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c

c
c

c
c
c
 c
c
cc
c

c
c

c
c
cccc



c  c   c  cccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
c cc   c
cccccccccccccccccccccccccc
 c c
 c
c

m m 
 

c
c

cc

c  c
c

 c
c

!c
c
!c
c
"c
c
 c

!!c
!!" c
$"!c
%""$$c
$"$" c
%"c
!! c

! c
%%$c
!%c
"$!!c
$$!c
 c
! %!c

"#$c
#!c
#!"c
#! c
#!$c
#c
#!c

%c
$c
c
!!!!c
!!!c
!!!!c
!!!c
!!!"c
!!!c
!!! c
!!!%c
!!!$c
!!!c

!$"c
$c
!!!!!c
!!c
$c
""c
"" c
!"$c
%!%c
  "c
% c
$" "c
%c

$c
! c
 c
%"c
$c
%!!!c
%!! c
% !c
%$"c
$!!c
$"!c
!c
!!c

#!c
#c
# c
#%c
#$c
#!c
#!c
#!!c
#!"c
#! c
#!$c
#c
#c

c
c Specific e celuluic
esciee cecetic c cleg tuilciteccelecteic i ilec
c cpfitulcitec ut
ccc
 ccheltuielilec uget e
c cppul ti
csecp tecf ceccuc utulc cteicele:c
c f( j cc j c ce plic c i ti c uluicicfuctiececcheltuielic
c f( ! cc ! c ce plic c i ti c uluicicfuctiececppul tiec
c f( j
c ! cc c ce plic c i ti cpfituluicpecse  c  ilcf cticc
etific e cfuctieicecegesiec cpielcu celecsece lize z ccuc utulc
epezet iicg ficec c i ilelc cicfuctiececcelel ltecc i ilecf cti lec 
cespectic


!c
c



G





G




c


G





G
 

 

 

 

 


 

c
&'c(cc))c c'c c*c)c+,c )'-c*c)c+!c c&c +c'c c( #)&c
 (ccc&' c c c'c*,c&(c' c c'c+,c )'-c'c+!,c)c(('c) c
'c-c&c' c c)cc  c'c.c&' #c

c
cccc cccc j ccc ! ccic
cccchetuget ecccpul tiecic

c
c

c Ysti e cp  etilc
c
 csicicc zulceluluicecegesieclii  csipl
csicicc zulcegesieiclii ecultiplecc
flsicpetucesti eccc ececesit cefectu e cu t elcc lcule:c tiee c
sisteuluicececu tiic lecpicc lculucei telcp ti lecic ptccucp  etiic
eluluic
(

ccccicc

( ccc cc j c cc ! c

c
epeetc i le:cc
eth:ce stcSqu esc
 te:c ! ccc"ie:c:c
S ple:ccc
cluec se tis:cc
 i lec
#Y"c
*+,"Yc
c
- squ ec
,ustec- squ ec
SYcfcegessic
Sucsqu ecesic
gcli.elihc
u i / tscst tc

efficietc

StcYc

t St tisticc

 cc

!$%&'c ()$$c
$(%%!c )%%)(('c
''$(!c &('$('c

&')!)'c
!$%&c
)(!'%c

c
!(()c
)!%c

'$)(%ccccce cepeetc c
!'&((cccccScepeetc c
!$(!ccccc,. i.ecifcciteic
Y'cccccSchw zcciteic
(!&&ccccc st tisticc
%)'ccccc ( st tisticc

!%%%!c
&&$(!c
((!&&c
))%'c
!)$$&c
c

c
Ysti tic :c
c
Scc#Y"c*+,"Ycc
c
Ysti ticYqu ti:c
c
cc(0#Y"cc(0*+,"Ycc(c
c
Su stitutecefficiets:c
c
c
c
c
cc
 
cc
    

c
cc

c


ec z c cestc liccec icscsecptcc lcul c tee ceiecp t tic c c i ileic


eziu lec12csic teileceiicp t ticec leccelcicesti ticc13c
c13csic13c
c
c

"c
c

Observation

c
!c
c
"c
c
c
%c
$c
c
!c
c
!c
c
"c
c
 c
%c
$c
c
!!c

Predicted Y
%!# $" c
!$%#"!!$c
!#!%"c
$! "# !$c
!!#!%c
!#! c
$#!%!c
"%#"$c
% #!"%"c
$!"#!! c
$!#%" c
! !# ! c
" #!%c
"!#"""c
"$%!#$ c
"!!#$%c
 !$$#%!c
  !!#$  c
$"!"#" !%c
""#$!c

Residuals
% !#""c
/!#"!!%%c
/$!%#!%"c
/$!! # !$"c
/! #!%c
/%$#! c
/!$#!% c
/"$#"$!"c
!! %#!c
$%#"!! c
!!$$#!!"!c
!$ %#"!c
$$"#!!%"c
" "# %c
"#!"c
!"#$"!%c
"%#!$ c
#! !c
"#! $!c
/!!"#$!!%c

3ccc ''$
(!ccccccccccc13cc&('$(
'ccccc 
)!%4
(c cceptc#c

c3cc
!cccccccccccccccccc13c
()cccccccccccccccc 
5
(c

cceptc#c

3ccc$(%
%!ccccccccccc13c)%%)(
('cccccccc 
!(()4
(c cceptc#c

12ccc!$()c
c
c

  etulc3cccseific ticifeitcecze
ccee ccecise  cc c tucicc cppul ti c
  eccst t c
ci c l e ccheltuielilc uget eccesteccuccili
cpusulcitec
utccesteccuc
!cilli eceuc
c
c
c
c
c

cc "est e cp  etilc


c
Ysti tiicsutcseific ticifeiticecze
ccucucp gcecseific tiecc c cseceific c






u t elecel tii:cccc


c4tccscic
c4tcsicc
4ct i ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc


13
cstiicc cc:cc3ccc ''$
(!ccccccccccc13cc&('$(
'cccccc

ccccccccccccccc3cc
!cccccccccccccccccccc13c
()ccccccccccccccccc
ccccccccccccccccc3ccc$(%
%!cccccccccccc13c)%%)(
('cccccccccsicluc cl cucp gcec


seific tiecccc(cict el cisti utieicstuetcsecpei c l e ct 


 . cc ic cccccc
t
(c6c)
cc
c
etuccccccccc cccptezeccc#c:ccccc
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc#:ccccc7c
c
c c lcul cctcc lcc:c

 




)(!c(tcst






tciceiewsc

cccccccccccccccccccccccccc
c tcc lcc5cctt el ccezult c cceptc#c
c
c
c
etuccccccccc ccptezeccc#c:cccc
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc#:ccccc7c
c
c c lcul cctcc lcc:

  
c
&
')c(tcst tciceiewsc
   


cccccccccccccccccccccccccc
c tcc lccc4cctt el ccezult c cceptc#c
c
c
c
etuccccccccc cccptezeccc#c:cccc
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc#:ccccc7c
c c lcul cctcc lcc:
cccccccccccccccccccccccccc
c tcc lccc5cctt

   
c


!$%c(ctcst tciceiewsc
 



el ccezult

c cceptc#c
c

ec z cc lculelcec icsuscsec se cc ccesti tulcccestecseific ticifeitcec


ze
ccucucp gcecseific tiecccc(ci ccsiccucsutcseific ticifeiticeczecc
ccc,cesteccsie tiic ucezult tcic  liz cefectu t c c sup cuuices ticeccec
 se ti tit cf ptuluicc cec z cpeciptez cc cesti tiilecue z ccep titiec
 l cicuulc liic e  te
elulc tiutcte uiectest t"estulc8tc ccuscl c
u t elecccluziic sup cseific tieicp  etilcesti ti:c cp  etulccec
seific ti
cecicf ctulc8cheltuielic uget ece ecit ccifluet cetei t c sup c
pusuluicitec utc  etulccccesti tcesteceseific tic
fiicf tec ppi tcec
zec
ecicf ctulc8ppul tiecuc cfstc iec lescc cf ctcecifluet c cpusuluicitec
utc
c
c , liz c i tieicc(,9*,c
c

01c0 0c
c

c
Regression Statistics
cc
!#$ ""c
c
2 c
!#!"% "c
(3)(cc
2 c !#$!"!c

( (c c
!$"#!%c
.) - )c
!!c

c
-ezult telecsutc cele sicc cicYY/Sc
4c
c

df
 )) c
)(c
 c

SS
!c
%c
c

c
MS

$"!"$!c
"%!"! "c
$ c
% !#c
!!%$%c cc
ccc

cSignificance
F
F
!#!$"/
$!#%""!c
!c
ccc

c
eific e cesiilit tiiceluluic
etuc c ccept ciptez ceclii it tecsecc lcule z cceficietulceccel tieclii  :c
ccc 

 0
'(!%$$cc

%c
c

Secp tec se cc c


icc zulcueicleg tuiclii e
 ptulceccel tiecesteceg lccuc
ceficietulceccel tieclii  cc- ptulceccel tiecultipl c(ultiplec-ceste'(!%$$c
sic  t ccleg tu cf tecputeic citec i ileceficietulceccel tieclii  ctiec
c tec
ccee cceciic ccputeic ccel tieclii  citeccelecu c i ilec
eficietulcecetei
pcetu lc(c':csic  t
esti t ccucc tcestec
 ic ecsicecicitesit

tiecc- cc(-cSqu ec ec l e c'$)(%cc,cest cestece pi tc


cc tcic i t c i ileicepeetecestece plic t cececu ti c
ic ppi tcecccuc t tcp te cic i ti cluic ce plic tecec cestec
te cleg tuiicitec i ilecestec icputeic c

c
ec "e t e c liit tiiceluluic
ptezelececlucuc:c#c:celulcucestec lic
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc#c:celulcestec lic
c lcc
c ic ccst tisticc:c!
)$c
t

el :c
c.
c . cc
(c6c6c)&
('c

ucc lcc4ct el c
cezult cf ptulcc csecespigec#csicsec ccept ciptez c lte ti c#cic
u ec
celulc  liz tcestec li
ci cp  etiicsutcseific tiicpetucelc
fucti c
fiic iec le s c
c
fc ptezeleceluluicecegesiec
c

,utcel e ceilc

"estulcu ic/ tsc:cict elulcYiewsc


cputec se cf ptulcc c
%)
cc ecestec
p pecec
cpicu eceilecsutc utcel tecpzitic
c
"estulceushc;f c:ccptezec:c#c:cc
ccc
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc#:ccc7cc
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc( .0-c<=pc
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc( 0'%
cc
uc=
.c=
(c6cc(
''ccc-ezult c4c=
.c
ceilecsutc utcel tec( cceptc#c
c
$c
c

r  c  c   
c c 
c



c
!"  c

 
ccccc
   ccccc

!! 
c
!! 
c

c
c
c
c

c 
 c
# 
c$ !  c"  #c

 c 
c  c
#
 c % % ccc  c c
 c&c' c &&c  c
c
c(  c
$ ! c


c

c
  
c
c
"  #)c
"  #)c

  c
  c
 c
 c
 c

"  c
*
c"  c
 cc & c
c  c c
&c + c
# !,
c

c


 c

c




c


c
 c
 c
 c
 c


c
 c
 c
 c
 c

 cccccc 
c' c
 ccccc # c 
c' c
 ccccc++cc 
 c
 ccccc (c 
 c
 ccccc 


c
 ccccc !) 


c

 c
 c
c

! ccc
 c
 c
 c
 c
 c
  c
 c
 c
 c
 c
 c

c
, ciceeecf ptulcc c c5
(c
cise  cc c cceptciptez c lte ti c#c
c ic c
eilecsutc utcel tec
c
c cc#etesce sticit tec
c
"estulc/hite:ccccccccptezecc#c:c1cccstc
c
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc#c:c1c7ccstc
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc0-c<=pc
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc0'!c
uc=
.c=
(c6cc(
''ccc-ezult c4c=
.c
c,cceptc#c(espigc#c
celulcestec
hetesce sticc
c
, ciceeecf ptulcc c c5
(c
cise  cc c cceptciptez c lte ti c#c
c ic c
elulcestechetesce stic
cup ccucsecp tec se cictestulcefectu tc icsc
c

c
c

,
c 
 +

c 
c



c
!"  c

 ccccc
 ccccc

!! 
c
!! 
c

c
c

c 
 c
# 
c$ !  c" #-c

 c 
c  c
#
 c%%ccc  c c
  ccc
 c! '
 cc
$ ! c
c
c
-c
  c
 c
 -c
"  c
*
c"  c
  cc & c
c  c c
&c + c
# !,
c

c

 c
 c
c


c


 c  c




c

 c
 c
 c
 c
 c
 c

 c
 c
 c
 c
 c
 c

 c
 c
 c
 c
 c
 c

 cccccc 
c' c
 ccccc # c 
c' c
ccccc++cc 
 c
 ccccc (c 
 c
 ccccc 


c
 ccccc !) 


c

! ccc
 c
 c
 c
 c
 c
 c
c
 c
 c
 c
 c
 c

c
c
ulticlii it tec
c
iteiulcluic>leic
c
c
 l e cluicc-c'$)(%c
c

c
"".cccc"c

 c
c
c

c
 c

c
c
c c
c c

 c c
c
c
c c c
c c c

c
c
&c
-c5ccc(
'5
'$cee ccecise  cc c eccel tieciteccelecc i ilec
c ic c
eculticlii it te
ci cu citec i ilecte uiecelii tec
c
c
c
!c
c

"est e c lit tiic


c
pteze:cccc#c:cic?9(
1c
c

ccccccccccccccccc#c:cic@?9(
1c
c
up ccucsecp tec se cicg ficulcec icsc:ciic tulcA quece c  t c
(%c
4
(c
cpicu ec cceptcc#c






 O

'  O








O
OOOO

 OOOO

OOOO




 
 
  
!
'
"
#

$  

 
 
 O
OO
 OO
OO


% &
'

(   )

OO
OO

OOOO
c

c
cluziic
eficietulccccestecc ''$
(!c"eeulcli ecestecpuctulcBcc ec i ilelece plic tiec
(f cti lcsutcce ecec 

c 
)c
cp ilit te cestecec
)!ci cp gulcec

seific Ciecestecec
(cBse ccc cestcceficietcesteceseific ticec ltfelcf ptulc
ccliit cifei c cite luluicecBceeec( !()()c @ O @ c%(!!!cpetuc cestc
p  etucesteceg ti
ci cliit csupei cestecpzitic  tcccp  etulcic
clectiit te cgee lcestec p i ticzecc
c
eficietulccestec
!
ccee ccecBsecccl ccestee ccheltuielilc uget eccucc
ili
cpusulcitec utc cceteccuc
!cili eceuce ecec  j c&
')c
c
p ilit te cestecec
ci cp gulcecseific Ciecestecec
(cBse ccc cestc
ceficietcestecseific ticte lulcecBceeec(
)c @ j @ c&
$'cpetuc cestc
p  etucesteccpziticcccccccccc
c
c

eficietulcccestec$(%
%!
ccee ccecBsecc cl ccestee cu uluiceclcuiticcuc
ucili
ccpusulcitec utc cceteccuc$(%
%!ce ecec  ! c
!
cp ilit te c
estecec
!((ci cp gulcecseific Ciecestecec
(cBse ccc cestcceficietcestec
eseific ticec ltfel
cf ptulcc cliit cifei  c cite lulcecBceeec( $)%$
%)c
@ j @ c)('!cpetuc cestcp  etucesteceg ti
ci cliit csupei  cestecpziti c
 t cc cp  etulcicclectiit te cgee l cestec p i ticzecccccc
c
-cc'(!%cc  tcccBtecu cteic i ilecce istcclegtucputeicciectc
c
-cc'$)(%c  tccc':cic i Ci cpusuliuicitec utcestece plic tcecel6c
c
c cestct elcestecc lcul tctestulccpetuc li e celuluicecegesiec
cDtuctccc!
)$
ci ccSignificance  aguleemnificaie)estecc( l ec ic
ic cec(c tucicelulcecegesieccstuitcestec licicp tecficutiliz tcpetuc
 liz cepeeCeiciteccelecu c i ilec
c

!c
c

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