CALCULUS 1 MATH CLASS

1
Calculus 1 math class
Introduction

Here in this project, we try to minimize the area for a given volume, especially for
cylindrical shapes using Mathematics principles. We particularly intend to use calculus
principle maxima and minima. Here our objective is to minimize the total surface area (one
side open or both sides closed) for a given fixed volume. We normally come across
cylindrical shapes convenient for most of our storage items, including food items,
stationeries, games, toys, and other daily usable items. Here, we want to find the minimum
radius for which the volume is fixed with the total surface area being minimum. Since real
life problems can be dealt using numbers, problems involving geometric shapes necessitate
the use of mathematics. This project explains how one can minimize the total surface area for
a given volume so that the wastage is minimum. Therefore, we deal with cylindrical shapes in
relation to folded rectangles, triangles. and hexagon. The purpose is to minimize the cost of
production of cylindrical shapes for a fixed volume of 1000 cm3.1.

1. The volume of a cylinder is given by V0=r2h assuming that r is the radius and h is the
height. Let the cost to manufacture the cylinder is r. The total surface area is given by
We have to minimize A=2r(r+h)=2r2+2rh from the equation, 1000=r2h, we have
h=(1000/r^2), therefore A=2r2+2r(1000/r^2)= 2r2+2000/r, if we consider A as a
function of r, then A(r)=2r2+2000/r, then A(r)=4r-2000/r^2=4(r^3-500)/r^2
For minimization let us consider A(r)=0 and A(r)>0 at min(r).
Now A(r)=00=4(r^3-500)/r^2r=(500/)^(1/3) and h=1000/(r^2) and
h=1000/((500/)^(2/3))=2r =10.84r=5.42 and h/r=2 is the ratio of the height with radius.

2. 5 cylindrical products in a super market

CALCULUS 1 MATH CLASS

1. Pencil/pen holder
2. Toilet paper roll
3. Aerosol
4. Battery
5. Birthday cake candle.

3. In this problem, the total metal that is utilized to form the bottom or else top of the material
is (2r)2=4r2; Now the area which we would be minimizing is
A0=2rh+2(4 r2), but we have the volume of the cylinder as V0=r2h h=V0/r2 when we
substitute the value of h from V0 in A0 we have A0=2V0/r+8r2. Now for minimization we
should have dA0/dr=0 and d2A0/dr2>0, Now when differentiating A0 with respect to r and
equating to 0, we get the minimum value of r subject to d2A0/dr2>0 at minimum r.
dA0/dr=0 gives -2V0/r2+16r=0 16r3=2V0=2r2h16r3=2r2h h/r=8/2.55.
This ratio value satisfies the second order differential d2A0/dr2=16+4V0/r3>0.

4. Our target is to obtain the area of the metal used at each of the ends which is equal to the
area of the hexagon. Now, if we partition the hexagon into 6 triangles which are equal in area
and equilateral in which each of the triangle sharing one side with the hexagon, the length of
the altitude of the triangle will be l=2r tan(/6) (since the equilateral triangle has 60 degree
each angle and for drawing altitude we divide the angle into two equal halves which is 30
degree each). Therefore l=2r 1/sqrt(3)=2r/sqrt(3). The area of the triangle is
0.5lr=0.5.2r 1/sqrt(3).r=r2/sqrt(3) and we know that the total area of the given hexagon is the
sum of areas of all the 6 triangles = 6r2/sqrt(3)=2sqrt(3)r2. So, we have to minimize the
quantity A0=2h+2.2sqrt(3)r2, substituting the value of h in A0 and differentiating we have

CALCULUS 1 MATH CLASS

dA0/dr=0 2V0/r2+8sqrt(3)r=0 8sqrt(3)r2=2V0=2r2h h/r=4sqrt(3)/ =2.21 (approx) and

also this is minimum because d2A0/dr2=8sqrt(3)+4V0/r3>0 always. Hence the ratio of h to r
which minimizes the area is 2.21.

5. Let us consider an area A1=4sqrt(3)r2+2rh+k(4r+h) which can be the area of common

real cans which are frequently formed from discs with radius larger than r that are bent over
the ends, here c0 is a constant. Now A1 becomes A1= 4sqrt(3)r2+2rh+k(4r+h)
=4sqrt(3)r2+2r(V0/r2)+k(4r+V0/r2) Now consider
dA1/dr=8sqrt(3)r-2V0/r2+4k-2kV0/r3=0 and substituting V0/r2=h and
V0/r3=h/r as mentioned in 3rd and 4th subdivisions, we have 0=4sqrt(r)-h+2k-kh/r
k(2-h/r)=h-4sqr(3)r k/r . (2-h/r)/(h/r-4sqrt(3))=1, If we multiply by
(V0)^(1/3)/h we will be having (V0)^(1/3)/k . k/r=(V0/r)^(1/3)= (h/r)^(1/3) and we get
(V0)^(1/3)/k=(h/r)^(1/3).(2-h/r)/(h/r-4sqrt(3)).

6. We draw the graph of y=(V0)^(1/3)/k against x=h/r where the volume is always directly
proportional to k. taking y=(x)^(1/3).(2-x)/(x-4sqrt(3)) where the optimum value of h/r is
2.21
The graph is shown below

CALCULUS 1 MATH CLASS

Conclusion
We have successfully shown how to minimize the total surface area of a cylinder for a
fixed volume. We particularly evaluated the radius and the ratio of the height to radius which
was deeply involved in minimizing the total surface area for a fixed volume in cylindrical
shapes, not only that but also folded rectangles, hexagons, and equilateral triangles in relation
with cylinder. The main finding is that when the ratio between height and radius of a cylinder
is 2.21, it holds minimum surface area for a fixed volume of 1 cubic cm. This will enable the
manufacturers to produce such types of cylinders so that the cost involved in the preparation
of the cylindrical materials is minimized. After this project, we will be well versed to evaluate
the radius and height, so as to minimize the total area for a given fixed volume.