e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] bf]>f] gu/ kl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t

aflif{s gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?

k'jf{wf/ tyf ;+/rgf ljsf; tkm{ M
!=

@=

#=

$=

%=

^=

ljut w]/} jif{ cufl8 b]lv rqmky lgdf{0f cjwf/0ff cfPklg xfn;Dd o:sf] 7f]; z'?jft
gePsf] / pkdxfgu/kflnsf ePkl5 /]vf+sg Pj+ ;Ldfg k'gM ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n]
;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u Jofks 5nkmn ul/ cfufdL cf=j=)&#.&$ df o:fsf] ;+efJotf cWoog
Pj+ lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/g]5 . o:sf nflu ?= !% kGw| nfv ljlgof]hg
ul/Psf] 5 .
rfn' cf=j= b]lv nfu' x'g] u/L ;fj{hlgs lglh ;fem]bf/L -PPP_ sfo{qmd cGt{ut slDtdf
!) j6f kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;+efJotf cWoog, cGo k|fljlws sfo{ tyf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog
u/fpg ?= @% nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} o; sfo{nfO{ cfufdL cf=j= )&#.&$ df
;d]t lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .
ut cf=a= b]lv ;~rfngdf /x]sf qmdfut of]hgfx?nfO{ k|fyldstfd} /fvL ;DkGg ul/g]5
qmdfut of]hgfx?sf] rfknfO{ sd ug]{ gLlt lnO{Psf] 5 . To;} u/L ut cf=a= d} ;~rfng
eO{ sf/0fjz e'QmfgL x'g g;s]sf qmdfut of]hgfx?sf nflu o; cf=a= df e'QmfgL ug{ yk
? ! s/f]8 %) nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
;fljs e/tk'/ gu/kflnsf leqsf clwsf+z ;8sx?sf] nut s6\6f gePsf]n] ;f] k|lqmof
cufl8 j9fpg ;DjlGwt lgsfo;+u 5nkmn ul/ cfufdL cf=j= )&#.&$ df nut s6\6f ug{
gfkL sfof{nojf6 k|fljlws ;xof]u lnO{ sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ?= % nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
;fljssf] lbofnf] a+unf, xfn g]kfn 6i6sf] hUufnfO{ pQm ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo d'tfljs s]xL
cfDbfgL ;d]t ug]{ u/L ;+rfng clwsf/ o; pdgkfdf dfu ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 . lbofnf]
j+unfnfO{ ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k/fdz{df s'g} pko'Qm ljlw dfkm{t ;+rfng u/L /fhdfu{
k"j{sf] If]qdf jfn pBfg lgdf{0f ug]{ gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . pQm pBfgsf] nflu ;+efJotf
cWoog Pj+ lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg DPR tof/ ug{ /sdsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df b]zs} kfFrf} pkdxfgu/kflnsf e/tk'/df k|r'/ ljsf;sf ;+efjgf
ePtf klg xfn;Dd :t/Lo /+uzfnf, k|bz{gL :yn, ;ef ;Dd]ng s]Gb|, k':tsfno, ;+u|xfno
cflb gePsf] x'bf+ ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu pko'St hUufsf] vf]hL ul/g], tyf ;+rflnt ;+:yfsf]
:t/f]Gglt ul/g] 5 . lj:tfl/t j8fx?df hdLg pknAw ePdf ljsf;nfO{ ljs]Gb|Lt ug{
;d]t ;xof]u k'Ug hfg]5 . hdLgsf] 6'\uf] nfu]sf] cj:yfdf cfof]hgf tof/Lsf] nflu
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo cWoog ug{ cfjZos kg]{ jh]6sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
1

&=

*=

(=

!)=

!!=

!!=

!@=

!#=

pkdxfgu/kflnsf;+u ;Demf}tf gu/L cfkm' v'MzL of]hgf ;~rfng ePsf] kfO{Pdf To:tf]
of]hgfdf s'g} klg e'QmfgL lbO{g] 5}g . ? %-kfFr_ nfv eGbf j9Lsf cfof]hgfsf] xsdf
cfof]hgfsf] ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/L lbg] xf]l8 jf]8{ clgjfo{ ?kdf /fVg' kg]{ sfo{nfO{ o;
cf=a= df klg lg/Gt/tf lbO{Psf] 5 .
kf/blz{tf a[l4sf nflu ? % nfv eGbf j9Lsf cfof]hgfx?sf] ;DkGg kZrft of]hgf ;DaGwL
ljj/0f klqsfdf clgjfo{ k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 . :yfgLo
hg;xeflutf jfktsf] /sd e'QmfgL gug]{ JolQmx?sf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldlt,
6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt tyf ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] l;kmfl/;df sfnf] ;"rLdf /fvLg] 5 . To:tf
JolQm tyf ;+:yfnfO{ gu/kflnsfaf6 k|bfg u/Lg] ;]jf, ;'ljwf jGb ul/g] gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbOPsf] 5 .
gu/sf] cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 ;8ssf] Kofrjs{ sfo{ ug{ ?= &% nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
o;af6 e/tk'/sf] zx/L ;8sx? lju|g'k"j{ g} dd{t ;Def/ eO{ zx/sf] ;'Gb/tf j[4L ub}{
b'3{6gf Go"lgs/0fdf of]ubfg k'Ug] ljZjf; lnO{Psf] 5 .
ljBdfg $ lkm6 eGbf cUnf kvf{nx? h'g e'sDkLo b[li6n] hf]lvd o'St Pj+ sRrf lsl;dn]
lgdf{0f ePsf kvf{n nfO{ { {j:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f ;DjGwL cfwf/e"t
lgdf{0f dfkb08@)&@ adf]lhd To:tf kvf{nx? eTsfpg nufOg] 5 . ;fy} cj aGg]
kvf{nx? Dffkb08 adf]lhd pkdxfgu/kflnsfjf6 :jLs[lt lnO{ lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{5 . of] gLlt
;/sf/L sfof{nosf] xsdf ;d]t nfu" x'g]5 .
cfufdL % jif{ leq ;x/L If]q j8f g+= !,@,#,$ / !) leqsf ^ dL= b]lv * dL= rf}8fO{
;Ddsf ;8sx?nfO{ jftfj/0f d}qL -Enter Locking Mosaic Tile_ Pj+ k"0f{ lkr u/fpg]
cjwf/0ff jdf]lhd sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 .
&) k|ltzt eGbf j9L hg;xeflutf h'6fpg] pkef]Stfx?jf6 cfPsf of]hgfx? dfu]s}
;dodf 5gf}6 ul/ ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 . ;fy} o:fsf nflu ?= %)
nfv dfq pkdxfgu/kflnsfjf6 ;dk"/s sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] ;+rfng ug]{ 7"nf cfof]hgfx?sf] ;+efJotf cWoog u/fpg ?= @%
nfv dfq ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . rfn' cf=j= df ;d]t o; k|of]hgsf] nflu ? #) nfv
ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 pdgkfdf l8lkcf/ -DPR_ ag]sf cfof]hgfx?sf] ;"rL tof/
x'g] / nufgL h'6fpg pkof]uL x'g] ljZjf; lnO{Psf] 5 .
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]q leq cjl:yt kl6xfgL If]q tyf d+unk'/ If]qnfO{ gu/s} k|d'v
ko{6sLo If]qsf] ?kdf lj:tf/ ug{ ;+efJotf cWoog Pj+ lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/
ug]{ sfo{sf nflu ?= !% nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .

!$= o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ljBdfg /0fg}lts ;8sx? -@@dL=!^dL= ;8s clwsf/ If]q_

sf] :t/f]Gglt ;lxt lkr k'gMlgdf{0f ug{ xfn sfod /x]sf] hg;xeflutf k|ltzt #) -tL;_
jf6 36fO{ @%-kRrL;_ k|ltzt sfod ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .
!%= o; e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cfGtl/s cfo Pj+ s]Gb|Lo cg'bfg dfkm{t ;+rflnt
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf cfof]hgf?n] dfq :yfgLo gu/af;Lx?sf] ljsfzsf] rfxgf k'/f ug{
c;+ej e}/x]sf] ;Gbe{df gu/ ljsfz sf]ifaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd %) -krf;_ k|ltzt /
C0f /sd dWo] $)-rfnL;_ k|ltzt :yfgLo pkef]Qmfx?n] axg ug{ :jLsf/ u/]df af+sL
!)-bz_ k|ltzt pddxfgu/kflnsf sf]if dfkm{t Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . of] ljlwnfO{ cfufdL
cf=j= )&#&$ df ;d]t lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 .
!^= gu/ oftfoft u'?of]hgf tof/ kZrft sfof{Gjogdf NofOg] 5 . gu/ oftfoft
u'?of]hgf-MTMP_ sf] lgdf{0f kZrft gu/sf] of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, /fhZj
kl/rfng nufotsf ljljw sfo{df of] u'?of]hgf ;xof]uL ;fljt x'g]5 .
!&= o; pkdxfgu/kflnsf leq ul/g] ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] Pj+ e/kbf]{ u/fpg rfn'
cf=j=df Pp6f tyf cfufdL cf=j= leq csf]{ Pp6f pko'St :yfgdf ;]jf s]Gb| lgdf{0f
ul/g]5 .
!*= o; pkdxfgu/kflnsf leq cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf xfn;Dd gu/ k':tsfno gePsf] cj:yfdf
ljBdfg /x]sf s'g} Ps k':tsfno jf ;flxToLs ;+:yf ;+u ;+emf}tf ul/ cfufdL cf=j= b]lv
gu/ k':tsfno gfdfs/0f ug{ kxn ul/g] 5 . o'jfx?nfO{ nlIft u/L pdgkfsf] nufgLdf
pQm k':tsfnonfO{ k|ljlwdf cfj4 u/L -Digital Library_ sf] ?kdf cufl8 a9fOg] 5 . o;
k|of]hgsf] nflu ?= % nfv Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
!(= Ps 3/ b'O{ ?v, ckf d}qL, jfnd}qL, tyf e'sDk k|lt/f]wfTds ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ gLlt,
Pj+ k|ToIf /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug]{ sDtLdf Ps cfof]hgf dlxnf s} ;xeflutfdf dfq ;~rfng
ug]{ h:tf sfo{ o; cf=a= df klg lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 . b[li6 ljxLgx?nfO{ ;]t o'Qm 6fon
nufO{ Pp6f gd"gf km'6kfy agfO{g] 5 .
@)= xl/t ejg -Environment Friendly Building_ sf] dfkb08 k'/f ePsf ejgsf] gSzf kf; tyf
3/ hUuf s/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ nfUg] s/df yk !) k|ltzt 5'6 lbO{g] 5 . o;} u/L c08/
u|fp08 kfls{ agfpg] ejgdf !) -bz k|ltzt_ gSzfkf; b:t'/df 5'6sf] Joj:yf u/Lg]
5 . o;af6 kfls{ :yn tyf ;8sdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfk sd x'g] ljZjf; lnO{Psf] 5 .
@!= e"pkef]u of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ j:tL ljsf; ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f ;DjGwL
cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08@)&@ jdf]lhd hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmd, hUuf v08Ls/0f
-Land Planning and Plotting_ sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgsf] nflu hUuf ljsf; x'g] d'Vo
:yfg;Dd k'Ug] d'Vo ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf * dL= To;kl5sf] zfvf ;8ssf] rf}8fO{
3

^ dL= x'g' kg]{ gLlt cjnDjg u/LPsf] 5 . ;fy} e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]q leq gofF
vf]lng] ;Dk"0f{ ;8sx?sf] Go"gtd rf}8fO{ ^ dL= x'g5
] . Go"gtd rf}8fO{ ^ dL= eGbf sd
;8sx?df s'g} klg of]hgf nfu' ug{ pkdxfgu/ jfWo x'g] 5}g .
@@= ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] a:tL ljsf;, zx/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f
;DaGwL cfwf/e"t dfu{bz{g, @)&@ hf/L u/L ljz]if gu/kl/ifb\ dfkm{t :jLs[t u/L
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;j} gu/kflnsfx?nfO{ kl/kq u/]sf], To; kZrft g]kfn ;/sf/
-dlGqkl/ifb\_n] ;d]t ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] kl/dflh{t dfkb08 nfu' ug]{ lg0f{o u/L k'gM kl/kq
ePsf] tyf o; pdgkfdf o; k"j{ cf=j= @)^*^( b]lv /fli6o ejg ;+xLtf@)^) nfu"
e} ;s]sf] ;Gbe{df o; k"j{ nfu" ePsf] ejg ;+xLtf, gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] u/]sf gLltut
lg0f{ox?, pdgkfsf af]8{ tyf kl/ifb\n] ;do ;dodf u/]sf ljz]if lg0f{ox? -g]kfn ;/sf/n]
lbPsf] dfu{bz{g ;+u aflemPsfsf] xsdf :jtM jb/ x'g]u/L, gjflemPsfsf] xsdf dfq_, tyf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] e"sDk kZrft tof/ u/L kqfrf/ u/]sf b'j} dfkb08x?sf] k[i7e"dLdf,
gu/kflnsfx?n] cfkm\gf] dfkb08 cfkm}+ :jLs[t ug{ kfpg] eGg] ;f]xL dfkb08sf] bkmf !&
n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L o; pdgkfsf] a:tL ljsf;, ;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f
;DaGwL cfwf/e"t dfkb08, @)&@ :jLs[t u/L nfu" ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 .
@#= gf/fo0fL gbL lsgf/nfO{ Ps dgf]/d ko{6sLo :ynsf] ?kdf kl/jt{g ul/ gu/sf] cfo ;|f]t
a[l4 ug]{ sfo{df pkof]usf nflu lrtjg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+usf]
cfk;L 5nkmn ul/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] k|d'vsf] g]t[Tjdf Ps pRr :t/Lo ;ldlt u7g
ul/ sfo{ cufl8 j9fpg cf=j= )&#.)&$ b]lv nfu" x'g] ul/ ?= !%| nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf]
5 .
@$= gS;f kf; ;DaGwdfM
s= o; e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08@)&@ nfu" k"j{ gS;f
kf; k|s[ofdf /x]sf !& ld6/eGbf sd prfO{sf] ejgn] e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsff/f nfu"
ul/Psf] ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 tyf ;8s P]g cg';/0f u/]sf], ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L hUuf
cltqmd0f gu/]sf] cj:yfdf @)&@ df3 ! ut] b]lv @)&# kf}if d;fGt leqsf] ;do lbO{
gS;f kf; ug{ cfx\jfg ubf{ ejg :jfldTjstf{n] pQm ejg tTsflng dfkb08 cg';f/
/x]sf] eGg] k|fljlws k|ltj]bg ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf :yfgLo lgsfon] tf]s]sf] k|lqmof k'ofO{
gS;f kf; u/L lbg]5 . of] Joj:yf cg';f/ lgj]bg glbPsf / ;8s, ;/sf/L, P]nfgL, klt{
hUuf cflb cltqmd0f u/]sf ejgx? pdgkfn] eTsfpg nufpg] jf eTsfpg]5 .
v=
o; cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08 nfu" x'g k"j{ o; e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
ufleg cfPsf gofF j8fx?df -j8f g+= !% b]lv @( ;Dd_ tTsflng uf=lj=;= x'Fbf ejg
4

;+lxtf nfu' gePsf]df pQm j8fx?df lgdf{0f ePsf ejgx?n] ;8s P]g cg';/0f u/]sf],
;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L hUuf cltqmd0f gu/]sf] , ;8s clwsf/ If]qaf6 5f]8\g' kg]{ ;]6 Jofs
cflb 5f]8]/ lgdf{0f ePsf] cj:yfdf @)&@ df3 ! ut] b]lv @)&# kf}if d;fGt leq e/tk'/
pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] gS;f kf; b:t'/df cfjfl;o ejgdf kRrL; k|ltzt / Jofkfl/s
ejgdf kGw| k|ltzt 5'6 lbO{ gS;f kf; u/L cfKfm\gf] clen]vdf /fVg]5 .
u= o; e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cfwf/e"t lgdf{0f dfkb08@)&@ nfu" k"j{ gS;f
kf; e} lgdf{0f ePsf ejgx? xfn lgdf{0f x'g] qmddf :jLs[t gS;f eGbf km/s lgdf{0f
ePsf] b]lvPsf]df pQm k|s[ltsf ejgx?n] ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 -tTsflng ;8s clwsf/
If]q tyf ;]6 Jofs_ tyf ;8s P]g cg';/0f u/]sf], ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L hUuf cltqmd0f
gu/]sf] cj:yfdf @)&@ df3 ! ut] b]lv @)&# kf}if d;fGt leqsf] ;dodf gS;f ;+;f]wg
ul/ gS;f kf; ug{ tyf lgdf{0f ;DkGg lng cfx\jfg ubf{ ejg :jfldTjstf{n] pQm ejg
tTsflng dfkb08 cg';f/ /x]sf] eGg] k|fljlws k|ltj]bg ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf e/tk'/
pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] yk ePsf] If]qkmnsf] gS;f kf; b:t'/ k|lt ju{ lkm6 ?= #) -tL;_ lnO{
gS;f kf; tyf lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq lbO{g]5 .
3= o; e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfaf6 gS;f kf; u/L lgdf{0f ePsf ejgx?df tnf yk
ug{sf] nflu tTsflng gS;f kf; ePsf] ;8s dfkb08, ;8s clwsf/ If]q tyf ;]6 Jofs
k"/f ePsf, tyf ;8s P]g cg';/0f u/]sf], ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L hUuf cltqmd0f gu/]sf]
cj:yfdf / /fli6o ejg ;+lxtf@)^) cg';f/ cfjZostf ePdf e"sDkLo ;'b[9Ls/0f
-Retrofitting_ ;lxt tnf yksf] cg'dlt k|bfg ul/g]5 .
@% = :yfgLo ;8ssf] If]qflwsf/ (Right of Way: Row) :
s=gofF lgdf{0f x'g] ;8ssf] If]qflwsf/ ;f] ;8ssf] s]Gb| /]vfaf6 Go"gtd # ld6/ sfod
ul/Psf] 5 .
v=of] dfkb08 nfu" x'g' cufj} sfod /x]sf / :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L ejgx? lgdf{0f eO;s]sf
%) ld6/ eGbf 5f]6f af6f] (Cul-de-Sac/dead-end) sf] If]qflwsf/ of] af6f]sf] s]Gb| /]vfaf6
Go"gtd @-b'O{_ ld6/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
u=:jLs[lt k|fKt u/L ejgx? lgdf{0f eO;s]sf $-rf/_ ld6/eGbf sd rf}8f ;fj{hlgs
;8sx?sf] If]qflwsf/ ;f] ;8ssf] s]Gb| /]vfaf6 @-b'O{_ ld6/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
3=s'g} klg af6fsf] 3'DtL jf df]8sf] Go"gtd cw{Jof; #=% ld6/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 . oL
pka"Fbf v, u / 3 cg';f/ rf}8f u/]sf] af6f]df ejg lgdf{0f ug{ ;]6Aofs 5f8\g' kg]{5}g .
@^= 3/ kl/jf/ / ;d'bfo b'a}sf] k|fs[lts hf]lvdx?;Fu ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtf j[l4 ug{ k|lzIf0f
sfo{qmdx?sf] dfWodaf6 ;d'bfodf kof{Kt hfgsf/L lbg / ljkb\;Fu h'em\g] Ifdtf ljsf;
ug{ cfjZos sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g]5 . gofF ejg lgdf{0f ubf{ e"sDk k|lt/f]wfTds
5

agfOg] / k'/fgf ejgx?nfO{ e"sDkLo ;'b[9Ls/0f (Retrofitting) ug]{ k|fjwfgnfO{ sfof{Gjog

ug{' kg]{5 . v'nf 7fpF, ;fd'bflos ejgx? / cGo ;fd'bflos ;'ljwfx?sf] plrt Joj:yfkg
u/L j:tL leqsf] ;fdflhs ;DaGwnfO{ uf9f agfpg k|f]T;fxg ug{' kg]{5 . ;fy} sDtLdf Ps
j8f Ps v'nf If]q (Open Space) sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cufl8 a9fO{Psf] 5 .
@&= k'/fgf ejgx?nfO{ e"sDkLo ;'b[9Ls/0f (Retrofitting) ug]{ ;Gbe{df j8f g++ & sf] j8f
sfof{Nfo ejgsf] Retrofitting Design ug{ NSET nfO{ cg'/f]w e} Design e};s]sf]df @)&@
df3 @ ut]sf] e'sDk ;"/Iff lbj;sf] cj;/df pQm ejgsf] e"sDkLo ;'b[9Ls/0f
(Retrofitting) ug]{ sfo{sf] z'ef/De ul/g]5 / pQm kl/of]hgfnfO{ NSET sf] k|fljlws
;xof]u / nfut ;xeflutfdf gd'gf kl/of]hgfsf] ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
@*= xfn b]z el/sf ;Dk"0f{ gu/kflnsfx?df /fli6o ejg ;+lxtf@)^) sfof{Gjog e};s]sf]
;Gbe{df k|To]s gu/kflnsfn] cfcfkm\g} tl/sfn] gS;f kf; ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf pQm gS;f
kf; sfo{ljlw tyf /fli6o ejg ;+lxtf@)^) sfof{Gjog k|s[ofdf Ps ?ktf NofO{ ejg
;+lxtf sfof{Gjog tyf a'emfO{df ;xhtf / :ki6tf Nofpg] p]Zon]] NSET -e"sDk k|ljlw
/fli6o ;dfh_sf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf cGo ;xefuL gu/kflnsfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf tof/
u/]sf] gS;fkf; kmf/d / gS;f kf; sfo{ljlwnfO{ :jLs[t ul/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf]
5.
@(= ;/sf/L ejg, ;a} k|sf/sf Jofkfl/s ejg, ;a} k|sf/sf ;F:yfut ejg, ;a} k|sf/sf
;fj{hlgs ejg, ;a} k|sf/sf ;ef ;Dd]ng ejg / !)-bz_ cfgf eGbf a9L If]qkmndf
ag]sf s'n If]qkmn @%))=)) j=kmL= eGbf a9L ePsf cfjflzo ejgx?sf] gS;f kf; tyf
ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq k|bfg ubf{ pQm ejgx?df k|of]u x'g] s'n phf{sf] @% k|ltzt
jf !%)) jf6 h'g a9L x'G5, ;f]xL Ifdtfsf] ;f}o{ phf{ h8fg u/]/ dfq ejgsf] gS;f kf;
/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|df0fkq k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 .
#)= pdgkfdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]unfO{ k|fyldstfdf /flvg] 5 . pdgkfsf] df]jfOn Pk t}of/
e} ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;nfO{ cfufdL s]xL lbgdf g} ;fj{hlgs ug]{ t}of/L e} /x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5' . o;sf] ;fy} WeGO sf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ug]{
Software sf] h8fg e} ;s]sf] / o;sf] kl/If0fsf] sfo{ e} /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} cfufdL
s]xL lbgdf o;sf] klg ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w 5 . ;"rgf
k|ljlwdf pdgkfn] u'0ffTds km8\sf] dfg]{ of]hgf ;lxt o;sf] nflu cfjZos ;j{/
nufotsf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ bz nfv jh]6 k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .
#!= pkdxfgu/kflnsfaf6 ;~rfng x'g] of]hgfx?df clwstd hg;xeflutf x'g] of]hgfx?nfO{
klxnf] k|fyldstf lbO{g] 5 . gu/kflnsfsf] jt{dfg %)M%) sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ sfod} u/LPsf]
5 . ;fj{hlgs tyf ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] hUuf, ag, ;'s'Djf;L tyf ljkGg j:tL /x]sf]
6

cj:yfdf % b]lv @) k|ltzt ;Dd hg;xeflutf sd ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf u/LPsf]5 .

lj:tfl/t j8fx?sf u|fdL0f al:tdf ;d]t of] ;'ljwf pknAw x'g] 5 .
#@= pHofnf] e/tk'/, ;'/lIft e/tk'/ sf] cjwf/0ff jdf]lhd ;f}o{ ;8s jQL h8fgnfO{
cleofgsf] ?kdf cufl8 nlug] 5 . ;j{k|yd ahf/sf] d'Vo ;8s tyf rf]sx?df jlQ h8fg
ub}{ o;nfO{ qmdzM ;xfos dfu{, 6f]n tyf al:tx?df lj:tf/ ul/g] 5 . o;af6 ;8s
jQLsf] dxz'ndf sdL cfO{ pdgkfsf] bL3{sfnLg Jooef/ sd x'Fb} hfg], tyf gljs/0fLo
phf{dfkm{t zx/L ;'Gb/tf a[l4, ;+WofsfnLg Pj+ /flqsflng Joj;fo a[l4, ;'/Iff If]qdf
;'wf/, cfly{s ultljlwsf] lj:tf/ tyf pHofnf] gu/sf] cleofgdf of]ubfg k'Ug] ljZjf;
lnPsf] 5' . ;8s jQL Joj:yfkg ug{ s'n ?= %) nfv ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
##= h'g;'s} lzif{saf6 ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] ePtfklg h'g cfly{s aif{sf] nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg
ul/Psf] xf], ;f]xL cfly{s aif{df cfof]hgf ;DkGg ul/;Sg' kg]{ gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . tf]lsPsf]
cfly{s aif{df cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog gePdf ;fdfGotM csf]{ cfly{s aif{df bfloTj ;fl/g] 5}g
. k"jf{wf/hGo cfof]hgfx?sf] xsdf ;DalGwt cf=a= sf] r}q d;fGt ;Dd ;Demf}tf u/L
sfof{Gjog cl3 j9fO{;Sg' kg]{ bfloTj pkef]Qmf ;ldlt tyf pkef]Qmfx?sf] x'g]5 . ;f] cjlw
;Dd ;Demf}tf x'g gcfPsf of]hgfx?nfO{ j9L nfut ;xeflutf x'g] of]hgfx? ;+rfng ug]{
u/L /sdfGt/ ug]{ gLlt lnOg] 5 .
#$= l8lehg ;8s sfof{nosf] cg'dlt lnO{ pdgkfsf d'Vo k|j]zdfu{x?df k|j]z 4f/ lgdf{0fsf]
k|s[of z'? ul/g] 5 . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu cfufdL cf=j=df ;DefJotf cWoog ug{ ah]6
ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . o;} u/L gu/sf] s'g} plrt rf]s tyf :yfgdf Pp6f snfTds
Clock Tower lgdf{0f ug{ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnx? ;+u ;fem]bf/L ul/g] 5 . o; k|of]hgsf]
nflu plrt :yfgsf] klxrfg ;lxt pdgkfdf k|:tfj Nofpg gu/af;Lx?df cfu|x ul/Psf]
5.
#%= gu/:t/Lo ;8s u'?of]hgf (MTMP) sf] lgdf{0f kZrft ;8s gfdfgsf] sfo{ ;DkGg x'g]
;fy} ;8ssf] kl5Nnf] cj:yf PsLg x'g] ePsf]n] ;8s ;+s]t lrGg tyf 3/ g+= ljt/0f
sfo{sf] cleofg ;+rfng ul/g] 5 / o;sf] nflu 6f]nljsf; ;+:yf ;+u ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/L
ul/g] 5 .
#^= g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ejg tyf ;"rgf s]Gb|df cfjZos kmlg{r/ Pj+ g]kfn k|]; o'lgogsf]
zfvf sfof{no lgdf{0fdf ;fem]bf/L ug{ tLg nfv ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5' .
#&= o; pkdxfgu/kflnsf cGtu{t k"jf{wf/ tyf ;+/rgf d'Vou/L ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ cfufdL
cf=a= )&#&$ b]lv ;fO{sndfu{ -Cycle Track_ lgdf{0fnfO{ ;d]t ljz]if k|f]T;fxg lbg] gLlt
cjnDjg u/LPsf] 5 .

#*= gu/jf;Lx?nfO{ zx/L ;]jf pknAw u/fpg cfjZos kg]{ ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnosf] nflu
cfjZos hUuf klxrfg u/L o;} cf=a= af6 ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno / ;'/IfLt vfg]kfgL
lgdf{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 . o; sfo{sf] nflu ;fj{hlgs gLlh ;fem]bf/L
cjwf/0ff cg';f/ cufl8 al9g] 5 .
#(= cGt/fli6o :t/sf] v]n d}bfg, ;ef ;Dd]ng s]Gb|, kz'jwzfnf, t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'nsf] yf]s
jhf/, c6f] len]h, k|bz{gL :yn, cf}Bf]lus If]q h:tf pkgkfsf] nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0fsf] nflu hUufsf] klxrfg ug'{ h?/L e} ;s]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{x?nfO{ qmdzM 5nkmndf
NofO{, hUufsf] klxrfg ub}{, k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog nufotsf sfo{x? ug{ ?= % nfv
ljlgof]lht ul/Psf] 5 .
$)= ahf/, k;n, /]i6'/f, sfof{no jf o:t} k|sf/sf ;fO{gjf]8{, k|rf/ ;fdfu|L tyf xf]l8{ jf]8{n]
3/df pHofnf] tyf xfjfsf] k|jfx g} /f]Sg] u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] o:tf] k|rf/ tyf ;+s]t ;fdfu|L
/fVgsf] nflu dfkb08 tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 .
$!= pdgkf leqsf ;8sx?sf] Right of way df ag]sf ;+/rgfnfO{ x6fpg] cleofg ;~rfng
ug{ cfjZos ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . dfkb08 ljkl/tsf ;+/rgfnfO{ qmdzM x6fpb}
nlug] 5 .

hg;+Vof tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; ;ldlt tkm{ M

ljsf; eg]sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] dfq geO{ dfgljo / ;fdflhs cfofdx?sf] ;sf/fTds /
u'0ffTds ljsf; ;d]t xf] . To;}n] dfgljo / ;fdflhs ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df lgDgfg';f/sf] If]qut
gLltx? cjnDag u/L nfu" ul/g]5 .
-s_ jfnjflnsf M xfd|f] afnaflnsf xfd|f] eljio
!= g]kfn ;/sf/af6 hf/L ul/Psf] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gM /fli6o /0fgLlt @)^* tyf
sfof{Gjog sfo{lalw @)^* adf]lhd afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] cjnDag ug]{ gLltnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbO{ cfufdL la=;= @)&^ ;fn;Dddf o; e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ afnd}qL
gu/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ cleofgnfO{ d"t{?k lbg tf]lsPsf] ;"rsx?sf cfwf/df ah]6 tyf sfo{s|dx?
th'{df u/L afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|j{g sfo{s|d cem k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
@= lhNnf hg:jf:Yo, gu/leqsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?, /fli6o tyf cGt{/fli6o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?,
dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf tyf ;'/lIft dft[Tj ;~hfn cflbnfO{ kl/rfng u/L afn tyf dft[
:jf:Yo, Pr cfO{ eL ;DaGwL hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug]{, afn tyf dft[ d[To'b/ 36fpg lgoldt
vf]k, le6fldg P sfo{qmd Pj+ ;'/lIft lzz' tyf dft[Tj ;DaGwL hgr]tgfd'ns sfo{qmdx?
8

;+rfng ul/g]5 . ;fy} ;+alGwt ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf
vf]ksf] kx"r gk'u]sf lkl58f ;d'bfo nlIftsf nfuL yk sfo{s|dx? ;d]t ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
#= afn>d sfg"gL / ;dfdflhs ck/fw xf] . t;y{ pdgkf leq ;+rfng x'g] sfo{ tyf
s[ofsnfkx?df afn>ldssf] k|of]u / kl/rfngnfO{ lgif]w ul/g] gLltsf] cjnDjg ul/g]5 .
o;sf nflu pkdxfgu/kflnsf leq /x]sf s'g} klg AoQmL, 3/ / kl/jf/df afn>d k|of]u
ul/Psf] k|df0fLt ePdf b08Lt ug]{ gLlt lnO{Psf]5 .
$= pkdxfgu/kflnsf leq /x]sf 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, j8f ;ldlt dfkm{t 6f]n / j8fnfO{
afn>d d'Qm 3f]if0ff cleofg s|dzM ;+rnfg ug]{ gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g]5 . ;fy} afn>d
k|of]u gug]{ k|ltj4tfsf] x:tfIf/ cleofg ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
%= Affn >d zf]if0f lj?4sf] cleofgnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfOg] 5 . jfn lxt / ;+/If0fsf
sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g] 5 . afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g] ;j} k|sf/sf lx+;f, b'Jojxf/, a]rljvg,
oftgf, ckx/0f / e]befj d"Qm agfpg cfjZos sfo{ of]hgf / ;+/If0f k|0fnL o;} cf=j= df
th'{df ul/ ;f] sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog NofO{g] 5 . o;sf nfuL ;/sf/L / /fli6o tyf
cGt{/fli6o ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]u ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf afn>d, ;8s afnaflnsf nufot cGo
c;xfo, kl/jf/ ljxLg tyf hf]lvddf /x]sf afnjflnsfx?sf] klxrfg, p4f/ tyf k'g{:yfkgfsf
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . o;sf nflu cNksflng jfn ;+/If0f cf>o
:yn -Transit Home_ sf] :yfkgf, ;+rfng Pj+ Aofj:yfkgfdf bft[ lgsfo, ;/sf/L tyf u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfx? ;+u ;xof]u, ;xsfo{ / ;dGjo ul/g]5 .
^= hGd btf{ afnaflnsfsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf] . afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ cleofg k|To]s j8f
j8fdf /fhg}lts kf6L{, gful/s d~r, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;ldlt,
ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh ;+usf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{df j8f ;ldlt dfkm{t ;+rfng
ul/g]5 .
&= pkdxfgu/kflnsf] of]hgf th'{df, sfo{s|d / cg'udgdf afnafnlsfx?sf] cy{k"0f{
;xeflutfdf / j8f tyf gu/ afn ;+hfnsf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf] ;fy} k|efjsf/L ls|oflzntfdf
hf]8 lbg] gLlt lnO{Psf]5 .
*= o'lg;]km nufotsf /fli6o tyf cGt{/fli6o ljsf; ;fe]mbf/x?sf] ;xof]u, ;dGjo /
;fe]mbf/Ldf e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf nfO{ la=;+= @)&^ ;fn ;Dddf jfnd}qL gu/ 3f]if0ff ug{
cfjZos ;"rsx? k'/f ug{ /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 . o;sf nflu
afnsf]ifaf6 afnaflnsf ;+aGwL k|j4{gfTds sfo{s|dx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ;+rfng ul/g] gLlt
lnO{Psf] 5 .
9

-v_ :jf:YoM tkm{ M

!= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt adf]lhd pkdxfgu/kflnsfaf6 gu/af;Lx?sf] cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo
;]jfdf kx'r k'\ofpg] x]t'n] k|To]s j8fdf s|dzM gu/ :jf:Yo s]Gb| :yfkgf / ;+rfng ug]{ gLlt
lnO{Psf] 5 . o; cf=j= af6} j8f g+= !$ df yk Ps gu/ :jf:Yo s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/ ;]jf lj:tf/
ul/g] 5 . pQm s]Gb|x?sf] Hfg:jf:Yo ;+u ;DjlGwt k|j{gfTds, k|lt/f]wfTds, lgbfgfTds, tyf
pkrf/fTds :jf:y ;]jfx? cem k|efjsf/L agfO{g]5 .
@= cflbaf;LhghftL, blnt, km/s Ifdtf ePsf, dw];L, lkl58f ju{, h]i7 gful/s, dlxnf,
afnaflnsf h:tf nlIft ju{df laz]if :jf:Yo sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
#= ;a} k|sf/sf ;+s|fds /f]ux? h:t} Ifof/f]u, j8{kmn', :jfOg km'No', 8]+u' /f]u nufotsf]
lgoGq0fsf] nflu ;r]tgf d'ns sfo{s|dx? ;+alGwt ljifout sfof{no, dlxnf :fj:Yo :jo+
;]ljsfx?, gful/s ;dfhsf] ;xof]u, ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf ;+rfng ul/g] 5 .
$= lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no Pj+ cGo ;Dj4 :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?;Fu ;dGjo ul/ gu/ :jf:Yo
s]Gb|df sfo{/t :jf:YosdL{ / dlxnf :jf:Yo ;]ljsfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf cj;/x? k|bfg ug]{
gLlt lnO{Psf] 5 .
%= :jf:Yo rf}sL tyf gu/ :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?df ;xof]uLsf] Joj:yf, sfo{/t k"0f{sflng
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd\ Hofnfsf] k|Tofe"lt tyf Nofj ;+rfng ;xof]u
sfo{s|dsf nufot gu/ :yf:Yo ;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ?= !% nfvsf] ah]6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5
. :jf:Yo rf}lsx?df Ps hgf sfof{no ;xof]uLsf] b/jGbL tyf gu/ :jf:Yo s]Gb|df tf]lsPsf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu :s]n jdf]lhdsf] tnj ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg / rfn' vr{sf] Aoj:yfsf
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ :jf:Yo dGqfno tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu ;+u cg'/f]w ul/g] 5 .
^= lglh If]qaf6 :f~rflnt c:ktfn, gl;{+u xf]d Pj+ lSnlgsx?nfO{ p=d=g=kf= df ;"lrs[t u/L
;]jf k|jfxsf] cg'udg Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpb} nlug]] 5 . o:tf c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo
;]jf k|jfx ug]{ lgsfox?sf] kmf]x/ d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg ul/g] 5 .

-u _ lzIff tkm{ M ;j}sf nflu cfwf/e"t lzIff

!= gu/If]q leqsf ;j} jfn ljsf; s]Gb|x? tyf lghL dG6]Zj/Lx?sf] ;'lrs[t / cg'udg ug]{
k4lt nfu" ul/g]5 . x/]s ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf k|f/lDes jfn ljsf; s]Gb| tyf k"j{ k|fylds
sIff ;~rfng ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 / tL s]Gb|x?sf] ;'wf/ Pj+ ljsf;sf nflu k|fyldstfsf
;fy ah]6 tyf sfo{s|dx? nlIft ul/Psf] 5 .
10

@= pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ;fd'bfoLs ljBfnodf afn k|ltef k|:km'6gsf cj;/x?nfO{

k|f]T;fxLt ub} k|j]lzsfdf gu/ pTs[i6 5fq 5fqfnfO{ k'/:s[t ul/g] gLlt lnO{Psf] 5 . ;fy}
nlIft ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx?sf] kx'+r a9fpg 5fqa[lQnufot k|f]T;fxgsf pkfox? ckgfOg]5 .
#= lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] ;dGjodf ;+:yfut tyf ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?sf] dfkb08 tf]Sg],
cg'udg ug]{ / ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf 5fqfd}qL zf}rfno tyf afnd}qL wf/f lgdf{0f,cltl/Qm
s[ofsnfkx? ;+rfng, afnd}qL lzIf0f l;sfO{, n}+lus lzlIfsfsf] Aofj:yf, Aofj:yfkg ;ldltdf
afn sNjsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ sfo{ ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]] 5 .
$= ljBfno egf{ b/ a[l4 ug]{ tyf 5f]8g] b/ Go'g ug{ ljBfno egf{ cleofg / ljBfno hfgsf
nflu k|]l/t ug{ ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] 5 . ;fy} ;/sf/L tyf /fli6o tyf cGt{/fli6o
u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;xof]u, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df cf}krfl/s lzIffaf6 a+lrt afnaflnsfx?
nufot cGosf nflu cgf}krfl/s lzIff sIff ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
-3_ o'jf tkm{
!= o'jf ju{sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ub}{ pBdlzn, ;Ifd, ;';+:s[t Pj+ Ifdtfjfg agfO{ ljsf;sf]
d'nwf/df Nofpg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;dGjodf o'jf nlIft Aoj;flos tyf
hLjg pkof]uL lzkd"ns tflnd ;+rfng u/L /f]huf/sf cj;/x? ;[hgf ug]{ / c;n gful/s
agfpg k|]l/t ug]{ gLlt lnO{Psf] 5 .
@= o'jf ju{df Nffu' kbfy{ b'Jo{;g tyf
laz]if sfo{s|dx? ;+rnfg ul/g] 5 .

HIV/AIDS

/f]syfd tyf lgoGq0fsf] nflu hgr]tgfd"ns

- _ dlxnf tkm{M
!= dlxnfx?sf nflu n3' pBd Joj;fo tfnLd k|bfg u/L pBd Joj;fo dfkm{t cfly{s ?kdf
;jn agfOg] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;zlQms/0f ub}{ gu/ ljsf;df
dlxnfx?sf] ;dfg ;xeflutf u/fpg k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 .
@= ;dfj]zL cjwf/0ff cg'?k :yfgLo zf;g / ljsf;df dlxnfsf] ;+nUgtf a[l4 ul/ ljleGg
Ifdtf ljsf;sf cj;/x? NofOg] 5 .
#= dlxnf lx+;f tyf dlxnf dfly x'g] b'Ao{axf/ /f]Sg z'Go zxglzntfsf] gLlt canDag ul/g] 5
.
r_ cfly{s Pjd\ ;fdflhs kdf k5fl8 k/]sf ju{ M
!= Ho]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, ckftf ePsf JolQmx, dw];L,
d'lZnd tyf lk58fju{ cflbsf] xs clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu hLjg:t/ ;'wf/ Pj+ Ifdtf
11

ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] efiff, lnkL, ;+:s[lt,

l/ltl/jfh, snf Pj+ k/Dk/f ;+/If0f Pj+ k|j4{gdf k|f]T;flxt ul/g] 5 .
@= h]i7 gful/sx?sf] klxrfg, ;Ddfg / Aoj:yfkgsf ;fy} s'g} lghL tyf ;fd'bflos ;+3
;+:yfn] h]i7 gful/sx?sf nflu h]i7 gful/s x]/rfx s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng u/]df
g=kf 4f/f cfjZos ;xof]u tyf k|j{4g ug]{ .
#= pdgkfsf] ef}lts Pj+ ;fdflhs ;]jfnfO{ ckfu+ d}qL agfpb} k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ubf{
ckf+u d}qL ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 .
$= ljleGg r/0fsf cfGbf]ngx?sf zxLb kl/jf/ Pj+ 3fO{t] of]4fx?sf] plrt ;Ddfg ul/g]5 /
To:tf of]4fx?sf] cfTdlge{/tf j[l4 Pj+ Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ul/g] 5 . gu/ If]q leqsf] efiff, wd{, ;flxTo tyf ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ tyf k|j4{g ug]{
gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 .
5_ ;fdflhs kl/rfng tyf ul/aL Go"gLs/0f
!= 6f]nljsf; ;+:yf, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| tyf j8f gful/s d~rsf] ;+:yfut / Ifdtf ljsf;
ul/ gu/kflnsfsf] ;xof]uL tyf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf :yflkt ul/g] 5 . 6f]nljsf; ;+:yf
j8f ;DfGjo ;ldlt lgb]{lzsf kl/dfh{g ul/ ;f]lx adf]lhd 6f]nljsf; ;+:yfnfO{ kl/rfng
ul/g] 5 . xfn lj:tfl/t j8fx?df 6f]nljsf; ;+:yf u7g / kl/rfngsf] sfo{ rfn' cf=a=
af6 g} ;~rfng ul/g] 5 .
@= :j/f]huf/ ;[hgf ug]{, pBdlzntfsf] vf]hL tyf k|j{4g ug]{ Pj+ ljleGg l;k d"ns tyf
Ifdtf clea[l4 x'g] lqmofsnfk4f/f ljz]ift u|fdL0f k|s[ltsf j8fx?df /f]huf/L] ;[hgf ug]{tkm{
sfo{qmd s]Gb|Lt ul/g] 5 . gofF yk ePsf j8fx?df ljleGg lzkd"ns tfnLd ;~rfng ul/
hLljsf]kfh{gsf sfo{qmdnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 .
#= zx/L ul/jL Go"lgs/0f sf]ifsf] lgb]{lzsf cfjZos kl/dfh{g u/L pQm sf]ifnfO{ zx/L ul/aL
Go"gLs/0f tkm{ kl/rfng ug{sf pko'Qm sfo{s|dx? th'{df ul/ sfof{Gjogdf NofO{g] 5 .
-h_ /fli6o tyf cGt{/fli6o ;+aGw tkm{ M

!= o; pkdxfgu/kflnsf] jf:tljstf;Fu d]nvfg] u/L /fli6o tyf cGt/fli6o

gu/x?;Fu elugL ;DjGw sfod ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 / o; sfo{df gu/sf] klxrfg / lxtnfO{{
pRr k|fyldstfdf /flvg]5 . ;fy} o;} cf=j= df cGt{/fli6o gu/x? ;+usf] elugL ;DjGw sfod
ug]{ kxn ul/g]5 .

12

@= o; pkdxfgu/kflnsf ;b:o /x]sf /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o ;+:yfx?df

gkfsf] ;b:otfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 . gu/sf] ;jf{l0f lxtsf nflu o;} cf=j= df (World EEovernnce Organization of Cities) WeGO gfds cGt{/fli6o ;+:yf ;+u cfj4tf ul/Psf]
Aoxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg kfpbf v'zL nfu]sf] 5 . o;} u/L cGo o; lsl;dsf cGt{/fli6o
;+:yfx? ;+usf] cfj4tfsf nflu lg/Gt/ k|of; ul/g] 5 . ;fy} ltgLx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{nfO{
k|efjsf/L ?kdf cufl8 j9fOg] 5 .
#= elugL ;+DaGw ePsf gu/ tyf cfj4tf ePsf ;+:yfx? aLr Ps csf{sf] cg'ej / ;kmn
cEof;x?sf] cfbg k|bfg ul/ ;+aGwnfO{ dha't agfpb} nlug]5 . ;fy} /fli6o tyf cGt{/fli6o
;+aGw lj:tf/ sfo{s|dsf nflu ;b:otf z'Ns nufotsf cfjZos vr{sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ah]6
Aofj:yf ldnfO{Psf] 5 .
em_ ko{6g lasf; M
!= pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] kl6xfgL, lj;xhf/L tfn, ;tgr'nL, gf/fo0fL gbL, gu/ ag, b]j3f6
l;tfdfO{, 1fg]Zj/ nufotsf If]qx?nfO{{ ko{6sLo uGtJo:ynsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ko{6g ;Da4
;+3;:+yfx?;+u ;xsfo{ ub}{ e/tk'/nfO{{ Specific Tourist Destination sf] ?kdf klxrfg
lgdf0f{ u/L :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ko{6sx?sf] cfsif{0f s]Gb|sf ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 .
@= gu/ k|f]kmfO{n, Jofkfl/s a'n]l6g, ufO8a's, gS;f, ko{6g klqsf nufotsf cfd ;+rf/sf]
dfWodaf6 ko{6gsf] k|j4{g ug]{ gLlt lnO{g]5 . OR5's al:tx?df xf]d :6] ;+rfng tyf ljsf;df
;xof]u ul/g] 5 tyf xfn xf]d :6] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] If]qdf o;sf ;b:ox?sf] nflu
Ifdtf ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ gLlt lnO{Psf] 5 .
`_ cGo k|j4{gfTds If]q M
!= gu/kflnsf sd{rf/L nufot gful/s ;dfh, ;fd'bflos, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:Yff tyf ghL
If]qsf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf ultljlwx? ;~rfng
ug{sf nflu ljleGg ljsf; ;fe]mbf/x? ;Fusf] ;fe]mb/Ldf pkdxfgu/kflnsf leq Ifdtf ljsf;
s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/g] 5 .
@= g=kf If]q leq /x]sf ;fdflhs ;+:yfx? h:t} 6f]nljsf; ;+:yf, o'jf Snj, cfdf ;d'x,
;d'bflos ;+:yf, j8f gful/s d~r, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| cflbnfO{ ;fdflhs tyf ef}lts
ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/sf ?kdf lnO{g] 5 .
#= pdgkf leq ;+rfngdf /x]sf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? gu/kflnsfdf ;"lrs[t ug]{ Joj:yf nfu'
ul/g] 5 . o:tf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] pkdxfgu/kflnsf leq ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd
gu/kflnsfdf k]z u/L :jLs[t u/fO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf nfu' ul/g] 5 .
13

pdgkfsf] sfo{df ;xof]uL e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjosf
nflu gu/ :t/Lo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf ;dGjo ;ldlt lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 .
$= gu/sf] ljleGg If]qdf ;fd'bflos ;xeflutfdf ;fj{hlgs k':tsfno :yfkgf, ;~rfng /
k|j4{g ug{sf nflu kxn ul/g] 5 .

e"ld tyf hn;|f]t tkm{ sf gLltx?M

!= epdgkf If]q leqsf ;fj{hlgs, klt{, P]nfgL hUufx?sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbOg] 5 . lj:tfl/t j8fx?df klg of] cleofg z'? ub}{ j8fut ?kdf nut tof/ kfl/g] 5 .
o;sf] ;fy} pdgkfsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf Pj+ ;fj{hlgs hUufdf jg]sf jgfO{Psf ;fd'bflos
ejg, ;6/x? gu/kflnsfsf] :jfldTjdf btf{ ug{ kxn ul/g] 5 .
@= gu/ If]q leqsf kf6Lkf}jf, d7 dlGb/, u'Djf, rr{ / dl:hb ;fy} gx/, s'nf], vfg]kfgLsf
d"nd"xfg Pj+ >f]tx? ;lxt rf}tf/L Pj+ k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx?sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .
#= ;fj{hlgs hUuf, k|fs[lts ;Dkbf cflb ePsf] :yfgdf ljleGg ljBfno, cfdf ;d'x, Snj, ;+3
;+:yfx?n] z'Ns lng], ejg jgfO{ ef8f cfh{g ug]{ u/]sfn]] To:tf hUuf Pj+ ;Dkbfx?
gu/kflnsfsf] :jfldTjdf Nofpg] gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 . gu/ If]q leq /x]sf kfs{,
ju}+rfx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g gu/kflnsfjf6} ul/g] 5 .
$= gu/jf;Lx?sf] ltj| cfly{s ljsf;sf] nflu d'Vo >f]tsf] ?kdf /x]sf] gu/ If]qsf s[lif e"ld
afFemf] /fVg] hUufwgLx?nfO{ Plss[t ;DklQ s/df yk !) k|ltzt s/ nufpg] gLlt lnOPsf]
5.
%= jftfj/0fLo d}qL xl/ofnL zx/ lgdf{0fsf nflu xfn gf/fo0fL ln6sf jGb ePsf gx/x?sf]
hUuf pdgkfsf] gfddf k|fKt ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ nfO{ cg'/f]w ul/g] 5 .
^= e/tk'/ If]q leq vfg]kfgLsf] c;'ljwf ePsf] If]qdf e/tk'/ vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg jf]8{ ;+u
;dGjo u/L vfg]kfgL nfOg lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 . vfg]kfgL jf]8{nfO{
pdgkfsf] lj:tfl/t j8fx?df klg cfkm\gf] sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ug{ cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .
&= lglh If]qaf6 ;+rflnt ePsf jf]l/ Joj;foLx?nfO{ gu/df ;xh ?kdf lkpg] kfgLsf] Joj:yf
geP ;Ddsf nflu s/sf] bfo/fdf NofO{ gkfsf] l;kmfl/zdf kfgL ljt/0f u/fpg kxn ul/g] 5
. o;/L ljtl/t kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f / To;sf] cg'udgsf] nflu plrt ;+oGq agfOg] 5 .
*= gu/kflnsf If]q leq ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] k|of]u s'g ;fdflhs ;+:yfn] slxn] b]vL s] k|of]hgsf]
nflu u/]sf 5g\ nut tof/ kfl/g] 5 .

14

(= gu/ If]qleq o;} cfly{s aif{ b]lv yk hUuf ljsf; sfo{s|d -Landpooling_ ;+rfng ug{ kxn
ul/g] 5 . o:tf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ pQm If]qsf] ljsf; ;d]t ug]{ u/L of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t tyf
;fFw lsnf] ldnfpg] u/L dfq klg ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . ctM cfkm\gf] If]qdf
o; k|sf/sf hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;d'bfox?nfO{ cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .

s[lif jg tyf jftfj/0f tkm{ M

!= e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf lj:tf/ x'Fbf u|fld0f kl/j]z ePsf] tyf s[lifdf lge{/ 7"nf] e"efu
pdgkfdf ylkPsf]n] s[lifnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . s[lifdf cfw'lgsLs/0f Pj+
Joj;flos/0f ug{ tyf s[lif If]qdf l;FrfO{sf] ;'ljwf k'ofpg cfjZos sfo{qmdx ;~rfng
ul/g] 5g\ . ;fy} k|ffl/s s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] / /;folgs laiffbLsf] k|of]unfO{
lg?T;flxt ul/g] 5 .
@= s[lif tyf kz'kfngsf sfo{qmdxnfO{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf xfn lj:tfl/t j8fxdf k|fylstf
;fy kl/rfng ul/g]5 . Joj;flos kz'kfng dfkm{t gu/If]qsf o'jfxnfO{ :j/f]huf/ >[hgf
ug{ cg'bfg tyf k|ljlw k|;f/sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
#= gu/ If]qleqsf e':ofxf s's'/ lgoGq0f ug{ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / cGo ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf
ljz]if cleofg ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . gu/If]qleq a9\b} uO{/x]sf] 5f8f rf}kfofsf] bL3{sflng
lgoGq0fsf] nflu ;DefJotf cWoog u/L Joj:yfkg sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] gLlt lnOg] 5
.
$= :jR5 x/fe/f ;'Aoal:yt e/tk'/ sf] nIosf ;fy xl/ofnL k|j4{gug{ ;8ssf] bfofF afofF
a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{qmd tyf Ps j8f Ps kfs{pBfg sfo{qmdnfO{ hf]8 lbO{g] 5 .
%= hnjfo' kl/jt{g / o;sf] k|efjsf sf/0f kfgLsf] >f]tdf cfPsf] sfdL / hdLgd'gLsf] kflgsf]
;tx 36]sf] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} Ps j8f Ps kf]v/Lsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ hf]8 lbO{g] 5 ;fy}
ePsf kf]v/L, O{gf/, s'jf, wf/f, cflbsf] ;+/If0fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbO{g] 5 .
^= s]xL 5flgPsf If]qdf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug{ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf / lghL If]q;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/g]
5 . hyfefjL kmf]x/ kmfNg]nfO{ cfjZos sf/jfxL ug{ Pp6f cg'udg tyf lgu/fgL ;ldlt
lgdf{0f u/Lg]5 . xfn ;+rflnt ljz]if ;/;kmfO{ cleofgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g] 5 . kmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkg P]g, @)^* nfO{ s8fO{sf ;fy sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
&= kmf]x/nfO{ >f]tdfg} jlu{s/0f u/L k|f+uf/Ls kmf]x/nfO{ >f]tdfg} Joj:yfkg ug{ l/, sDkf]i6
RofDa/ lat/0fsf] nfut ;xeflutfd"ns sfo{s|dnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{g]5 / k'g k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]
tyf lalqm ljt/0f x'g] kmf]x/sf] nflu ;f]xL jftfj/0f ldnfpg] / >f]tdf Joj:yfkg ug{ g;lsg]
-l;;f, Jofl6, cf}iflwsf] vf]n cflb_ kmf]x/sf] gu/kflnsf4f/f plrt Joj:yfkg ul/g] 5 .
15

*= lrtjg lhNnf -e/tk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf, /Tggu/, v}/xgL, /fKtL, lrqjg, / gf/fo0fL

gu/kflnsf_ cf;kf;sf] kmf]x/d}nfsf] bL3{sflng Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs lglh
;fem]bf/Lsf] gLlt jdf]lhd kmf]x/af6 OGwg lgsfNg], jf pRr k|ljlwo'Qm kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg
sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] kxn ul/g] 5 . ;fy} lglh If]qnfO{ ;f] sfo{qmddf cfs{lift ug]{ sfo{qmd
nfu' ul/g] 5 .
(= jftfj/0f tyf ;/;kmfO{ lgb{]lzsf tyf Knfli6s emf]nf lgif]lwt sfo{ lgodgsf] nflu Ps
sfo{ljwL lgdf{0f u/L nfu' ug{] gLlt lnO{g] 5 . kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu 3R (Reuse, Reduce
Recycle) sf] cjwf/0fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .
!)= hnb]aL ;d'bflos ag ghLs sanitary landfill site lgdf{0fsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ag
ljefuaf6 ef]uflwsf/ k|fKt ePsf] :yfgdf pQm k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] l8lkcf/ tof/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{
k|fydLstf lbO{g] 5 . ;f]w egf{sf] nflu lsg]sf] df8L gu/kflnsfsf] !% lj3f hUufdf tf/af/
u/L j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cuf8L a9fO{g] 5 .
!!= pkdxfgu/kflnsf cGt{utsf tfn -la;xhf/L, /fO{gf], 6fO{u/ tfn_, tn}of tyf o;sf]
hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ug{ :yfO{ tyf bL3{sfnLg of]hgf agfO{ cufl8 a9fO{g] 5
.
!@= e/tk'/ If]qLo c:ktfn, lrtjg d]8Lsn sn]h, ljlk sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/ c:ktfn /
e/tk'/ d]l8sn sn]hsf] ;xsfo{df, kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkfg P]g tyf ;DalGwt sfg'gsf]
kl/lwdf /xL plrt :yfgdf, c:ktfnhGo kmf]x/d}nf lj;h{g ug{ Incinerator jf pko'Qm
k|ljlwsf] :yfkgf ug{ kxn ul/g] 5 . c:ktfnhGo kmf]x/ ;+sng ug{ cnUu} ;jf/L ;fwgsf]
Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . o; gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] k"j{ tof/L :j?k IEE ug{ cfjZos ah]6sf] Joj:yf
ldnfO{g] 5 .
!#= gu/ ;/;kmfO{ sfo{nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg xfn ul/Psf sfo{qmd tyf ;~rflnt
s[ofsnfk, kl/rflnt ;+:yfx tyf ljBdfg Ifdtf, cj;/ tyf r'gf}ltxsf] j[xt :s]ndf
;dLIff u/L cfjZos /0fgLlt th'{df u/L cufl8 al9g]5 . o:tf] ;dLIff rfn' cf=j= d},
cljnDj ;~rfng ul/g]5 . ;dLIffsf] lgrf]8 adf]lhd ;/;kmfO{sf ;fwgx yKg' kg]{ eP
yk ul/g]5 . ;/ ;kmfO{sf] If]qdf (Bottle Neck Analysis) u/L ;f]xL k|ltj]bgn] lglb{i6 u/]sf]
If]qdf /sd ljlgof]hg ul/g]5 .
!$= nfdf] ;dob]lv pRr k|fyldstfdf /x]sf] kz' jwzfnf lgdf{0fdf 7f]if k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
b]zsf cGo :yfgdf lgld{t o:tf jwzfnf tyf jw:ynx, vf;df :yfgLo lgsfosf]
;+nUgtfn] klg k|efjsf/L aGgagfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . ctM pdgkfsf] ;fem]bf/L lgdf{0f :ynsf]
vf]hL u/L hdLg pknJw u/fpg] / lgdf{0f r/0fdf lbg] cf+lzs cg'bfgdf ;Lldt u/L df;'

16

Joj;foLxnfO{ ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 u/fO{, ;f]xL ;xsf/L ;+:yf;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf jwzfnf lgdf{0f
ug{ k|oTg ul/g]5 .
!%= jftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|fk, @)&) g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf;
dGqfnoaf6 hf/L eO{;s]sf]n] ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 .
!^= jftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag sfo{qmd cGt{ut :jR5 phf{;}o{ ;8s alQsf] nflu
6f]naf;L ;+u cfk;L 5nkmn u/L epdgkf / 6f]nsf] ;+o'Qm nuflg -%) k|ltzt nuflgdf_ df
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfO{g] 5 .
!&= p=d=g=kf=sf] d'Vo :yfgdf cJojl:yt gf/fo0fL gbLsf] ;+/If0f tyf dgf]/d ko{6lso :yn
agfpg ;/f]sf/jfnf pwf]u jfl0fHo ;+3, :yflgo 6f]n tyf :yflgo cGo ;+3 ;+:yfsf]
;xsfo{df of]hgf agfO{ cuf8L a9fO{g] 5 .
!*= gu/If]qleq /x]sf ;Dkbfx, d7dlGb/, rf}tf/f, kf6Lkf}jf dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;+/If0f ug{]
sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . rf}tf/f dd{t;+ef/ / ;+/If0fdf ;fem]bf/L ul/g] 5 . k|fs[lts
;|f]t, ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs ;Dkbfxsf] clen]vg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbO{g] 5 .
!(= e/tk'/ gu/ If]qnfO{ Knfli6s emf]nf lgif]lwt If]q agfpg] Pj+ ds{/L -kf/f]_ / ln8 -lz;f_
d'Qm gu/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ gLlt lnOg] 5 .
@)= gu/kflnsfsf] ;/;kmfO{ vr{sf] t'ngfdf ;/;kmfO{ z'Nssf] cfDbfgL %) k|ltzt eGbf Go"g
/x]sf] cfwf/ / sf/0fx?n] ubf{ cfufdL aif{sf] z"Nsdf ;fdfGo a[l4 u/Lg] 5 . ;/;kmfO{
z'Ns nfu" ul/Psf If]qx?df ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu o:tf] z'Ns clgjfo{ ?kdf ltg]{ Joj:yf
nfu" ul/g] 5 .

/fhZj tyf >f]t kl/rfng / s/, b:t'/, z'Ns ;+sng ;DaGwL gLlt
1=

2=

3=

gu/kflnsfaf6 pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf :t/f]Gglt ePsf] cj:yfdf, o; pdgkfsf] cfGtl/s

cfDbfgLsf] cj:yf o:t} e"uf]n tyf cfly{s ;fdflhs kl/j]z ePsf pdgkfsf] t'ngfdf w]/}
sdhf]/ b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfgsf] cg'kft p:t} x'Fbf / cfGtl/s
>f]t sdhf]/ ePsf] sf/0fn] c;Ld ;+efjgfsf aLrdf klg e/tk'/n] ef}lts ljsf;df km8\sf]
dfg{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ctM ;j} gu/af;Lx?n] gu/kflnsfsf] cfGtl/s Ifdtf a[l4df cfkm\gf]
cfkm\gf] :yfgaf6 ;xof]u ug{ pdgkf xflb{s ckLn ub{5 .
cfGtl/s cfDbfgLdf pNn]vgLo j9f]Q/Lsf] nflu rfn' cf=j= tyf cfufdL cf=j=af6 nfu' x'g]
u/L s/sf] bfo/f lj:tf/ ul/g] gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu s/ ;+sngsf cleofgx?
;+rfng ul/g]5g\ eg] ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;+u ;fem]bf/L ;d]t ul/g]5 .
cfGtl/s cfDbfgLnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ s/sf] bfo/f a[l4n] dfq} gk'Ug] cj:yf ePsf]n] d'ntM
;DklQdf cfwfl/t s/ tyf gS;f kf; b:t'/ / o;df ul/g] hl/jfgfsf b/x?df ;d]t x]/km]/
ul/g] 5 .
17

pdgkf :tl/o gu/ ;8s u'?of]hgf th'{dfsf] clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] sf/0fn] pQm u'?of]hgf
lgdf{0f ePkZrft Plss[t ;DklQ s/sf] d"Nofg k|of]hgsf] nflu ;8ssf] :t/ ;f]xL
u'?of]hgfn] PsLg u/] jdf]lhd sfod ul/g]5 . of] k|fjwfg rfn' cfly{s aif{af6} s[oflzn
x'g]5 .
5= >f]t kl/rfng / Aoj:yfkgdf gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;Ifd / cfTdlge{/ agfpg, k|rlnt sfg'g
adf]lhd kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg] /fhZjsf ;a} >f]tx?sf] j:t'k/s klxrfg, laZn]if0f, k|If]k0f /
kl/rfng ul/g]5 .
6= >f]t kl/rfngnfO{ ;dtfd'ns, k|ultlzn / Gofok"0f{ agfO{g] 5 . ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf Pj+
s/bftfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf /fhZj clea[l4 ul/ s'n ah]6df cfGtl/s cfDbfgLsf] c+z a[l4
ul/b} nlug]5 .
7= Plss[t ;DklQ s/sf] nflu ul/g] hUufsf] d"Nofg, /lhi6]zg k|of]hgsf] nflu sfod
ul/Psf] Go"gtd\ d'Nofg eGbf w]/} sd sfod ul/g' ;du|df ;DklQdf cfwfl/t s/sf]
dfGotfsf] k|lts'n cEof; xf] . Pp6} ;/sf/L ;+oGq leq Pp6} ;DklQnfO{ km/s km/s
d"Nofg sfod ul/g' s;/L ;xL dfGg ;lsPnf /< of] cEof;n] s]xL xb ;Dd s/bftfx?nfO{
/fxt lbPh:tf] b]lvPtf klg ck|ToIf ?kdf /fhZj ;+u ljsf; ;f6\g gkfpg],
hg;xeflutfsf] cg'kft pkef]QmfnfO{ Hofbf kg{ hfg], tyf ljsf; k|fKt ug{ nfdf] ;do
k|ltIff ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf kg{ hfG5 . ctM cfufdL # aif{ kZrft ul/g] Plss[t ;DklQ s/sf]
b/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ hUufsf] Go"gtd\ d"Nofg ;+u tfbTDotf sfod ug]{ u/L, o; k6ssf] nflu
;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;+u 5nkmn u/L, pQm d"Nofgsf] slDtdf $) b]vL ^) k|ltzt sfod ug]{
gLlt lnO{Psf] 5 .
8= gu/kflnsf If]qleq Joj;fo ug]{ Joj;foLx?sf] aflif{s Joj;fo s/sf >]0fL tyf b/
jdf]lhd s/bftf klxrfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf k]zf Joj;fosf] cfsf/ Pj+ 7fp+ ljz]ifsf] cfwf/df
Joj;fos/ lgwf{/0f tyf c;'nL k|s[ofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{g]5 . Joj;fo s/ k|efjsf/L
c;'nLsf nflu sd{rf/Lsf] 6f]nL u7g ul/ 3/b}nf] cleofg ;+rfng ul/g]5 . vl6g]
sd{rf/LnfO{ k|f]T;fxg eQf lbOg] Joj:yf ldnfO{g]5 .
9= Joj;fo s/ ;+sngdf lrtjg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 / e/tk'/ gu/kflnsfn] ljutdf u/]sf]
;fem]bf/Lsf] cEof; xfn lg/Gt/ gePsf] ;Gbe{df cfk;L 5nkmn dfkm{t ljZjf; clej[l4
ub}{ ;femf lgZsif{sf] vf]hL ul/g] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf axfn s/sf] ;Gbe{df ;d]t o:tf]
;fem]bf/L ug{ pjf;+nfO{ pTk]|l/t ul/Psf] 5 .
10= 3/jxfn s/nfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg cfGt/Ls /fhZj sfof{no, lrtjg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3,
lrtjg pBf]u ;+3, 3/jxfn pkef]Qmf d~r tyf cGo ;/f]sf/ tyf ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?sf]
;xof]u / ;xsfo{df 5nkmnsf dfWodaf6 tYofs+ Jojl:yt ug]{ tyf s/ c;'nLnfO{
k|efjsf/L agfOg] 5 .
11= dgf]/~hg s/sf nflu ut ljut aif{x?df h:t} l;g]df xnx?n] Eof6 sfof{nodf a'emfpg]
ljj/0fsf cfwf/df dfl;s ?kdf % k|ltztn] x'g] dgf]/~hg s/ jfktsf] /sd xnx?nfO{
dlxgf ljt]sf] csf]{ @% ut] blv d;fGt leq a'emfpg kg]{ gLlt sfod ul/g]5 . cGo d]nf
dxf]T;jdf sfo{qmd x]/L tf]lsOP adf]lhd Psd'i7 jf l6s6sf cfwf/df s/ nufpg] lglt
lnOg]5 .
12= rfn' cf=a=)&@.&# b]lv yk ePsf j8fg+= !% b]lv @( ;Dd Plss[t ;DklQ s/sf nflu
4=

18

hUufsf] d"Nofs+g sfod ul/ ;lsPsf] / s/ c;'nL e} /x]sf] 5 eg] ;fljs j8fg+= ! b]lv
!$ ;Ddsf] xsdf cfufdL cf=a= )&#.&$ df d"Nofs+g b/ kl/dfh{g ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n]
Plss[t ;DklQs/sf] d'Nofs+g ljlwnfO{ ;do;fk]If ;'wf/ ul/ oyf{yk/s d'Nofs+gsf
cfwf/df s/ lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . ;fljssf pNn]lvt j8fx?df xfn sfod /x]sf] d"Nofs+g b/
kl/dfh{g ug{ Ps sfo{bn tof/ ul/ sfo{fGjog ug{ g=kf= jf]8{nfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg
ul/Psf] 5 .
13= ;+/rgfsf] d"Nofs+g b/ ;d]t ;+zf]lwt lgodfjnL cg';f/ sfod ul/g]5 . jSof}tf c;"nL
sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy cuf8L a9fO{g]5 .
14= >f]tkl/rng / Aoj:yfkgnfO{ a}1flgs, oyf{yk/s / sDKo'6/Ls[t u/L Aojl:yt /
cWofjlws ug{ Database tof/ u/L k|of]u ul/g]5 . o;sf] lgldQ pko"Qm Computer
Software sf] Aoj:yf ug"{sf ;fy} sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4df laz]if Wofg
lbOg]5 .
15= gu/kflnsfn] ug]{ /fhZj ;DaGwL lg0f{o / cfly{s sf/f]]jf/df kf/blz{tf / ;xeflutf k|aw{g
ul/g]5 . lalQo cg'zf;g sfod ug{ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLnfO{ ;Ifd agfO{ laQLo
;'rgfsf] clen]v / k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLnfO{ lgoldt / Aojl:yt ul/g]5 .
16= g=kf=4f/f axfndf nufO{Psf ;DkQLx?sf] axfn aGbf]a:t ubf{ k|lt:kwf{Tds lawL k|s[of
ckgfO{ k|rlnt ahf/b/sf] cfwf/ sfod u/L axfn aGbf]a:t ub}{ nlug]5 .
17= gu/kflnsfaf6 ;/;kmfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf If]qx?sf ;j} 3/ kl/jf/xf]6n/]i6"/]06
Aoj;fo Joj;foL sDkgL, ;+3;+:yf, cGo Joj;fo ug]{x?;+u dfl;s ?kdf tf]lsP adf]lhd
;/;kmfO{ ;]jf z'Ns lnOg]5 . cfufdL cf=j= af6 pQm If]qsf JolQmx?n] ;/;kmfO{ ;]jf z'Ns
lt/]kl5 dfq cGo ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ gLlt lnOg]5 .
18= e/tk'/ tyf gf/fo0fu9 If]qdf a9\bf] cJojl:yt kfls{u+nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L Jojl:yt ;z'Ns
kfls{u+ :ynx?sf] klxrfg / ljsf; ub}{ gu/kflnsfsf] cfodf a[l4 ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g]
5.
19= /fhZj zfvfnfO{ ef}lts ;"ljwf;DkGg agfO{ bIf sd{rf/Lx?sf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . s/
;+sng sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ g=kf= sf] lg0f{ofg";f/ k|f]T;fxg eQf Pj+
k'/:sf/ pknJw u/fOg]5 .
20= cfkm\gf] jf ;+uf]n kl/jf/ -Psf3/_ sf ;b:on] g=kf=nfO{ e"Qmfg ug"{kg{] s/ z"Ns, b:t"/
;dodf e'Qmfg gu/L aSof}tf sfod /fVg] s/bftfnfO{ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq lng]
l;kmfl/z afx]s g=kf=af6 k|bfg ul/g] cGo ;j} l;kmfl/; jf ;]jf ;"ljwf /f]Ssf ul/g]5 .
21= /fhZj ;+sng sfo{nfO{ yk k|efjsf/L jgfpg g=kf=sf ljleGg zfvf, O{sfO{ / j8f
sfof{nox? ;d]t af6 gu/jf;Lx?nfO{ ;]jf ;"ljwf pknAw u/fpbf g=kf=nfO{ e"Qmfg ug'{kg{]
s'g} s/ z'Ns b:t"/ af+sL g/x]sf] cfwf/df pknAw u/fpg] / g=kf=sf] ;Dk'0f{ zfvfx?nfO{
/fhZj zfvf;+u PsLs[t ug]{ Joj:yf ;"b[9 ul/g]5 . rfn' cf=j= d} pdgkfn] :yfkgf ug]{
tof/L u/]sf ;]jf s]Gb|x? dfkm{t ;j} k|sf/sf s/ b:t'/ a'emfpg] ;'ljwf gu/af;Lx?nfO{
pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .

19

;+u7g tyf k|zf;g ;ldlt tkm{ M

!=;]jfu|fxLsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ @( j6} j8fdf Ifltk"lt{ ;lxtsf] gful/s j8fkq hf/L
ul/g] 5 . o;sf] nflu ? @% xhf/sf] Ifltk"lt{ sf]ifsf] Aoj:yf u/Lg] 5 . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf
;]jf k|fKt gePdf o;} sf]ifaf6 Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5 / qmdzM sd{rf/LnfO{ pQ/bfoL agfO{g] 5 .
o;af6 gu/kflnsfsf] ;]jf k|jfx cem} k|efjsf/L / ljZj;gLo x'g] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 .
@= ;]jf k|jfxsf] qmddf sfof{no leq x'g] clgoldttfnfO{ /f]Sg z'Go ;xgzLntfsf] gLlt
cjnDjg ul/g] 5 . ;]jf k|jfxdf kf/blz{tf Pj+ hjfkmb]xLtf sfod ug{ u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{ tyf
ph'/L Joj:yfkgnfO{ zL3| / k|efjsf/L agfOg] 5 . ;]jf k|jfxsf] cg'udg ug{ sfof{nodf
CCTV h8fg ug]{ t}of/L e} /x]sf] 5 . ljB'tLo xflh/LnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ yk s8fO{ ul/g] 5
.
#= ;'zf;g k|j4{g, kf/blz{tf tyf hjfkmb]xLtf a[l4 ug{sf] nflu ;f]xL p2]Zon] :yflkt ;+:yfx?
;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . sd{rf/L / ;]jfu|fxL cfrf/
;+lxtfsf] cg'udgdf hf]8 lbO{g] 5 .
$= z';f;g Pj+ kf/bzL{tfsf nflu ljleGg ;/f]sf/ lgsfo ;+usf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf
;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{, ;fdflhs k/LIf0f, cflbnfO{ hf]8 lbO{g] 5 . gf]8n clws[t, k|jQmf, ;"rgf
clws[tsf] sfdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpFb} nlug]5 . sd{rf/L k]ZsLnfO{ o; cf=j= df k|efjsf/L
?kdf c;'n k5:of]{6 ug{ ljz]if gLlt clVtof/ ul/g]5 .
%= sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] k|f]T;fxg ;'ljwfsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] ljifodf ;ldIff ul/g] 5 .
;ldIffsf] lgrf]8 cg';f/ cfufdL jif{sf] nflu g=kf=jf]8{af6 cfjZos gLlt cjnDjg ul/g]
5 . sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df pTs[i6 sfo{ ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ k'/:s[t ul/g] 5 . lgodfjnLsf]
efjgf d'tfjLs k|zf;gLs vr{nfO{ @% k|ltzt leq} emfg{ k|oTg ul/g] 5 .
^= ;+u7gsf] jt{dfg ;+/rgf cg';f/ xfn lj:tfl/t j8fx?af6 k|efjsf/L ;]jf k|jfx ug{
;lsPsf] 5}g . o;sf] cnfjf ljz]if gu/kl/ifb\af6 ;[hgf ul/Psf b/aGbLsf] kbk"lt{ ;d]t
ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5 . o;} k[i7e"lddf b/jGbLdf k'g/fjnf]sg sfo{ ug'{ k/]sf] x'bFf ;+:yfut
;+/rgf ljZn]if0f (ODA) u/L k|fKt x'g] k|ltj]bg gu/kflnsf jf]8{df k]z u/L sfof{Gjog ug{
kl/ifb\af6 clwsf/ k|Tof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .
&= :jLs[t b/jGbL j]u/ sd{rf/L egf{ jf lgo"lQm ul/g] 5}g . ;]jf lgj[Q sd{rf/Lx?n]
lgodfg';f/ kfpg] ;]jf lgj[[Q ;'ljwf tTsfn} pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] u/L sf]ifsf] Aoj:yf
ldnfO{g] 5 .
*= vfB j:t'sf] cg'udgaf6 cvfB j:t'x?nfO{ t'?Gt} x6fpg] sfo{jfxL cufl8 j9fO{g] 5 .
To:t} df;'k;nsf] cg'udgnfO{ ltj|tf lbO{g] 5 . xfn sfof{Gjog /x]sf] df;'k;n cg'udg
20

lgb]{lzsfnfO{ ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{g ub{} nlug] 5 . gu/ k|x/Lsf] sfo{ ;+DkfbgnfO{ cem}
k|efjsf/L jgfpb} ahf/ cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f nfO{ yk ltj|tf lbOg] 5 .
(= lj:tfl/t j8fx?df cnUu} j8f sfof{nox?sf] ejg lgdf{0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 . Ps
aif{df Pp6f j8f sfof{no ejgsf] lgdf{0f tyf Pp6f j8f sfof{no ejgsf] dd{t ug]{ gLlt
cjnDag ul/g] 5 . lj:tfl/t If]qdf cnUu} j8f sfof{no dfu ug]{ gful/sx?nfO{ To:tf]
ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ hUufsf] Joj:yfkg u/L pdgkfdf dfu k7fpg cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 . o;} u/L
gu/kflnsfsf] xftf leq sfof{nocfjf; ejg lgdf0f{ yfngL ul/g] 5 . lo b'O{ k|of]hgsf]
nflu k"jf{wf/ tkm{sf] jh]6af6 cfjZos ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
!)= ahf/ If]qdf km'6kfy tyf 7]nf lgif]lwt sfo{qmdnfO{ cem} s8fO{sf ;fy sfof{Gjog ub}{ z"Go
;xgzLntfsf] gLlt cjnDjg ul/g] 5 . jftfj/0f tyf WjgL k|b'if0fdf gs/fTds c;/ k'
ofpg] lgDg ultsf / gu/ cg'dlt gkfPsf ;jf/LnfO{ ;x/L If]qdf k|j]z lgif]w ul/g] 5 .
!! = s/, b:t'/x?sf] k'0f{ hfgsf/L / kmf/dx? j]j;fO{6df /flvg] 5 . cgnfO{g tyf Od]n
dfkm{t s/ ljj/0f k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 . ;"rgf k|lalwsf] dfWod4f/f s/ k|zf;gdf
b]lvg] :t/sf] kl/jt{g cfpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

21