Name

: Faten Amira binti Hamidi

Student ID : 2014404804

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

CGE659
Assignment - Artificial Lift
Instruction:
1. Answer all the questions.
2. Please list all the relevant sources/references.
3. Please answer in this document and save in the pdf form (File name: Name_Group)
3. Submit on: 8/11/2016 before 6pm for EH2435B
9/11/2016 before 1pm for EH2435A
Q1. What is the purpose of installing the artificial lift?
To maintain a reduced bottom hole pressure (Pwf) to enable the desired reservoir fluids
to be produced at an acceptable rate.

Q2. Explain why sufficient natural energy of the well are important?
To allow the fluid to reach the surface and continue flowing to the surface.

Q3. Name 3 main artificial list systems

Rod pump
Hydraulic pump
Gas lift

Name

: Faten Amira binti Hamidi

Student ID : 2014404804

Q4. Label the components of sucker rod pump

Walking beam

Pitman arm
crank

Horse head

Wireline hanger
Carrier bar
Samson beam

Q5. Explain the working principle of sucker rod pump

1) A motor and gearbox supply power to turn the power shaft.
2) There is a counterweight at the end of the crank. A pitman arm is attached to the crank
and it moves upward when the crank moves counterclockwise.
3) The Samson arms support the walking beam. The walking beam pivots and lowers or
raises the plunger.
4) The rod attaches the plunger to the horsehead. The horsehead (not rigidly attached)
allows the joint (where rod is attached) to move in a vertical path instead of following an
arc.
5) Every time the plunger rises, oil is pumped out through a spout.

Name

: Faten Amira binti Hamidi

Student ID : 2014404804

Figure 1
6) Here the plunger is shown at its lowest position. The pitman arm and the crank are inline.
7) The maximum pumping angle, denoted as theta in the calculations, is shown. L is the
stroke length.
8) After one stroke, the plunger moves upward by one stroke length and the walking beam
pivots. The crank also rotates counterclockwise.
9) At the end of the upstroke the pitman arm, the crank, and the walking beam are in-line.
( See Figure 1)

Name

: Faten Amira binti Hamidi

Student ID : 2014404804

Q6. Advantages and disadvantages of sucker rod pump

Advantages
Disadvantages
Simple, basic design

Friction in crooked holes

Unit easily changed

Pump wear with solids production (sand, wax,

etc)

Can achieve low BHFP

Free gas reduces pump efficiency

Pump off control

Obtrusive in urban areas

Q7. Advantages and disadvantages of gas lift

Advantages

Disadvantages

Solids tolerant

Lift gas may not be available

Simple maintenance

Not suitable for viscous crude oil or emulsions

Large volumes in high PI wells

High minimum FBHP

Tolerant high well deviation / doglegs

Casing must withstand lift gas pressure

Q8. List out the gas lift assembly

i. Unloading gas lift valve
ii. Bottom unloading gas lift valve
iii. Hanger nipple for dip tube
iv. Operating chamber gas lift valve
v. By-pass packer

Name

: Faten Amira binti Hamidi

Student ID : 2014404804

vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.

Bleed port/valve
Perforated sub
Standing valve
Bottom packer

Q9. Two types of artificial lift:

Pumping system
Gas lift

Q10. Name two types of gas lift mandrel

Side Pocket Mandrel
Conventional Mandrel

Q11. How does the gas lift work in lifting the hydrocarbon to the surface?
High pressure gas from injection gas manifold enters the annulus between tubing and
casing, then flows down into tubing fitted with valves.
Inside the tubing string, gas will mix with oil from reservoirs to produce a mixture having low
density or provide oil with energy from gas expansion to push oil into surface.
When the mixture of gas and oil rise to the wellhead, they will pass through a production
manifold, which is utilized to adjust to the volume of gas needed to inject to wellbore, and then
flow into gas/oil separator.
In this equipment, oil will be obtained and transported to oil storage, onshore or other
platforms via pipelines.

Name

: Faten Amira binti Hamidi

Student ID : 2014404804

While gas is also produced at the top of separator and subsequently compressed to high
pressure in compressor station.
Depending on various reservoirs, gas can be employed to inject to wellbore or to be for gas
market.

Q12. Advantages and disadvantages of ESP

Advantages

Disadvantages

Extremely high volume lift using up to 1000

kW motors

Not suitable for shallow, low volume wells

Unobstructive surface location

Full workover required to change pump

Downhole telemetry available

Gas and solids intolerant

Corrosion / scale treatment possible

Cable deteriorates at high temperatures

Name

: Faten Amira binti Hamidi

Student ID : 2014404804

Q13. Label the components of ESP

Power cable

Intake
Pump
Seal-chamber section
Motor

Sensor

Q14. Name the other two artificial lift systems

Submersible Electric Pump (ESP)
Progressing Cavity Pump (PCP)

Name

: Faten Amira binti Hamidi

Student ID : 2014404804

Q15. Write your own summarize about the artificial lift system in Petroleum Production.

The ultimate objective of artificial lift is to increase the pressure within the reservoir and
encourage the oil to surface. In other words, artificial lift is any system that adds energy
to the fluid column in a wellbore with the objective of initiating and improving
production from the well.
The two purposes of artificial lift are:
1) To maintain a reduce bottom hole pressure (Pwf) to enable desired reservoir fluids to be
produced at an acceptable rate.
2) To provide the fluid with necessary energy to reach the surface and continue flowing to
the surface.
3) To maintain the appropriate drawdown so that the future reservoir management and
completion can be conducted efficiently.
The two methods of artificial lift are:
1) Pumping system
Beam pumping / Sucker Rod Pumps
Progressive Cavity Pumps
Subsurface Hydraulic Pumps
Electric Submersible Pumps

2) Gas lifts
Technique of increasing the flowing life of a well by injection of gas into e
the tubing.
Continuous gas lift
Intermittent gas lift
Selection criteria of artificial lift:
Well and reservoir characteristic ( Sand, wax, casing size)
Field location (onshore/offshore, distance to facility)
Operational problem (solids, organic or inorganic deposits, material selection)
Economics (CAPEX/OPEX, reliability, maintenance, efficiency)
Implementation of artificial lift selection techniques

Name

: Faten Amira binti Hamidi

Student ID : 2014404804

Gas lift:
Injection of compressed gas into lower section of tubing through the casingtubing annulus and an orifice installed in the tubing string.
Quite popular and widely utilized due to its ease of use and application under
wide range of production conditions (especially in sandy and gassy oils oilfields).
Common artificial lift method employed in deep and good productivity oil wells.
Five types of gas lift are:
(a) Continuous gas lift used in wells with high PI (>0.5stb/day/psi), high
reservoir pressure relative to well depth
(b) Intermittent gas lift high PI and low reservoir pressure
- Low PI and low reservoir pressure
(c) Open no isolation
(d) Closed has isolation for casing annulus
(e) Semi-closed has isolation for casing annulus and check valve in tubing

Name

: Faten Amira binti Hamidi

Student ID : 2014404804

Reference(s):
1) CGE 659 Lecture Note Chapter 5 Artificial Lift
2) CGE 659 Lecture Note Chapter 5a Gas Lift
3) CGE 659 Lecture Note Gas & Pump Assisted Lift
4) http://web.mit.edu/2.972/www/reports/sucker_rod_pump/sucker_rod_pump.html
5) http://petrowiki.org/File%3AVol4_Page_627_Image_0001.png