Wind Tunnel Simulation

Engineer name: angsim88

Wed Dec 07 17:34:02 2016 Malay Peninsula Daylight Time

Product of Altair Engineering Inc.

http://www.altair.com

Contents
1 Summary

2 Dimensions

3 Mesh

4 Boundary Conditions and Solution Strategy

5 Results

6 References

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Summary

This report summarizes the results of an externalaerodynamic CFD analysis performed by Altairs Virtual
Wind Tunnel, leveraging AcuSolves CFD technology.
The first section provides a brief overview of the run and its results.
Simulation type
steady
Element count
2183557
Run time ( Elapse time ) 0.302 h
Wind Tunnel Inlet
205.92 0.00 0.00 m/s
Drag coefficient, Cd
0.610
Lift coefficient, Cl
2.535
Table 1: Problem Information

Dimensions

This sections contains geometric dimensionsrelated to the wind tunnel and the body.
Wind tunnel, bounding box
Body, bounding box
Wind tunnel dimension
Body dimension
Frontal ref. area, Aref
Blockage ratio %
Distance inflow - body

[ 0.000, 8.000], [-2.000, 2.000], [ 0.000, 3.000]

[ 3.105, 5.148], [-0.679, 0.821], [ 1.052, 1.664]
8.000 m x 4.000 m x 3.000 m.
2.043 m x 1.500 m x 0.613 m.
0.744 m2
6.2
3.105 m

Table 2: Geometric Dimensions

Figure 1: Virtual Wind Tunnel

Mesh

This section contains mesh statistics and screenshots of several cutting planes through the mesh.
Numb. of nodes
Numb. of elements
Numb. of refinement zones

391389
2183557
2

Table 3: Mesh statistics

Figure 2
Figure 3

Symmetry plane
Cross section

Table 4: Cutting planes through mesh

Figure 2: Mesh in Flow Direction

Figure 3: Mesh in Cross Direction

Boundary Conditions and Solution Strategy

In this section the boundary conditions and the setup for the CFD run are listed.
Wind Tunnel Inlet
Wind Tunnel Outlet
Slip Walls
No-slip Walls

205.92 0.00 0.00 m/s

Pressure outlet
Top, right, left faces of wind tunnel
wind tunnel ground, body, wheels, heat-exchange
Table 5: Boundary conditions

Simulation type
Number of time steps
Turbulence model
Moving ground
Rotating wheels

steady
100
Spalart-Allmaras
False
False

Table 6: Solution Strategy

Results

In this section the results of the CFD run are reported. Table 7 gives an overview of the different result types.
Table 8
Table 9
Figure 4
Figure 5, 6, 7
Figure 8
Figure 9, 10
Figure 11, 12
Figure 13, 14, 15

Drag, lift and cross coefficient of individual parts and their totals
Drag area of individual parts and their totals
Drag, lift and cross coefficient history
Pressure contours on body, symmetry and cross section plane
Pressure coefficient on body surface
Velocity contours on symmetry and horizontal cut plane
Streamlines around body
Body Surface y+ contours
Table 7: Results

Surface Drag Coefficient

Design3 0.60972
Total
0.609721177463

Lift Coefficient
2.53476
2.53476461349

Cross Coefficient
-0.00197
-0.00197323133653

Table 8: Coefficients

Surface Drag Area

Design3 0.45363
Total
0.453632556032
Table 9: Drag Areas

To compute the above aerodynamic coefficients, the following equations are used
Drag coefficient, Cd =
Lift coefficient, Cl =

2Fx
rhov 2 Aref

2Fz
rhov 2 Aref

Cross coefficient, Cc =

2Fy
rhov 2 Aref

with

Fx , Fy , andFz , forces are acting on the body in x, y and z directions, respectively

rho is density of air (1.225 kg/m3 )
v is free stream velocity
Aref is frontal projected area of the object
Drag area, Cd Aref =

2Fx
rhov 2

Pressure coefficient, Cp =

ppinf inity
0.5rhov 2

Figure 4: Coefficients

Figure 5: Body Surface Pressure Contours

Figure 6: Mid Plane Pressure Contours

Figure 7: Cross Plane Pressure Contours

Figure 8: Body Surface Pressure Coefficient

10

Figure 9: Mid Plane Velocity Contours

Figure 10: Cross Plane Velocity Contours

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Figure 11: Stream lines

Figure 12: Stream lines Side View

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Figure 13: Body Surface y+ Front View

Figure 14: Body Surface y+ Rear View

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Figure 15: Body Surface y+ Bottom View

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References
Altair Engineering Inc, 2013, Virtual Wind Tunnel, Online Documentation
Altair Engineering Inc, 2013, AcuSolve Command Reference Manual.
Hucho, W.-H., 1997, Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles, SAE, ISBN 0-7680-0029-7.

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