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5 authors, including:
Hatem Al_Aoh
University of Tabuk
University of Malaya
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Hatem A. AL-Aoh , Rosiyah Yahya , M. Jamil Maah & M. Radzi Bin Abas
To cite this article: Hatem A. AL-Aoh , Rosiyah Yahya , M. Jamil Maah & M. Radzi Bin Abas , Desalination and Water
Treatment (2013): Adsorption of methylene blue on activated carbon fiber prepared from coconut husk: isotherm, kinetics
and thermodynamics studies, Desalination and Water Treatment, DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2013.831794
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.831794
(2013) 113
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Tel. +60 176243656; email: issa_hatem2@yahoo.com
Received 26 April 2013; Accepted 18 June 2013
ABSTRACT
The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on activated carbon fiber (ACF) and granular
activated carbon (ACG) was studied in a batch system. The effects of initial concentration,
agitation time, solution pH, and temperature were examined. Adsorption isotherms were
described using both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. It was found that the Langmuir
model fits well with the experimental data. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order,
and intra-particle diffusion models were used to examine the kinetics data. The results
obtained showed that empirical kinetics data of both ACF and ACG were only well
described by the second-order model. It was observed that the ACF has adsorption performance higher than that of ACG. Adsorption thermodynamics parameters were estimated
and their values indicated that the adsorption of MB on ACF and ACG were endothermic
and spontaneous processes. Thermodynamic results also indicate that the adsorption of MB
on both adsorbents is by chemical interaction.
Keywords: Isotherm; Kinetics; Thermodynamics; Coconut husk fiber; Activated carbon fiber;
Methylene blue
1. Introduction
Methylene blue (MB) is the cationic dye that is
most commonly and continuously used for dyeing
cotton, wool, and silk [1]. Therefore, wastewater generated from industries related to the use and synthesis
of MB is always contaminated by this organic pollutant. MB is a toxic and carcinogenic material. The
toxic effects that have been described in animals
exposed to MB include hypothermia, hemoconcentration, acidosis, hypercapnia, hypoxia, increases in
blood pressure, corneal injury, changes in respiratory
frequency and amplitude, conjunctival damage, and
*Corresponding author.
1944-3994/1944-3986 2013 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
Table 1
Characteristics of the activated carbons
Type of activated carbon
5,435
4.043
1.479
2.564
29.76
36.582
63.418
7.8
1,061
0.559
0.328
0.231
21.06
58.68
41.32
6.7
Ce
1
Ce
qe qmax KL
qmax
1
ln qe ln KF ln Ce
n
1
1 KL C0
where KL is the Langmuir constant and C0 is the initial adsorbate concentration. The value of RL indicates
the type of isotherm to be either unfavorable (RL > 1),
linear (RL = 1), favorable (0 < RL < 1), or irreversible
(RL = 0).
The plots of Ce/qe vs. Ce and Lnqe against LnCe
are given in Figs. 6 and 7, respectively. The constants
of Langmuir (qmax and KL) and Freundlich (KF and n)
isotherm models with the corresponding correlation
Table 2
Langmuir and Freundlich parameters, and separation factors (RL) for the adsorption of MB on ACF and ACG
Adsorbent
ACF
ACG
Langmuir isotherm
Freundlich isotherm
2
qmax (mg/g)
KL (L/mg)
RL
500
250
0.286
0.121
0.0039
0.0091
0.999
0.996
KF (mg/g) (L/mg)1/n
1/n
R2
321.82
278.11
0.045
0.013
22.22
76.92
0.815
0.069
t
2:303
model
for
the
The linearized-integral form of the pseudo-secondorder kinetic model is represented by Eq. (5):
t
1
t
2
qt K2 qe qe
Table 3
Comparison of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models for the adsorption of MB onto ACF and ACG at two
initial dye concentrations and 30 1C
Adsorbent
C0 (mg/L)
qe,exp (mg/g)
Pseudo-first-order kinetics
model
qe,cal (mg/g)
K1 (min1)
R2
qe,cal (mg/g)
K2 (g/mg min)
R2
Rate
12.00
0.999
ACF
100
200
83.17
166.45
1.85
7.91
0.016
0.028
0.786
0.770
83.33
166.66
0.144
0.0060
1
1
ACG
100
200
83.20
165.87
20.23
73.79
0.028
0.009
0.884
0.788
90.91
166.66
0.0026
0.0004
0.990
0.988
0.24
0.067
Table 4
Parameter values of intra-particle diffusion model for the
adsorption of MB on ACF and ACG at two initial dye
concentrations and 30 1C
C0
(mg/L)
qe,exp
(mg/g)
ACF
100
200
ACG
100
200
Sample
Intra-particle diffusion
Kdif
(mg/g min1/2)
R2
83.17
166.45
0.057
1.903
82.46
145.80
0.657
0.559
83.20
165.87
1.819
6.603
62.08
69.79
0.808
0.796
10
11
Table 5
Thermodynamic parameters of MB adsorption onto ACF and ACG (T = 303, 318, and 333 K)
Initial concentration
(mg/L)
DH (kJ/mol)
400
500
600
700
54.48
74.80
97.65
109.17
400
500
600
700
69.20
41.28
34.67
31.19
Adsorbent
LnKC
KC
DH DS
RT
R
qe
P
Ce
DS (kJ/mol)
DG (kJ/mol)
303 K
318 K
333 K
0.273
0.323
0.389
0.421
28.24
23.07
20.22
18.39
32.33
27.91
26.05
24.71
36.43
32.76
31.89
31.02
0.290
0.196
0.171
0.158
18.67
18.11
17.14
16.68
23.02
21.05
19.71
19.05
27.37
23.99
22.27
21.42
12
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