
s ee a Z u i man make a bracelet
Y e-es
he said indul gently
I Show you
WE M E E T Z UN I
D I CK
1 35
Y o u give
im money
dolla
half dolla I
Said D ick :
Y o u stay and s ee no be a ai d
WE M EE T Z UN I D I CK
1 36
Then
Ch
o f H
ou se
e e
p te
p i ng i n Z
e
lp
d U
ni
to
XI I I
nd h
u y
w Z u fi i D i c h
Me at
Zu i
S7
O UR
1 38
Z UN I
H O USE KE E P I N G
O UR
Z UN I
H O USE K E E P I N G
39
0 UR Z U N I H OUSE K E E P I N C
1 46
Y o u eat
said D ick it no cost you mossing
T hen more talk and nally our host went to an
inner room and reappeared with a foreleg of beef
which he deposited upon the oor
Y o u want im meat
said D ick you take
0 UR Z UN I H O USEK EEP I N C
141
cents
And on this basis the negotiation was concluded
with a handshake all around
B
ut
'
Ch
O f S e -w i -e t s i -t s i t a
a
nd So m
p te
wh
h
a
XIV
w Sh
o
Mad
f 2 1 31 161 B
U s Jar s;
b ie
E EP
1 42
Z UN I PO TTER Y M AK I N G
-
1 43
1 44
'
T
R
N
P
T
E
Y
M AK I N G
ZU I
O
1 45
IO
1 46
eat s
s l e gg i ng s
g
T he m en al s o
se wi ng -m a ch i ne wh en a h o u s e h o l d o wns o ne
A Z u rf i m an ni t ti n h i s wif e
,
run
t he
Z UN I
O
TER
Y
P T
M AK I N G
1 47
Ch
Of
Zu i G
e
t
p
i n d i n g S o n g,
XV
nd
f Pr
y er
Pl u m
e s
NE
Y o u no busy ? he inquired
Y ou
1 48
GR IND ING
SO NG
1 49
1 56
GR IND ING
SO NG
A GR I N D I N G
H ello
S ON G
1 51
sh e
remarked
been visiting the
kinds turkeys
hawks
and bluebirds and
making them up into prayer plumes according to a
'
A GR I N D IN G SONG
52
Oh
Ch
0f
th
N i gh
p te
Da n c e
XV I
th
Sh lah
H E Sh alako
'
1 53
TH E SH AL AK O
DA N CE OF
1 54
TH E SH AL AK O
DA N CE OF
1 55
DA N CE
6
5
OF TH E
SHA L A K O
We assented
i
c
t
u
p
Y o u s a be ?
dissented
I say so
So the G o d of the L ittle F ire carrying in one
hand a smoul dering torch of twisted cedar bark
his bare painted body spotted with many -coloured
sparkles and his head eclipsed within a hemi
spherical mask also dotted that rested like a starry
dome upon his slender shoulders came and went
unpictured as becomes a god
B efore him walked a Zuni priest in ceremoni al
dress a great white buckskin slung across his
shoulders a bunch of rabbits depending from his
belt and bearing reverently before him a basket of
prayer plumes upon which his downcast gaze
rested It was our old friend D ick in apotheosis
Th e two made the tour of the village planting the
pra y er plumes at certain appointed places and
followed by a group of dancers who i rnp er s o nat ed
gods of the Zuni pantheon and wore wonderful
masks presenting an ensemble of superb colour as
they danced and chanted
no take
Y ou
TH E SH AL AK O
DA N CE OF
57
he observed in a burst of
Sh alako come
friendliness
B u t not till darkness had completely settled
D A N CE OF
1 58
TH E
SHA L A K O
DA N CE OF
SHA LA K O
TH E
1 59
DA N CE
1 60
OF TH E SH AL AK O
D A N CE OF
TH E SH AL AK O
61
D A N CE OF
1 62
TH E
SHA LA K O
DA N CE OF
TH E
SHA L A K O
1 63
D A N CE
1 64
SHA L A K O
OF TH E
TH E SH AL AK G
DA N CE OF
1 65
Ou r
DA N CE OF
66
TH E SH AL AK O
'
xv
Of
th
E i gh t P u
blos
T h i th
HE
M o qu
e r
n
i,
n d th
1 67
M OQ UI
68
P UE B L OS
C atalina nowadays ?
T his is what you get when you try to interest
the average citizen of the U nited States in the
case of the ei ght pueblos of M oqui Shall I gain
an y more attention by writing it out on paper ?
P erhaps not
N evertheless I shall try
At lea st
I shall not be interrupted till I am through with
the story I have to tell
on
N o r th war d
M OQ UI P UE B L OS
1 69
M OQ UI
1 7o
P UE B L OS
H ither ,
M 0Q UI P UE B L OS
1
7
o
d
u
r
t
m
a
d
a
m
e
journey
f
death
H
ere
in
e
e
a
o
j
M oqui the H opis planted their corn of many
colours and set up al tars and shrines that stand to
this present day ; and with invocations and thanks
giving to the red gods that had brought their
fathers up from the darkness of the underw orld to
this w orld of light they wrestled unceasingly with
M OQ UI
1 72
P UE B L OS
M OQ UI P UE B L OS
1 73
M OQ UI
1 74
P UE B L OS
M OQ UI
P UEB L OS
1 75
route We are
not of the robust type of travellers and previous
experience with desert and I ndians had taught u s
our physical limitations We accordingly made
r
careful provision in advance for a st class team
and competent driver as well as for as many
comf orts as coul d be packed under the seats On
t w o nights of the journey w e knew t hat lodging ao
Gallup
M OQ UI
1 76
P UEB L OS
co m m o d ati o ns
M 0Q UI P UEB L OS
1 77
12
M 0Q UI
1 78
P UE B L OS
M OQ UI P UE B L OS
79
M OQ UI
8O
P UE B L OS
'
M OQ UI P UEB L OS
181
Ch
0 f th
Mo
L i fe in
p te
qu i
a
XV I I I
Tr
nd
o u
H i nt
ble
f i t s L a tt e r
N 0 he was not T o m
h e was T om s b r u z zer n
law P ercy and yes he sought mebbe he knew
about some house if we wanted to hire one till after
Snake D ance ; mebbe his sister M ary Snak e
82
A H op i
es a
ea
e.
re
as
er
e e
e
L I FE TO D AY IN
-
And
M OQ UI
1 83
L I FE TO-D AY I N
1 84
line W alpi
M OQ UI
pueblos in a
Sich omovi and T ewa
so close together that they real l y are lik e one long
rambling village N evertheless they preserve
their respective individualities even to the extent
of one employing a radically diff erent language
from the others Th e Second or M iddle M esa i s
forked at the tip and upon it are three more
villages On one prong of the fork are perched
M i sh ng novi and the acropolis like Shipa d lovi
while on the other prong is Shi m op ov i
I wish
the names were less formi dable looking in print
but they are not unmusical from H opi lips T h e
Third M esa was until recently the site of but one
L I FE TO-D AY I N
M OQ UI
1 85
FE
T
LI
O D AY IN
1 86
M OQ UI
A corn e r of
pueblo
of
t he
TO-D AY IN
L IFE
M OQ UI
1 87
people of peace
T h e picturesque and healthful costume o f old
M oqui is being replaced by America n ugliness
Overalls suspenders ragged coats and more
ragged trousers clumsy store shoes hats with
hang -dog b r i rns that the wind delights to whirl o ff
are now everyday features of men s attire where
but a few years ago the loose cotton blouse and
wide apping cotton pantaloons deerski n mocca
sins that t the rocky trail with the sureness of the
foot itself and the blanket that is hat coat and
gloves in one were the general vogue As for the
L I FE
1 88
T O-D AY IN
M OQ UI
L IFE
us
TO-D AY I N
M OQ U!
1 89
I
.
of
civilised
vice unrest and disease Th e
practical resul t i s that the H opis are developing
into a body of parasites instead of perpetuating
the sturdy independence of a people whom all
travel lers even a s late as ten years ago spoke of
with enthusiasm At Oraibi particularly the
evidences of white in uence are simply sickenin g
Any one who doubts it has onl y to go and s ee for
.
L I FE TO D AY I N
1 90
M OQ UI
ni s ed the
white peril and the people protested
against it Why should they with an ancient
cul ture of their own sufcient to their condition
and hallowed to them by a thousand memories and
traditions give it up for the way of the white man
with his record of broken promises and duplicity ?
Asking nothing whatever from our Government
and willing to work and pay for all they need what
do they want with a white education for their red
children ? They know things enough already of
real worth to put thei r teachers to shame ; but they
do not attempt to force their I ndian codes upon
A b l ank e t
m en
ar
th e
L I FE TO-D AY I N
M OQ UI
191
Ch
Of
ta v i l
th
w it L
p te
E i gh t h
o o
XI X
Pu
blo
d B la
h ly
o
a
M o qu
u s
E AD I N G
i,
nd
1 92
H OTAVI L A
93
13
H OTAVIL A
1 94
H ombr e ! he cried
and take the lady ! Why 8
the reason you go there ? I t s just a wil derness
,
H OTAVIL A
1 95
i t is desert
H OTAVIL A
1 96
H OTAVIL A
1 97
H OTAVIL A
1 98
A B eau
rumm l of H ot
e
av
i ll e
H OTAVI L A
1 99
H OTAVI L A
2 00
too bad
T here was a soft cry in the house
T he F ield
M atron excused herself and went in Presentl y
s he came out holding in her arms a beautiful
baby of perhaps a year old T h e tiny arms
clasped her neck the little head with its loose
curls lay on her shoulder in satised content
,
H OTAVIL A
2 01
H o tav i l a
H OTAVIL A
2 02
model settlement
the
Government s
under
Oraibi cliff s where the unrest sickness aimlessness
o f purpose and general misery which were pain
ful ly apparent among its people when the writer
visited it were more suggestive of the slums of a
great city than anything that seemed possible in
the sweet air and under the turquoise s k y of
Arizona
,
Ch
Of
l p i,
n d th
p te
XX
Snak
Da n c e
Th
e r e
ER E
2 03
26 4
o n alternate years
at Wal pi on the uneven years
1 9 1 3 etc
1 91 1
and at Oraibi on the even years
1 9 1 4 etc
1912
T h e specic day of the month
varies being determined afresh each year by some
secret sacerdotal formula that keeps the white
man guessing until the priests descend to their
underground rites in the k i vas or council rooms
which always begin nine days before the public
dance with the serpents T he railroad company
arranges to be posted as to this at the earliest pos
sible moment and to its agents one should apply
for information respecting the exact date of the
dance which one may be reasonably certain
will not be earlier than August tenth nor later than
,
26 5
WAL P I
TH E
2 06
S N AK E D AN CE
M ealin g
26
s i t do wn
E nteri ng we discovered another young w oman
seated upon a sheepskin spread on the ad o be
oor and surrounded by small pieces of unburned
pottery upon which she was painting designs
with a strip of yucca leaf H er hair hung down in
strings and her countenance lacked the welcome
o f the others
H er pottery was poor and on
WAL P I
TH E
2 08
S N AK E D AN CE
2 09
to catechise us
et ceter a a nd
D ance P H o w long you came ?
.
so
wei ter
NO
I
.
Where then ?
J unction C olorado
We pointed to the rooster and pig pottery
he asked
D o what ?
TH E
210
With which
WAL P I
S N AK E D AN CE
P art hi an
on
his face
We could not but note that this youth gr atu i
tously endowed by o u r Government with the
education whi ch is expected to make him an u p
and
fr i d
h i s g ra nd m othe r
o y -a
-o t
.
C am era
he-
WALP I
TH E
S N AK E D AN CE
21 1
TH E
212
WALP I
S N AK E D AN CE
2 13
2 14
215
TH E
216
WAL P I
S N AK E D AN CE
WAL P I
TH E
Easterners
S N AK E D AN CE
217
roughi ng it under
weather beaten s om br er os and marvellous hat
bands and various sorts o f N avajo adornments
bracelets silver rings and wri st guards A dash
o f returned H opi students in di nky hats some even
with cameras and a sprinkling of Governm ent
o f cials and teachers from territorial I n di an
schools help to round out as picturesque and
motley an assembly as the traveller o f ten runs
across in America
Wh o can do justice in words to the Snake D ance
itself ? The s i lent swinging entrance o f the
priests in single l e decked in a remarkable har
mony of sombre tones from the copper coloured
tuft of feathers in their hair to the tawny fringed
moccasins relieved only by a fe w lines and zig
n
zags o f white lightning painted o the semi nude
bodies and o n the kil ts ; their rapid striding four
times around the p laza and stamping with res ound
ing foot blows upon the plank that symbolises
Shi po p a the entrance to the undergro und w orld ;
the hummi ng chant of the Antelope pri ests ao
companied by rattles that never ceases before
the leafy prison of the snakes ; the mouthing and
lightning -like handling of the writhing serpents
on
a vacation
TH E
218
WAL P I
S N AK E D AN CE
TH E
WAL P I
S N AK E D AN CE
219
a
n
t
f
i
t
potash
had
forgotten
to
bring
a
e
o
!
w
e
g
Ch
O f th
Ar ts
p te
f th
Pu
e r a
XXI
b lo
m i
Es p e
i ally
th
ON G
22 0
N a m p eyo
No
wh l i
ee
s e
v r us d
e
( C o pyr i g h t
by
Vr o m a n
P UE B L O
AR TS
22 1
P UEB L O
222
AR TS
AR TS
P UE B L O
2 23
P UE B L O
2 24
AR TS
A collection of M o qui wa re ve ry di s tinct fro m
Water-j ars of
San
I ld efon s o
sv
a nd
d coration
e
oth er
u b lo
e
a nd
m b o l i cal
al l
P UEB L O
A R TS
225
:8
P UE B L O
226
AR TS
Z u i
es ,
e e
s,
ese
e s
a
es
P UE B L O
A RTS
227
AR TS
P UE B L O
228
W at r
e -i ar s
of Santo D omin o
es
a e
r,
T hi w r
s
is
di tin
s
d l
P UE B L O
AR TS
2 29
P UE B L O
2 30
AR TS
The
P UE B L O
t hi s
A RTS
23 1
resul t of
pseudo education is that the young
generation of Pueblo women are growing up in
comparative ignorance of the art of their mothers
and of the art symbols and traditions of their race
T h e idea that there i s an I ndian art worth at
tention did get di mly into the mind of a former
head of the Government s Offi ce of I ndian Aff airs
but such attempts as he instituted with the view
of condescendingly fostering the art have been
in the hands of emplo y s who seem to be quite
incapable of intelli gently handling the case It
appears impossible for the average American to
dispossess himself of the conceit that his nation s
way is the o nl y really correct way I t does not
occur to him that to Ameri can i se Pueblo art is
as absurd as to as k J apanese artists to learn
kindergarten methods T he truth i s the Pueblos
are to be learned from not taught T heir art
is the expression o f their nature and o f a long
traditional past and to set such a people to
drawing co p y-book designs can teach them no
thing while it does stie absolutely the real art
-
f o nso
P UE B L O
2 32
AR TS
f
people i s that of hands o f
and to begin it at
once before the old generation of potters i s dead
and their traditions dead with them ?
.
Ch
O f th
Th
ti v
e
p te
o v e r
nm
XX I I
nt
i r P o l i ti c a l S t a t u
nd
th
e r
Pu
Ou
blo
r s
nd
E N T Y SI X
23 3
N ATI VE GO VE R N M E N T
2 34
Pueblo
'
N ATI VE GOVER N M E N T
235
N ATI
2 36
VE
GO VER N M E N T
N ATI VE GO VE R N M E N T
237
right
from the privil ege o f voting except in
N ATI VE GO VE RN M E N T
238
Acupid of S hi m o rovi
T he
NA TI VE GOVE R N M E N T
2 39
Ch
O f th
ti v
p te
XX I I I
l i gi o n
f th
Pu
blo
2 4o
24 1
o f vital religion
that relationship which binds
16
N ATI
2 42
VE REL IGION
Th e
NA TI VE REL IGIO N
243
N ATI VE R EL I GI ON
2 44
NA TI VE REL IGIO N
2 45
N AT I VE RE L IGION
2 46
Ch
Of
at
th
p te
U n i te d S ta te
Ind i a n
i ng
X XI V
Po
ss e ss e s
i n th
ie f Su m m i ng U p
Pu
b lo
H E Pueblo
p eci es
of
2 47
S UM M IN G UP
248
H usking corn on
es
s.
S UM M I N G UP
2 49
I t is fortunate
him in his way of life
says a
S UMM I N G UP
2 5o
in getting
u se the apt phrase of J ohn F iske
'
S UM M IN G UP
that o f
p aris o n
the B
oo k
f Genes i s
s ee m
251
m o dern
by
co m
us
The Pueblo ,
S UM M IN G UP
2 52
Ch
Of
t O
u r
p te
o v e r
Pu
nm
e
XXV
nt i s
blo
Do i ng
w i th th
2 53
2 54
GO VE RN M E N TAL
ACTI VI TI E S
A m an of
e s
GO VE R N M E N TAL
A C TI VI TIE S
2 55
2 56
GO VERN M E N TAL
ACTI VI TIE S
is
ACTI VI TI E S
GO VE R N ME N TAL
2 57
:7
GO VE R N M E N TAL
2 58
ACTI VI TI E S
GO VER N M E N TAL
ACTI VI TI E S
2 59
GO VE R N M E N TAL
2 60
ACTI
VI TI E S
a e
ar e
s a
e s
s s e s,
o
e
GO VE RN M E N TAL
ACTI VI TI E S
26 1
no t
2 62
GO VER N M E N TAL
ACTI VI TIE S
of white children
In spite of some absu rdities as regards the
,
GO VE R N M E N TAL
ACTI VI TI E S
2 63
At a pu eb lo
e, a
2 64
GO VE R N M E N TAL
ACTI VI TI E S
bark b ut it
as
h er
s ee
ACTI VI TIE S
GO VER N M E N TAL
2 65
H ere
hw or wa yah vi
F olded in packets or rolled
into sticks this i s a staple of Pueblo diet sweet
to the taste and not excelled in digestibil ity by
the twice -baked breads of o ur modern hospitals
Thi rdly : I n the N ew M exico pueblos the
dome shaped ad obe bake ovens are a striki ng
feature built always outdoors either in front
of the house or on the roof Thi s makes it i m
e
i
e
r
a
t
v
for
the
house
w
ife
to
be
in
the
health
p
giving air during the entire time of heating the
oven and baking the bread I n these ovens
yeast -risen wheat b read is baked in an even
heat with the thorou ghness that distingui shed
.
GO VE R N M EN TAL
2 66
ACTI VI TIE S
u b lo wo m n b aking wh at n b r d
e
ea
at
th e
outdoor oven s
GO VE R N M E N TAL
ACTI VI TI E S
is
2 67
2 68
GO VE R N M E N TAL
ACTI VI TI ES
c
e
p
GO VE R N M E N TAL
A C TI VI TIES
2 69
GO VER N M E N TAL
2 70
ACTI VI TIE S
bour whites
Y et
they add
what can we
do about it ? T he work means o ur bread and
butter
I t is not the purpose of this chapter to advocate
holding back any I ndians who reall y des i r e to
participate in the whi te man s education N o w
and then one nds a Pueblo whose native bent
is such as to enable him to assimilate something
from our present day American civilisation just
as generations ago his ancestors adopted somewhat
from their Spanish conquerors mode of life
While it is the present writer s conviction based
on observation that even in such cases what the
man loses in hi s lapse from native ways i s greater
than hi s gain yet to such an one he wo ul d cordially
s ay
Go ahead and if you can nd anything to
your liking in jumpers and overalls and cowhide
brogans in simplied spell ing and in ability to
read about the latest murder in C hicago or the
graft cases in San F rancisco and if with this
Of
GO VE R N M E N TAL
ACTI VI TI E S
271
and be educated
The plea made is solely for
Ch
O f th
Fu
tu
r e o
p te
f th
Pu
XXV I
e
blo
if H
as
Any
T h e Of
2 72
F U T URE O F THE P UE B L O
2 73
B ut
"
18
F U T URE O F THE
2 74
P UE B L O
cani s i ng
U nfortunately ,
F U T URE OF TH E P UE B L O
2 75
F U T URE OF THE
2 76
UEB L O
Table
Ap p r o xi m
E a c h Pu
W ith
th e E
blo
Po p u l a ti o n
i n 19 10
a te
a nd
nea res t
i ts
Ar i z o na
L ATI ON
P PU
FI
RST ME SA
Si ch u m
T ewa
H an o
T
a
wah )
(
OND
M i s hon g
1 50
Gallup N
mil es
90 m il es
80
1 20
m il es
ME SA
novi
2 50
125
Sh i m o po v i
225
01
o
r
'
TH I RD
N E A RE ST RA IL RO AD
STAT I ON
1 00
ov i
Shi p au l
b los
SE C
W inslo w A ri z
H ol b roo k A ri z
2 50
ov i
Pu
W in sl o w
or
A riz
bl o
90
C ao n D ia
mil es
500
75
mi l es
80
m il es
H o tav i l a
400
B
a
h
ca
bee)
(
1 00
T ot al p o pu lation of
Ariz on a p ueb l os
approxim at el y
2 1 00
ME SA
P OP
278
UL A TIO N O F EA CH
UEB L O
of
anado
and
K
eam
s
a
n
on
G
C
J
Arizona gives the following list o f principal
H ubbell ,
M e x i c o Pu
PO FUL A
blo
PRI NCI P AL
NE ARE ST R AIL R O AD
ST ATI ON .
TI O N
A co ma ( Ah co ma)
(incl u sive o f i ts
u mmer pueb lo
A co mi t a)
8 00
S ep t
L ag
una
15
m i l es
10
miles
25
miles
( M cCar ty s f o r
Aco mi ta )
C ochiti ( C ochi
tee
'
3 00
I sl ta ( I s -l tt - )
s
1 000
-m es s
m
z
H
a
e
)
(
J
L ag u n a ( includin g
s i x f a rm in g vil
lages )
500
J ul y
o m ingo
I leta
14
ug 2 8
'
ep t
N ov
rn ali ll o
12
19
La
N am
be (
N am b a
1 500
1 00
Sept
OC t
guna
( E s pa fi o l a
( Santa
m il es
1 5 I u il e s
12
P OP UL AT ION OF E ACH P UE B L O
PRI NC I P AL
PO F UL A P U B L IC
POP
F I E S TA
TI ON
Picuri s
rees )
S ndi a ( Sandee -a)
Sa nta Ana ( San
ntt
an a
mi les
1 m il e
20
1 00
75
2 00
S anta C lara
S anto D omin g o
S n Feli p e ( F
a
2 50
7 00
l ee -p a)
San
os
uan
Si a ( See
Ta
500
Il d f on so
San J
2 00
(H wahn)
500
1 00
-a
( T o wss )
Tesuque (
500
Te 800
k a)
NE A RE ST RA I L RO AD
S TAT I ON
-oo
P
i
c
(
2 79
u ni ( Soo -n y e e
S p a n -Am e
Zoo -nee Am e r )
( I ncl us ive o f i ts
s u mm er p u eb l o s )
1 50
N ov
12
Santa F
mi les
0
4
m il es
1 6 50
A b out N o v
0
( di ff e rent
3
ea ch y ea r )
Gall u p
.
i m atel y
The hi re
92 00
of
P OP UL ATI ON OF E ACH P UE B L O
2 80
P OP UL ATI ON OF E ACH P UE B L O
28 1
N o w here does
that the best i s the cheapest
i t pay better to pay for responsibility in those
wi th whom you deal
,
G l o s s a r y a n d Pr
i s h -A m e r i c a n
n u n c i a ti o n
Ind i a n T
nd
Adios ( ah -d e
a di eu
Al g o d on es ( al -go -d o -n ess ) san d d un es
Arro yo b ed of a s tream u su a ll y dr y
f Sp
e r
an
d a,
b n d u u ll y fold d h n dk rch i
a
ef , e
a a
'
'
'
a e
2 82
e,
P R ON UN CIATION OF
IN D IAN
TER M S
2 83
a
n
d
t
e
w
a
(
)
y
Pl az i ta ( p l a-s ee -ta ) a dooryar d or inte rior court o f a r esi d ence
P o co littl e ; p o -co ti -e m p o in a littl e whil e
P ue b lo (poo -eb -lo ) a to wn ; w h en ca pitali sed an I n di an o f the
pueb los
Pu erco ( p war -co )
m u dd y ; whence the S -W -Amer te rm
perky f o r a m u d dy cr eek
-en s ah ui
n
b
k
b e) I d o not kno w ; l i t wh o kno ws ?
e
sa
e
ee
Q
(
-er -a
-o
k
u
i
ro
k
r
I
w
a
nt
ui
e
r
e
e
e
;q
)
) y ou want
Q
(
(
R a nchito ( an-ch ee -to ) a litt l e f arm
R ea l ( a
12 %
cents E ig ht o f them ma de the o ld
Sp ani s h pi ece of ei ght Used in multiples o f t wo as d os
( 2 ) real s 2 5 c ents ; cua tro ( 4 ) real es 50 ce nt s etc
R etr ato ( a-tr ah -to ) any picture ; s trictl y a portr ait
Sandi a ( san-d ee - ) wa term elon ; sandi a u ena t r ei nte centa v os
g ood wa te rm lon 3 0 cents
gat way to the n ex t world
Shi p ap u ( s hip -a
So mb rero ( s o m -b a -t o ) a wide-b ri mme d hat
and
was
'
'
'
'
'
'
-e
'
P R ON UN CI ATI ON OF I N D IAN TE R M S
2 84
T o m e ( to m -b a) , an n di an d rum
'
w
I
T ortilla ( tor
pancake
T usayan (too sa y-an) an o l d S p ani s h n ame for
Vam os (v ah -mo s ) be gon e ; l i t l et u s g o
tee y a) , a
M oqui
P a r t i a l Pu
b l o B i b l i o gr
h
p
The D el i ght
M ak er s by Adol p h F
1 8 90
B andeli er , N ew
Yo rk
a ro m ance o f the C liff D well ers
treasu ry o f infor m ati on ab o ut
em b o d yi n g a
Pueb l o native customs by o ne of the forem o st
Am erican ethno logi sts
P u eblo Ind i a n Folk Sto r i es by Charles F L umm is
D a vid
ou r
Cou ntr y
2 85
2 86
A P AR TIAL
The J
P UEB L O B
IB L IOGRAP H Y
o u r ney O
Park er
1 904
a transl a tion fro m
Winshi p N ew York
Sp anish docum ents of the C on quest with m an y
illum inating notes by the edi tor T hi s littl e
volum e depicts graphicall y the condi tion of the
Pueb los as seen by those who discovered th em
Zu ni Fol k Tal es by F rank H Cushi ng N ew Y o rk
I go I
a collection of E n glish transl ations by t h e
p oet-ethnol o gist who understood the Pueblo
heart as p erhap s no other white m an has ever
k nown it
1 8 82 ,
F eb
M ay
1 8 83
hi
ar
t
e
of
t
e
t
c
son
o
p
e
k
a
S
a
nta
A
T
p
R ailroad ; a com p endi um of authorit ative i n
form ation concerning the Pueb l o s am o ng others
The S na k e D a nce of the M ogu i s of Ar i zo na by C a p t
J o hn G B o urk e U S A N ew York 1 8 8 4
,
A P AR TI AL
P UE B L O B I B L I OGR AP H Y
287
an un p retentious
Ei ck em eyer N ew York 1 8 95
travel tale of San Ildefonso Santo D omingo and
T aos
The F l u te of the God s by M arah E ll is R yan N ew
1
York 909 an historical romance of the Sp ani sh
C o n qu es t
Ind i a n L ov e L etter s by Marah E llis R yan C hicago
1 907 an idealistic p resent ation wi th good loc al
colour of the case of a H o pi m an educated in a
2 88
P UEB L O B I B L I OGRAP H Y
A P AR TI AL
ou r
'
Fi na l R epo r t of
the Ind i a ns
a m ong
the
P AR TI AL P UE B L O B I B L I OGRAP H Y
Annual
Repo rt
Washi ngton
by C harles F Lummi s Chicago
E thno logy
of
2 89
19
A P AR TIAL
2 90
P UE B L O B
IB L IOGRAP H
Ind
ex
PAG E
Abi qui ti
Aco ma
Archi tect u re
92
1 4 et s eq , 2 2 5
.
5 , 50, 7 9 ,
8 5 , 1 3 5,
A rts
B
1 01 , 1 32
2 2 0, 2 3 1
aca b i
1 94
ketry
B e nt G o vernor m ur d er o f
B l ack M esa s i ege o f
B ou quet Se ri o r a
B as
1 85
1 04
90
88
C h m ita
92
C ha ract er o f Puebl os : I n d ustry 5 1 64 6 7 1 7 2 ; g ood h u m our
me 58 ; love o f c hild ren 62 9 6 1 2 3
39 4 o 5 1 9 1 ; love of hom
1 4 6 2 49 ; re tic enc e 6 8 ; j o y o f li f e 7 3
1 8 3 ; p ea cea b l n ess
1 03
1 7 0 ; g e nt l en ess 2 3 o ; h o s pit alit y 8 6 9 1
1 61
1 85 1 97 ;
con se r vatism 1 02 1 84 ; naturall y ar tis tic 2 3 1 ; d is like o f
cam era 1 2 7 6 1 2 0 1 56
C i b ol see Z uni
C ivili sa tion native
C liff D we ll e rs Pueblo s relationshi p to
C ochiti
C o Ok er y P ueb lo
a
a,
nces
D eli gh t make rs
D r es s
Da
71
291
I N D EX
2 92
F ield m tron
F i ta S n E t ban
a
PAGE
1 9 8 , 2 62
s:
s e
2 5 et seq
at
H o tav ila
I ntem perance
I l ta
s e
J e me z
La guna
M esa E ncantada
M esa H uerf a na
M exican e ncroachment
M i s hon gno vi
M o enkopi
M oqui
N am e
pey o
Orai b i
Pen
as co
Penitentes
N am
P la ns
I ndi
Po juaqu e
ans ,
Puy
I N D EX
li gion na tive
R ito d e l o s F ri j ol es
Re
Sa nctu ar i o
F l ip
n I l d f ons o
San
Sa
San J
uan
Santa Ana
Santa C la ra
Santo Domin g o
Sc hola rs return ed
Sc h ool U S G ov rn m nt
S halako ce remoni es
,
Shi m po v i
Si a
S ichom ovi
S i erra San gre d e C ri s to
S nake d ance H opi
Sp ani sh gu a rd ian shi p
,
Taos
Teach e rs
Tes u que
T e wa
G ov e rnm ent
Ti gu ex
ruchas Las
T u be r culos i s
W itchcraf t b eli ef in
W omen s tatus o f
,
Z uni ,
di scovery of
2 93