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Title
Page
I. Introduction
Objectives
Importance of Estimates
II. Specifications
Indirect Cost
Computations
Earthworks
Concrete Works
Masonry
10
Steel Works
11
Tile
13
Painting
14
Truss
15
Roofing
19
21
22
VII. Appendix
23s
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
To give a reasonably accurate idea of the cost
An estimate is necessary to give the owner a reasonably accurate idea of the
cost to help him decide whether the works can be undertaken as proposed or
needs to be curtailed or abandoned, depending upon the availability of funds
and prospective direct and indirect benefits. For government works proper
sanction has to be obtained for allocating the required amount. Works are often
let on a lump sum basis, in which case the Estimator must be in a position to
know exactly how much expenditure he is going to incur on them
1. Estimating Materials
From the estimate of a work it is possible to determine what materials and in
what quantities will be required for the works so that the arrangements to
procure them can be made.
2. Estimating Labor
The number and kind of workers of different categories who will have to be
employed to complete the work in the specified time can be found from the
estimate.
3. Estimating Plant
An estimate will help in determining amount and kind of equipment needed to
complete the work.
4. Estimating Time
The estimate of a work and the past experience enable one to estimate quite
closely the length of time required to complete an item of work or the work as a
whole.
Whereas the importance of knowing the probable cost needs no emphasis,
estimating materials, labor, plant and time is immensely useful in planning and
execution of any work.
IMPORTANCE OF ESTIMATES
SPECIFICATIONS
Description
Quantity
Unit
Concrete Works
Concrete
899
bags
Sand
40.5
cu.m.
Gravel
82
cu.m.
C.H.B.
3773
pcs.
White Cement
55.5
kg
Vinyl Floor Tiles
2692
pcs
Steel Works
10 mm diameter
240
pcs
12 mm diameter
238
pcs
Wood Works
2x2 Coco Lumber
318
Bdft
Roof Works
10 G.I. Cor. Roofing Sheets
48
sheets
Rivets
6
kg
G.I. Washer
17
kg
Lead Washers
28.5
kg
Doors & Windows
D-1 Panel Door
1
set
D-2 Panel Door
1
set
D-3 Panel Door
3
set
D-4 PVC Door
3
set
Door Lock
8
set
Door Hinges
18
pairs
W-1 (1.2mx1.8m)
10
set
W-2 (1.2mx1.2m)
2
set
W-3 (1.2mx.6m)
2
set
W-4 (.5mx1m)
2
set
Unit Cost
Total Cost
235.00
500.00
700.00
15.00
35.00
46.00
211,265.00
20,250.00
57,400.00
56,595.00
1,942.00
169,832.00
145.00
325.00
34,800.00
77,350.00
18.00
5,724.00
205.00
9.00
23.00
150.00
9,840.00
54.00
391.00
4275.00
6800.00
9500.00
4500.00
1200.00
560.00
95.00
2000.00
1500.00
950.00
900.00
6,800.00
9,500.00
13,500.00
3,600.00
4,480.00
1,710.00
20,000.00
3,000.00
1,900.00
1,800.00
Excavation
Fill Materials
Gravel Base
Backfill
Earthworks
94.14
cu.m.
96.46
cu.m.
9.41
cu.m.
77.17
cu.m.
150.00
1200.00
120.00
14,469.00
11,292.00
9,260.00
DETAILED ESTIMATES
Direct Costs
A. Estimated Costs of Materials
751,029.00
314,100.00
315,050.00
1,380,173.00
Indirect Costs
D. Contractors Profit
233,533.00
E. Contractors Tax
165,620.76
399,153.76
1,779,326.76
EARTHWORKS
Area of Floor Slab
A. (5m4m)
= 20m
B. (3.5m5m)
= 17.5m
C. (8m4m)
= 32m
D. (6m3.5m)
= 21m
E. (4.5m4.5m)
= 20.25m
110.75m
16.79m3
Space to be filled
VFloor Slab VF&W = 94.14m3 16.97m3 = 77.17m3
Earthfill required
VEarthfill = (77.17m31.25) = 96.46m3
Thickness of Gravel Fill
VFloor Slab x 0.10 = (94.14m30.10) = 9.41m3
8
CONCRETE WORKS
Column Footing
V = (1m1m0.35m13 pcs) = 4.55m3
Column
V = (0.3m0.3m1.2m13 pcs) = 1.404m3
Wall Footing
V = (0.4m0.25m50.1m) = 5.01m3
C.H.B. Walls
V = (0.2m0.6m50.1m) = 6.01m3
Slabs
1st Floor: V = (110.75m20.2m) = 22.15m3
2nd Floor: V = (110.75m20.3m) = 33.23m3
MASONRY
Area of walls (Inner and Outer)
A = Area of walls Area of doors and windows
= [(1332)+(9.532)+(7.533)+(1132)+(332)+(2.632)+
(53)+(3.53)] [(3.22.14)+(182.2)+(0.92.13)+(0.72.13)+
(30.5)+(20.61.2)+(1.21.22)+(1.8101.2)]
= 327.6m2 48.3m2
A = 279.8m2
C.H.B to be used
279.8m212.51.05 = 3672.36 say 3773 pieces of C.H.B.
Mortar
NCement = 279.8m20.7921.05 = 232.68 say 233 bags of 40-kg cement
VSand = 279.8m20.04351.05 = 12.78 say 13 cu.m.of fine aggregates
Plaster
A = 279.8m22 (sides of wall)= 559.6m2
V= 279.8m20.20m = 11.19m3
NCement = 11.19m30.36 = 4.03 say 4.5 bags of 40-kg cement
VSand = 11.19m30.02 = 0.22m3 say 1 cu.m. of fine aggregates
10
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Column Footing
Net length of one cut reinforcing bar
Net length = 1m (20.5m) = 0.9m
Total number of cut bars in all footing
n = 72 = 14 pcs. per footing (crosswise)
14 pcs. 13 footings =182 pieces of cut bars
Total pieces needed (6m commercial steel bars)
n = 6m 0.9m = 6.5 pieces
N = 182 pcs.6.5 pieces = 28 pcs. 12 mm diameter6m steel bars
Column
Spacing of lateral ties
a. 1612mm = 19.2m
b. 4810mm = 48cm
c. The least side of the column is 48cm
Number of lateral ties in the column
7.2 m
.192 m
= 37.5 say 38
38+1 = 39 pcs.
39 pcs13 columns = 507 ties
Total bars needed (6m commercial steel bars)
507
6m
11
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Beams
There are 30 stirrups at 0.9m long say 1m per beam
Total number of stirrups
N = 30 stirrups28 beams = 840 stirrups
Total bars needed (6m commercial steel bars)
840
6m
For reinforcement
N = 103.6m6m = 17.27
17.274 = 69.08 say 70 pcs 12mm diameter6m steel bars
Walls
Total area of walls = 279.8m2 (refer to masonry)
Vertical reinforcement: 80cm spacing
279.8m21.6 = 447.68m2
Horizontal reinforcement: every 4 layers
279.8m21.72 = 481.26m2
Total bars needed (6m commercial steel bars)
447.68m2+481.26m2 = 928.94m2
928.946 = 154.82 say 155 pcs 10mm diameter6m steel bars
12
TILEWORKS
Cement Mortar
Area = 11=.75m2
NCement = 110.75 0.086 = 9.52 say 10 bags of 40-kg cement
NWhite Cement = 110.75 0.50 = 55.38 say 55.5 kg
NTile Adhesive = 110.75 0.11 = 12.18 say 12.5 bags
13
PAINTING
The walls have a fine surface. For fine surface, the total area coverage of a
gallon is 40m2
For neutralizer
N = 7 gallons 2.5 =2.8 say 3 gallons of neutralizer
14
TRUSS
Truss 1
2049
2950+ k
200
k
k = 319.09
E=
2002+ 319.092
Z1 =
X
950+319.09
= 376.59
- 376.59 = 3481.56
2049
3269.09
X
1000+ 950+319.09
2049
3269.09
X1 = 795.44
Y1 =
10002+795.44 2
Y1 = 1277.78
X2 =1422.22
Y2 =
1422.222 +10002
Y2 = 1738.59
T1=2950+2049+3481.56+795.44+1422.22+1277.78+1738.59
T1=13714.59+200
T1 =13194.50mm
15
Truss 2
2500
4700+k
200
k
k = 408.7
E=
2002+ 408.72
Z1 =
25002+ 5108.72
X
1133.7
= 455.01
- 455.01 = 3481.56
2500
= 5108.7
Y1 =
7252+554.79 2 =
912.92
X1 = 554.79
Y2 = 1445.77
X2 = 1044.15
Y3 =1830.75
X3 = 1533.51
Y4 = 2256.55
X4 = 2022.87
T2 = 2433.9mm 2 = 4867.8mm
16
Truss 3
1663
2325+ k
200
k
k = 317.84
E=
16632+317.84 2
Z1 =
25002+ 2702.842
X
1642.84
= 455.01
- 455.01 = 2747
1663
2642.84
Y1 =
10002+1033.75 2 = 1438.28
X1 = 1033.75
T3 = 9407.03mm 6 = 56442.18mm
Truss 4
2500
6667 +k
200
k
k = 579.74
E=
2002+ 579.742
Z1 =
7246.742 +25002
X
1667+ 579.74
= 613.27
- 613.27 = 7052.58
2500
= 2246.74
Y1 = 1265.2
X1 = 775.07
Y2 = 1501.52
X2 = 1120.07
Y3 =1773.8
X3 = 1465.05
Y4 = 2067.9
X4 = 1810.03
Y5 = 237.73
17
X5 = 2155.02
T4 = 32128.97mm 4 = 128,515.88mm
18
Truss 5
2049
4193+k
200
k
k = 453.54
E=
2002+ 453.54 2
Z1 =
20492+ 4646.542
= 495.68
- 495.68 = 3481.56
X1 = 719.55
Y1 = 1231.97
X2 = 1156.56
Y2 =1528.93
X3 = 1593.57
Y3 = 1881.35
T5 = 19593.67mm
Truss 6
2500
4750+k
200
k
k = 415.04
E=
2002+ 415.04 2
Z1 =
25002+ 5108.72
= 458.91
- 458.91 = 5277.55
X1 = 551.05
Y1 = 1141.78
X2 = 1035.26
Y2 =1439.36
X3 = 1519.47
Y3 = 1819
X4 = 2003.68
Y4 = 2239.36
T6 = 46507.66mm2 = 93015.32mm
TT = T1+T2+T3+T4+T5+T6 = 297995.35mm
19
20
ROOFING
N1 =
25.48
3.19
A2 = 44.15
N2 =
44.15
3.19
A3 = 51.05
N3 =
51.05
3.19
= 16 sheets
A4&5 = 3 (3.41) 2
6.9
N4 = 3.19
N5 =
10.23
3.19
(2) = 10.23
A6 = 15.25
21
N6 =
15.25
3.19
= 4.8 or 5 sheets
153.06
3.19
G.I. Rivets
NRivets = NT Rivets
= 48 22 = 1056 pieces
Convert to kg
X = 1056 180 = 5.87 say 6 kg
Unit
Unit Price
Supplier
Gravel
cu.m.
700.00
Bdft
bags
18.00
235.00
JP Lumber
Seahorse Parts and Hardware
Sand
cu.m.
500.00
10x20x40 CHB
pcs.
15.00
pcs.
46.00
Citi Hardware
White Cement
kg
35.00
gal
486.00
gal
546.00
gal
603.00
Thinner
gal
295.00
145.00
325.00
sheet
205.00
Rivets
kg
9.00
GI Washer
kg
23.00
Lead Washer
kg
150.00
set
set
set
set
6800.00
9500.00
4500.00
1200.00
Door Lock
set
560.00
Door Hinges
pair
95.00
set
set
set
set
2000.00
1500.00
950.00
900.00
Candidos Works
Candidos Works
Candidos Works
Candidos Works
JHP Construction Supply and
Hardware
JHP Construction Supply and
Hardware
Candidos Works
Candidos Works
Candidos Works
Candidos Works
23
LABOR COST
Quantity
Labor Cost
Total
Foreman
500.00
1500.00
Carpenter
410.00
2050.00
Laborer
350.00
1750.00
Welder
390.00
780.00
Tinsmith
450.00
900.00
Total
6980.00/day
24