65 Properties of Triangle Part 1of 2

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Subject : Mathematics
Topic : Properties of Triangle
Index
1. Theory
2. Short Revision
3. Exercise (Ex. 3 + 2 = 5)
4. Assertion & Reason
5. Que. from Compt. Exams
6. 39 Yrs. Que. from IIT-JEE
7. 15 Yrs. Que. from AIEEE
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A B
cos
2
.
C
sin
2
A
B
cos
a+b
2
We have to prove
=
.
C
c
sin
2
From sine rule, we know that
a
b
c
=
=
= k (let)
sin A
sin B
sin C
a = k sinA, b = k sinB and c = k sinC
a+b
L.H.S. =
c
Example :
a+b
In any ABC, prove that
=
c
Solution.
k(sin A + sin B)
=
k sin C
C
A B
cos
2
2
=
C
C
sin cos
2
2
= R.H.S.
Hence L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Proved
(b 2 c 2 ) cot A + (c 2 a 2 ) cot B + (a 2 b 2 ) cot C = 0
We have to prove that

(b 2 c 2 ) cot A + (c 2 a 2 ) cot B + (a2 b 2 ) cot C = 0
from sine rule, we know that

a = k sinA, b = k sinB and c = k sinC
(b 2 c 2 ) cot A = k 2 (sin 2 B sin 2 C) cot A
sin 2 B sin 2 C = sin (B + C) sin (B C)
(b 2 c 2 ) cot A = k 2 sin (B + C) sin (B C) cotA

cos A
(b 2 c 2 ) cot A = k 2 sin A sin (B C)

sin A
= k 2 sin (B C) cos (B + C)
cos
Example :
Solution.
k2
[2sin (B C) cos (B + C)]
2
k2
[sin 2B sin 2C]
(b 2 c 2 ) cot A =
2
k2
Similarly
(c 2 a 2 ) cot B =
[sin 2C sin 2A]
2
k2
and
(a 2 b 2 ) cot C =
[sin 2A sin 2B]
2
adding equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
(b 2 c 2 ) cot A + (c 2 a 2 ) cot B + (a2 b 2 ) cot C = 0
Self Practice Problems
A
A
1.
a sin + B = (b + c) sin .
2
A +B
A B
sin
cos
2
=
C
C
sin cos
2
2
A B
cos
2
=
C
sin
2
B+C=A
cosA = cos(B + C)
2.
a 2 sin(B C)
b 2 sin(C A )
c 2 sin( A B)
+
+
=0
sin B + sin C
sin C + sin A
sin A + sin B
3.
..........(i)
..........(ii)
..........(iii)
Hence Proved
A
B
tan + tan
c
2
2
=
.
A
B
ab
tan tan
2
2
In any triangle ABC, the sines of the angles are proportional to the opposite sides i.e.
a
b
c
=
=
.
sin A
sin B sin C
98930 58881 , BHOPAL
1. Sine Rule:
Properties & Solution of Triangle
b 2 + c2 a 2
2b c
or a = b + c 2bc cos A = b 2 + c 2 + 2bc cos (B + C)
Example :
c2 + a 2 b 2
a 2 + b 2 c2
(iii) cos C =
2 ca
2a b
In a triangle ABC if a = 13, b = 8 and c = 7, then find sin A.
Solution.
(ii) cos B =
cosC
a2 + b2 c 2
2ab
&
cos B =
a2 + c 2 b2
2ac
2
2
a 2 + b 2 c 2
2
c a +c b
L.H.S. = a b
2ab
2ac

a2 + b2 c 2
(a 2 + c 2 b 2 )
2
2
= (b 2 c 2 )
Proved
98930 58881 , BHOPAL
*Example :
Solution.
64 + 49 169
b2 + c 2 a2
=
2 .8 .7
2bc
2
1
cosA =
A=
3
2
2
3
sinA = sin
=
Ans.
3
2
In a ABC, prove that a(b cos C c cos B) = b 2 c 2
We have to prove a (b cosC c cosB) = b 2 c 2 .
from cosine rule we know that
cosA =
Example :
Solution.
= R.H.S.
a b
c a
If in a ABC, A = 60 then find the value of 1 + + 1 + .

c c
b b
A = 60
a b
1 + +
c c
c a
c +a+b b+c a
1 + =

b
b
c
b
(b + c )2 a 2
bc
(b 2 + c 2 a 2 ) + 2bc
bc
b2 + c 2 a2
+2
bc
b2 + c 2 a2
=2
2bc
= 2cosA + 2
+2
A = 60
cos A =
1
2
c a
a b
1 + + 1 + = 3 Ans.
c
c
b
b
Self Practice Problems :
a 2 + ab + b 2 , then prove that the greatest angle is 120.

A
a(cosB + cosC) = 2(b + c) sin 2
.
2
1.
The sides of a triangle ABC are a, b,
2.
In a triangle ABC prove that
3.
Projection Formula:
(i) a = b cosC + c cosB

(ii) b = c cosA + a cosC
(iii) c = a cosB + b cosA
Example :
In a triangle ABC prove that a(b cosC c cosB) = b 2 c 2
Solution.
L.H.S. = a (b cosC c cosB)

= b (a cosC) c (a cosB)
............(i)
From projection rule, we know that

b = a cosC + c cosA
a cosC = b c cosA
&
c = a cosB + b cosA
a cosB = c b cosA
Put values of a cosC and a cosB in equation (i), we get
L.H.S. = b (b ccos A) c(c b cos A)
= b 2 bc cos A c 2 + bc cos A
= b2 c2
= R.H.S.
Proved
Note: We have also proved a (b cosC ccosB) = b 2 c2 by using cosine rule in solved *Example.
Example :
In a ABC prove that (b + c) cos A + (c + a) cos B + (a + b) cos C = a + b + c.
Solution.
L.H.S. = (b + c) cos A (c + a) cos B + (a + B) cos C
(i) cos A =
2. Cosine Formula:
b cos A + c cos A + c cos B + a cos B + a cos C + b cos C

(b cos A + a cos B) + (c cos A + a cos C) + (c cos B + b cos C)
a+b+c
R.H.S.
Proved
R.H.S.
1.
2 C
+ c cos 2 = a + b + c.
2 b cos
2
2
2.
cos B
c b cos A
=
.
cos C
b c cos A
3.
cos A
cos B
cos C
a2 + b2 + c 2
+
+
=
.
c cos B + b cos C
a cos C + c cos A
a cos B + b cos A
2abc
BC
A
bc
=
cot
2
2
b+c
AB ab
C
(iii) tan
=
cot
2
a+b
2
(i) tan
(ii) tan
ca
B
CA
=
cot
c +a
2
2
Example :
Find the unknown elements of the ABC in which a =
Solution.
3 + 1, b = 3 1, C = 60
A + B + C = 180
A + B = 120
From law of tangent, we know that
3 + 1, b =
3 1, C = 60.
a=
.......(i)
ab
C
A B
tan
=
cot
a
+
b
2
2
=
=
( 3 + 1) ( 3 1)
cot 30
( 3 + 1) + ( 3 1)
2
2 3
cot 30
A B
=1
tan
2
A B
=
= 45
4
2
A B = 90
From equation (i) and (ii), we get
A = 105
and
B = 15
Now,
From sine-rule, we know that
c=
.......(ii)
a
b
c
=
=
sin A
sin B
sin C
a sin C
( 3 + 1) sin 60
=
sin A
sin 105
3
2
3 +1
( 3 + 1)
=
sin105 =
3 +1
2 2
2 2
c=
c=
6 , A = 105, B = 15
Ans.
Self Practice Problem

1.
In a ABC if b = 3, c = 5 and cos (B C) =

Ans.
1
3
7
A
, then find the value of tan
.
25
2
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4. Napiers Analogy - tangent rule:
In a ABC, prove that
=
=
=
=
Hence L.H.S. =
A
B
C
B C
CA
A B
If in a ABC, we define x = tan
tan
, y = tan
tan
and z = tan
tan
2
2
2
2
2
2
then show that x + y + z = xyz.
5. Trigonometric Functions of Half Angles:

(s b) (s c)
(s c) (s a )
A
B
C
=
; sin
=
; sin
=
ca
bc
2
2
2
(i)
sin
(ii)
cos
s (s a )
s (s b)
A
B
C
=
; cos
=
; cos
=
ca
bc
2
2
2
(iii)
tan
A
=
2
(iv)
sin A =
(s a ) (s b)
ab
s (s c)
ab
(s b) (s c)
a+b+c
=
where s =
is semi perimetre of triangle.
s (s a )
s (s a )
2
2
bc
s(s a )(s b)(s c) =
2
bc
2.
1
1
1
ab sin C = bc sin A = ca sin B = s (s a ) (s b) (s c)
2
2
2
Example :
In a ABC if a, b, c are in A.P. then find the value of tan
Solution.
tan
tan
A
=
s
(
s
a)
2
and tan
A
C
. tan
.
2
2
C
=
s
(
s
c)
2
2
A
C
. tan
= 2
s (s a)(s c )
2
2
s b
b
A
C
tan
. tan
=
=1
s
s
2
2
it is given that a, b, c are in A.P.
2b = a + c
a+b+c
3b
s=
=
2
2
b
2
=
put in equation (i)
s
3
2
A
C
. tan
=1
tan
3
2
2
1
A
C
tan
. tan
=
Ans.
3
2
2
2 = s (s a) (s b) (s c)
........(i)
Example :
In a ABC if b sinC(b cosC + c cosB) = 42, then find the area of the ABC.
Solution.
b sinC (b cosC + c cosB) = 42

From projection rule , we know that
a = b cosC + c cosB put in (i), we get
ab sinC = 42
1
=
ab sinC
2
Ans.
= 21 sq. unit
........(i) given
........(ii)
Example :
C
A
B
+ tan = 2c cot .
In any ABC prove that (a + b + c) tan
2
2
2
Solution.
A
B
+ tan
L.H.S. = (a + b + c) tan
2
2
tan
(s b)(s c )
(s a)(s c )
+
L.H.S. = (a + b + c)
s
(
s
a
)
s(s b)
A
2
(s b)(s c )
s(s a)
= 2s
sc
s
and tan
B
=
2
sb
sa
+
s b
s a
(s a)(s c )
s(s b)
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6. Area of Triangle ()
2s= a + b + c
2s b a = c
cot
s( s c )
( s a)(s b)
s(s c )
(s a)(s b)
= 2c cot
= R.H.S.
C
=
2
s(s c )
(s a)(s b)
C
2
Proved
7. m - n Rule:
(m + n) cot = m cot n cot

= n cot B m cot C
Example :
If the median AD of a triangle ABC is perpendicular to AB, prove that tan A + 2tan B = 0.
Solution.
From the figure, we see that = 90 + B (as is external angle of ABD)
Now if we apply m-n rule in ABC, we get

(1 + 1) cot (90 + B) = 1. cot 90 1.cot (A 90)
2 tan B = cot (90 A)
2 tan B = tan A
tan A + 2 tan B = 0
Hence proved.
Example :
The base of a triangle is divided into three equal parts. If t 1 , t 2 , t 3 be the tangents of the angles
subtended by these parts at the opposite vertex, prove that
1 1
1
4 1 + 2 = +
t1 t 2
t2
Solution.
1 1
+
t
2 t3
Let point D and E divides the base BC into three equal parts i.e. BD = DE = DC = d (Let) and
let , and be the angles subtended by BD, DE and EC respectively at their opposite vertex.
t 1 = tan, t 2 = tan and t 3 = tan

Now in ABC
BE : EC = 2d : d = 2 : 1
from m-n rule , we get

(2 + 1) cot = 2 cot ( + ) cot
3cot = 2 cot ( + ) cot

.........(i)
again
in ADC
DE : EC = x : x = 1 : 1
if we apply m-n rule in ADC, we get

(1 + 1) cot = 1. cot 1 cot
2cot = cot cot
.........(ii)
from (i) and (ii), we get
2 cot( + ) cot
3 cot
=
cot cot
2 cot
3cot 3cot = 4cot ( + ) 2 cot
3cot cot = 4 cot ( + )
cot . cot 1
3cot cot = 4
cot + cot
2
3cot + 3cot cot cot cot cot cot = 4 cot cot 4
4 + 3cot 2 = cot cot + cot cot + cot cot
4 + 4cot 2 = cot cot + cot cot + cot cot + cot 2
4(1 + cot 2 ) = (cot + cot) (cot + cot)
1
1 1
1
1
+
+
4 1 +
2 = tan
tan
tan
tan

tan
= 2c
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=2
sb+sa
s( s c )
( s a)(s b)
=2
In a ABC, the median to the side BC is of length
11 6 3
30 and 45. Prove that the side BC is of length 2 units.
and it divides angle A into the angles of
8. Radius of Circumcirlce :
R=
a
b
c
a bc
=
=
=
2 sinA 2 sinB 2 sinC
4
s
R
Example :
In a ABC prove that sinA + sinB + sinC =
Solution.
In a ABC, we know that

a
b
c
=
=
= 2R
sin A
sin B
sin C
a
b
c
, sinB =
and sinC =
.
sin A =
2R
2R
2R
a+b+c
sinA + sinB + sinC =
a + b + c = 2s
2R
2s
s
=
sinA + sinB + sinC =

.
2R
R
In a ABC if a = 13 cm, b = 14 cm and c = 15 cm, then find its circumradius.
abc
R=
.......(i)
4
= s(s a )(s b)(s c )
Example :
Solution.
a+b+c
= 21 cm
2
= 21.8.7.6 = 7 2.4 2.3 2
= 84 cm 2
13.14.15
65
R=
=
cm
4.84
8
65
R=
cm.
8
A
B
C
In a ABC prove that s = 4R cos . cos . cos .
2
2
2
In a ABC,
Example :
Solution.
s(s a)
s(s b)
B
C
, cos
=
and cos
=
bc
ca
2
2
A
B
C
R.H.S. = 4R cos . cos . cos .

2
2
2
s(s a)(s b)(s c )
abc
=
.s
(abc )2
= s
= L.H.S.
Hence R.H.L = L.H.S. proved
1
1
1
1
4R
In a ABC, prove that
+
+
=
.
sa
s b
sc
s
1
1
1
1
4R
+
+
=
sa
sb
sc
s
1
1
1
1
+

+
L.H.S. =
sa sb
sc s
Example :
Solution.
s=
cos
A
=
2
2s a b
(s s + c )
+
( s a)(s b)
s( s c )
c
c
+
( s a)(s b)
s(s c )
s(s c )
abc
and R =
ab
4
s(s a)(s b )(s c )
2s = a + b + c
2s 2 s(a + b + c ) + ab
s( s c ) + (s a )(s b)
=c
=c
2
s( s a)(s b)(s c )
Hence proved
98930 58881 , BHOPAL
1.
1 1 1 1
1
4 1 + 2 = + +
t1 t 2 t 2 t 3
t2
2s 2 s(2s) + ab
abc
4R
4R
L.H.S. = c
=
= 2 =
2
2
abc
4
abc = 4R
R=
4R
L.H.S. =

In a ABC, prove the followings :
1.
a cot A + b cotB + cos C = 2(R + r).
2.
s
s s
r
4 1 1 1 =
.
a b c
R
If , , are the distances of the vertices of a triangle from the corresponding points of contact with the
y
incircle, then prove that
= r2
++ y
s
a sin B2 sin C2
(iii) r =
cos A2
(i) r =
A
B
C
= (s b) tan
= (s c) tan
2
2
2
A
B
C
(iv) r = 4R sin
sin
sin
2
2
2
(ii) r = (s a) tan
& so on
10. Radius of The Ex- Circles :

A
B
C
;
;
r =
r =
(ii) r1 = s tan ; r2 = s tan ; r3 = s tan
2
2
2
sa 2 sb 3 sc
B
C
a cos 2 cos 2
A
B
C
(iii) r1 =
& so on
(iv) r1 = 4 R sin . cos . cos
2
2
2
cos A2
Example :
In a ABC, prove that r1 + r2 + r3 r = 4R = 2a cosecA
(i) r1 =
Solution.
L.H.S
= r1 + r2 + r3 r
=
+
+
sa
s b
sc
s
1
1
1
1
+

+
=
sa sb
sc s
s b + s a s s + c
= (s a)(s b) + s(s c )

c
c
+
=
(
s
a
)(
s
b
)
s
(
s
c)
s(s c ) + (s a)(s b)
= c
s(s a)(s b)(s c )
2s 2 s(a + b + c ) + ab
= c
2
abc
=
= 4R = 2acosecA
Example :
Solution.
a + b + c = 2s
R=
abc
4
a
= 2R = acosecA
sin A
= R.H.S.
proved
If the area of a ABC is 96 sq. unit and the radius of the escribed circles are respectively
8, 12 and 24. Find the perimeter of ABC.
= 96 sq. unit
r1 = 8, r2 = 12 and r3 = 24
r1 =
s a = 12
sa
r2 =
sb=8
sb
r3 =
sc=4
sc
adding equations (i), (ii) & (iii), we get
.........(i)
.........(ii)
.........(iii)
98930 58881 , BHOPAL
9. Radius of The Incircle :
3.

In a ABC prove that
1.
r 1 r 2 + r 2 r 3 + r 3 r 1 = s2
2.
rr1 + rr2 + rr3 = ab + bc + ca s2
3.
If A, A1 , A2 and A3 are the areas of the inscribed and escribed circles respectively of a ABC, then prove
1
1
1
1
that
=
+
+
.
A
A1
A2
A3
c
r1 r
r2 r
+
= r .
a
b
3
(i) Length of an angle bisector from the angle A = a =
2 bc cos A
2
b+c
98930 58881 , BHOPAL
11. Length of Angle Bisectors, Medians & Altitudes :
1
2 b 2 + 2 c2 a 2
2
2
&
(iii) Length of altitude from the angle A = Aa =
a
3 2
2
2
2
NOTE : ma + m b + m c =
(a + b 2 + c 2 )
4
(ii) Length of median from the angle A = m a =
Example :
AD is a median of the ABC. If AE and AF are medians of the triangles ABD and ADC
respectively, and AD = m 1 , AE = m 2 , AF = m 3 , then prove that m 2 2 + m 3 2 2m 1 2 =
Solution.
In ABC
1
AD2 =
(2b 2 + 2c 2 a 2 ) = m 1 2
4
1
a2
In ABD, AE2 = m 2 2 =
(2c 2 + 2AD2
)
4
4
2
1 2 AD 2 + 2b 2 a
Similarly in ADC, AF 2 = m 3 2 =
4
4
by adding equations (ii) and (iii), we get
a2
.
8
4 AD2 + 2b 2 + 2c 2 a
2
1 2b 2 + 2c 2 a
= AD2 +
2
4
2
1 2b 2 + 2c 2 a 2 + a
= AD2 +
2
4
1
a2
= AD2 + (2b 2 + 2c 2 a2 ) +
4
8
2
a
= AD2 + AD2 +
8
2
a
= 2AD2 +
8
a2
= 2m 1 2 +
8
m 22 + m 32 =
.........(i)
.........(ii)
........(iii)
1
4
m 2 2 + m 3 2 2m 1 2 =
a2
8
AD2 = m 1 2
Hence Proved
4.
3s (a + b + c) = 24
s = 24
perimeter of ABC = 2s = 48 unit.
12. The Distances of The Special Points from Vertices and Sides of
Triangle:
(i)
Circumcentre (O)
OA = R & Oa = R cos A
(ii)
Incentre (I)
IA = r cosec
(iii)
Excentre (I 1)
(iv)
Orthocentre (H)
HA = 2R cos A & Ha = 2R cos B cos C
(v)
Centroid (G)
GA =
Example :
Solution.
A
& Ia = r
2
A
I 1 A = r 1 cosec
& I 1a = r1
2
1
2
2b 2 +2c 2 a 2 & Ga =
3
3a
If x, y and z are respectively the distances of the vertices of the ABC from its orthocentre,
then prove that
abc
a
c
b
(i)
+
+
=
(ii)
x y + z = 2(R + r)
xyz
x
z
y
x = 2R cosA, y = 2R cosB, z = 2R cosC

and
and
a = 2R sinA, b = 2R sinB, c = 2R sinC
a
c
b
+
+
= tanA + tan B + tan C
.........(i)
x
z
y
&
abc
........(ii)
xyz = tanA. tanB. tanC
We know that in a ABC
tanA = tanA
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
abc
a
c
b
+
+
=
xyz
x
z
y
x + y + z = 2R (cosA + cosB + cosC)
A
B
C
in a ABC
cosA + cosB + cosC = 1 + 4sin sin sin
2
2
2
A
B
C
x + y + z = 2R 1 + 4 sin . sin . sin

2
2
2
A
B
C
= 2 R + 4R sin . sin . sin

2
2
2
x + y + z = 2(R + r)
r = 4R sin
B
C
A
sin
sin
2
2
2
A
B
C
tan
tan .
2
2
2
1.
If be the incentre of ABC, then prove that A . B . C = abc tan
2.
If x, y, z are respectively be the perpendiculars from the circumcentre to the sides of ABC, then prove
abc
a
c
b
+
+
=
.
that
4 xyz
x
z
y
13. Orthocentre and Pedal Triangle:

The triangle KLM which is formed by joining the feet of the altitudes is called the Pedal Triangle.
(i) Its angles are 2A, 2B and 2C.
(ii) Its sides are a cosA = R sin 2A,
b cosB = R sin 2B and
c cosC = R sin 2C
(iii) Circumradii of the triangles PBC, PCA, PAB and ABC are equal.
14. Excentral Triangle:

The triangle formed by joining the three excentres 1 , 2 and 3 of ABC is called
the excentral or excentric triangle.
(i)
ABC is the pedal triangle of the 1 2 3.
(ii)
Its angles are
C
A B
& .
,
2 2
2 2 2 2
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In a ABC a = 5, b = 4, c = 3. G is the centroid of triangle, then find circumradius of GAB.

5
Ans.
13
12
3.
Self Practice Problem :
Incentre of ABC is the

orthocentre of the excentral
1 2 3.
15. Distance Between Special Points :

(i) Distance between circumcentre and orthocentre
OH2 = R2 (1 8 cosA cos B cos C)
(ii) Distance between circumcentre and incentre
A
B
C
O2 = R2 (1 8 sin
sin
sin
) = R2 2Rr
2
2
2
(iii) Distance between circumcentre and centroid
1
OG2 = R2 (a2 + b2 + c2)
9
Example :
In is the incentre and 1 , 2 , 3 are the centres of escribed circles of the ABC, prove that
1 . 2 . 3 = 16R2 r
(ii)
1 2 + 2 3 2 = 2 2 + 3 1 2 = 3 2 + 1 2 2
(i)
Solution.
(i)
We know that
A
B
C
1 = a sec , 2 = b sec
and 3 = c sec
2
2
2
C
A
B
1 2 = c. cosec , 2 3 = a cosec
and 3 1 = b cosec
2
2
2
A
B
C
1 . 2 . 3 = abc sec
sec .sec
........(i)
2
2
2
a = 2R sin A, b = 2R sinB and c = 2R sinC
equation (i) becomes

A
B
C
1 . 2 . 3 = (2R sin A) (2R sin B) (2R sinC) sec

sec
sec
2
2
2
A
A
B
B
C
C
2 sin cos 2 sin cos 2 sin cos

2
2
2
2
2
2
= 8R3 .
A
B
C
cos . cos . cos
2
2
2
A
B
C
A
B
C
= 64R3 sin sin sin
r = 4R sin sin sin

2 22
2
2
2
2
1 . 2 . 3 = 16R r
Hence Proved
2
(ii)
1 + 2 3 = 2 + 3 1 = 3 + 1 2
a2
A
A
+ a2 cosec 2
=
A
A
2
2
sin2 cos 2
2
2
A
A
16 R 2 sin 2 . cos 2
A
A
2
2
2
2
2
a = 2 R sinA = 4R sin
cos
1 + 2 3 =
= 16R
2 A
2 A
2
2
sin
. cos
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Similarly
we can prove 2 + 3 1 = 3 + 1 2 = 16R
Hence 1 2 + 2 3 2 = 2 2 + 3 1 2 = 3 2 + 1 2 2
Self Practice Problem :
1.
In a ABC, if b = 2 cm, c = 3 cm and A =
, then find distance between its circumcentre and
6
incentre.
Ans.
2 3 cm
1 + 2 3 = a 2 sec 2
(v)
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(iv)
A
,
2
B
C
4 R cos
& 4 R cos .
2
2
A
1 = 4 R sin
;
2
B
C
2 = 4 R sin ; 3 = 4 R sin .
2
2
Its sides are 4 R cos
(iii)

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Page : 1 of 21 PROPRETIES OF TRIANGLE

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We have to prove that

from sine rule, we know that

(b 2 c 2 ) cot A = k 2 (sin 2 B sin 2 C) cot A

sin 2 B sin 2 C = sin (B + C) sin (B C)

(b 2 c 2 ) cot A = k 2 sin (B + C) sin (B C) cotA

(b 2 c 2 ) cot A = k 2 sin A sin (B C)

Page : 2 of 21 PROPRETIES OF TRIANGLE

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Properties & Solution of Triangle

or a = b + c 2bc cos A = b 2 + c 2 + 2bc cos (B + C)

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We have to prove a (b cosC c cosB) = b 2 c 2 .

from cosine rule we know that

If in a ABC, A = 60 then find the value of 1 + + 1 + .

Self Practice Problems :

a 2 + ab + b 2 , then prove that the greatest angle is 120.

The sides of a triangle ABC are a, b,

In a triangle ABC prove that

(i) a = b cosC + c cosB

L.H.S. = a (b cosC c cosB)

From projection rule, we know that

L.H.S. = (b + c) cos A (c + a) cos B + (a + B) cos C

Page : 3 of 21 PROPRETIES OF TRIANGLE

b cos A + c cos A + c cos B + a cos B + a cos C + b cos C

Self Practice Problems

Find the unknown elements of the ABC in which a =

From law of tangent, we know that

From sine-rule, we know that

Self Practice Problem

In a ABC if b = 3, c = 5 and cos (B C) =

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4. Napiers Analogy - tangent rule:

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In a ABC, prove that

Page : 4 of 21 PROPRETIES OF TRIANGLE

5. Trigonometric Functions of Half Angles:

s(s a )(s b)(s c) =

Page : 5 of 21 PROPRETIES OF TRIANGLE

In a ABC if a, b, c are in A.P. then find the value of tan

b sinC (b cosC + c cosB) = 42

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(m + n) cot = m cot n cot

From the figure, we see that = 90 + B (as is external angle of ABD)

Now if we apply m-n rule in ABC, we get

2 tan B = cot (90 A)

t 1 = tan, t 2 = tan and t 3 = tan

from m-n rule , we get

3cot = 2 cot ( + ) cot

if we apply m-n rule in ADC, we get

3cot 3cot = 4cot ( + ) 2 cot

3cot cot = 4 cot ( + )