Research Dossier

MUSM 6
Emily Dykeman
Oct. 21, 2016

Figure 1: Ovaltine Jar

Accession Number: 986.97.25

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1

History
The selected item is a glass Ovaltine jar. The jar was donated to the Peterborough
Museum & Archives in 1986. Neither the donor or the owner was included in the file. The
museum file claims that the jar is from the 1930s, but this is clearly not the case. Though the
exact date cannot be determined, the jar is most likely from the early 1980s.
The label on the jar cites
Don Mills, Ontario. Information
on the Ovaltine Food Products
plant in Don Mills is almost nonexistent. According to multiple
business profile websites,

Figure 2: A close-up of the jars label referencing Don Mills, Ontario.

Wander Limited (of which Ovaltine Food is a division) did have a building registered at 1377
Lawrence Avenue, Don Mills in 1982.1 However, the purpose of this building is unknown. All
sites agree that this company is no longer active and was amalgamated into the company
Sandoz Canada Inc.2 The exact dates of the companys operations are not entirely clear. The
information provided appears to indicate that the Don Mills branch of Wander Limited was
amalgamated in the same month it was first opened, December of 1982. 3

Wander Limited Don Mills ON Canada, Companies of Canada, Accessed Oct. 04, 2016,
http://www.companiesofcanada.com/company/140742-2/wander-limited.
2
Ibid.
3
Wander Limited, CAN1 Business, accessed Oct. 04, 2016, https://www.can1business.com/company/InactiveAmalgamated/Wander-Limited.

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It is possible that the label on the jar references the location of the company. Multiple
articles indicate that when Wander Limited came to Canada, the head office was located in
Toronto. As Don Mills is in the Greater Toronto Area, it could be that the offices were located
there. If that is the case, the Business websites referenced above have the wrong information,
and the Ovaltine product from the jar was likely made in Peterborough, the only other Ovaltine
Food Products site in Ontario. More research into the Don Mills location would have to be
done to confirm this.
The history of Ovaltine itself is a rather long one. In 1904, Swiss chemist Dr. Georg
Wander was looking for a way to stop the spread of malnutrition. 4 He turned to barley malt,
studying its health benefits. Dr. Wander then combined his barley malt with other ingredients
such as milk, eggs, and cocoa to produce the product Ovomaltine which became todays
Ovaltine.5 Ovaltine first came to Canada in 1910 as a European export. It was warehoused in
Toronto and Montreal and sold through drug stores as a nutritional supplement. 6 It would later
be sold through grocery stores.7
As Ovaltines popularity grew and demand in Canada increased, a head office for
Wander Limited was built in Toronto, but the company wanted to look elsewhere for a
manufacturing plant. 8 Peterborough was chosen due to the abundance of fresh water available,

The Story of Wander AG, Wander, accessed Oct. 13, 2016,

http://www.wander.ch/de/unternehmen/geschichte/wander/.
5
About Us, Ovaltine, last modified 2013,http://www.ovaltine.co.uk/about/about-us/.
6
Way Back to 1929: Peterborough Chosen as Home for Ovaltine, Peterborough Examiner (Peterborough, ON),
1980.
7
Ibid.
8
Ibid.

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as well as the pleasing landscape that would be attractive to prospective employees.9 Some
sources, such as the Peterborough Scrapbook: A Pictoral History of the City of Peterborough
1825-1975, cite 1927as the year building began on the Ovaltine plant, but pictures from the
Archives suggest that building did not begin until 1929. The building was completed in 1930,
and this is the first year the company Wander Limited appears in the citys directories. It is
possible, however, that the site for the plant had been chosen in 1927.
The plant was erected in Elmwood Park, where Landsdowne Street meets Park Street
and it began production in J uly of 1930.10 The original plant was 50 000 square feet and
employed fifteen people.11 A Mrs. Walton claimed she made seven dollars a week working at
the plant in 1936 or 1937.12 In 1976, Wander Limited acquired the Natural Nut Confection Co.
whose operations moved to the Peterborough plant. 13 A new 70 000 square foot expansion was
required and the employment doubled from forty-five people to ninety.14
The exact year of when Original Ovaltine stopped being produced in Peterborough is
unknown. A 1976 article in the Peterborough Examiner says that the plant was still producing
both original and chocolate Ovaltine that year. 15 Another article from 1984 says that production
of Ovaltine Original had ceased as it was cheaper to import it from Europe.16 Therefore the
products production ceased sometime between 1976 and 1984. However, the article from

Ibid.
Elwood Jones and Bruce Dyer, The Electric City, (Burlington: Windsor Publications Ltd., 1987), 77.
11
Way Back to 1929, Peterborough Examiner.
12
Mrs. Walton, interviewer unknown, Trent Archives, 1974, transcript.
13
Pete Miller, Ovaltine Expansion almost complete, Peterborough Examiner (Peterborough, ON), Feb. 20, 1976.
14
Ibid.
15
Ibid.
16
Wander Ltd. Its Pumping out the Poppycock for Us to Enjoy, Peterborough Examiner (Peterborough, ON),
March 27, 1984.
10

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1984 mentions that Ovaltines hot chocolate mix was still being made. 17 Once again, the exact
year this product stopped being produced is unknown.
In 1988 the plant was purchased from Wander Limited by a private owner. 18 Though the
site was still used as a barley malt plant, it can be assumed that all Ovaltine and Wander
Limited products ceased to be produced. The plants name was changed to United Canadian
Malt and continued to operate until 2015 when the CPR rail line that had previously supplied
the plant was closed.19
Material
The material used to make the jar itself is manufactured glass. The lid is made of metal,
though the exact kind of metal is unknown. It is possibly aluminum. The jars label is made of
treated paper infused with ink. One end of the paper is attached to the other by some form of
adhesive.
The main material, or ingredient, of the Ovaltine product itself, is barley malt. A
number of additional ingredients are added to the malt. These include powdered milk, cocoa
powder (reduced fat), sugar, calcium carbonate, rapeseed oil, magnesium carbonate, vitamins
(C, E, B12, etc.), iron, zinc, sulphate and salt. 20

17

Ibid.
Home, United Canadian Malt. Last Modified 2008. http://www.unitedcanadianmalt.ca/index.html.
19
Sarah Frank, United Canadian Malt Plant to Shut Down After Nearly 30 Years in Peterborough,
MyKwartha.com. July 02, 2015. http://www.mykawartha.com/news-story/5706079-united-canadian-malt-plantto-shut-down-after-nearly-30-years-in-peterborough/.
20
Original Ovaltine, Ovaltine, accessed Oct. 19, 2016, http://www.ovaltine.co.uk/explore-the-range/ovaltineoriginal/original-ovaltine-add-milk/
18

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Construction
Judging by the time period the jar was made in, and the mass production of Ovaltine,
the glass of the jar was made with an automatic machine. As such, the jar was made in a mould,
and was likely one in a batch of hundreds. This process ensured uniformity among all Ovaltine
products sold at this time. The underside of the jar is embossed with three separate numbers
(6, 1, and 12274). The purpose of these numbers is currently unknown. In the center of these
numbers is the makers mark: a letter C within a triangle with rounded corners. This indicates
that the company who made the jar is Consumers Glass Company. 21 Though this has not been
confirmed, the Ovaltine jars makers mark matches wine and beer bottles sourced to
Consumers Glass, and the company operated out of Toronto, putting it in close proximity to the
Wander Limited plant located in Don Mills.
The mouth of the Ovaltine jar is circled by grooves which correspond to the grooves on
the metal lid that caps the jar. The jar screws onto the top of the jar, sealing the contents
inside. Once again, it is not confirmed, but we can assume that the lid was made in the same
factory as the jar. If this is the case, it was likely made in a similar fashion to the glass jar: using
an automatic machine and a mould.
The construction of the label is, for the large part, unknown. It is clear that the label is
made from a treated paper infused with ink. The information on the label is in accordance with
Canadas national standards, laws and regulations for food packaging. It is likely that the label
was applied via a machine, but whether it was done at the same plant as the glass jar could not

21

Glass Manufacturers Marks on Bottles & Other Glassware, Glass Bottle Marks. Accessed Oct. 18, 2016.
http://www.glassbottlemarks.com/bottlemarks-2/.

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be determined. An adhesive holds one end of the label to the other. This adhesive is either
heat-activated or pressure-sensitive. More research into the specifics of label making and a
closer look at the label itself would likely provide more
answers concerning this topic.
Design
The glass of the jar is a dark amber colour. For the
purposes of description, I will divide it into two sections: the
base and the neck. The base of the jar is a standard
cylindrical form. The neck, located above the base, is
considerably narrower and has a fluted shape (See. Fig. 1).

Figure 3: A picture showing the fluted neck

of the bottle and the orange of the jar's lid.

The neck begins to widen again as it approaches the mouth

of the jar which is capped by a metal, twist-on lid. The lid is orange and has Natural Ovaltine
printed on top in white.
The base of the jar has a paper label wrapped around
it. The label is the same orange as the lid. All of the required
nutritional and legal information, such as the ingredients
used, and where it was made, are printed in thin black letters.
The front of the jar features a yellow oval with Ovaltine
printed in light blue at the top. The center of the oval has the
illustration of the Ovaltine lady, a woman in traditional
Swiss clothing carrying a basket of barley. This illustration

Figure 4: A close up of the jar's label

showing the famous "Ovaltine Lady."

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harkens back to the history of the product itself, which was developed in Switzerland.22 The
Ovaltine Lady was used on early packaging and was reintroduced in 1974. 23
Function
The jars original function was to hold Ovaltine. This allowed easy transport and sale of
the product. Like all packaging, it also represented the brand and was a form of advertising
while on the grocery store shelf. The function of holding the product extended past the
products purchase as well. It would hold the product during its use in the purchasers home. As
the owner of the jar is unknown, it cannot be determined whether the jar was used for
anything other than its original function. It is entirely possible that the jar was used to hold
something else when the Ovaltine product was gone. If this was the case, there is no evidence
left on or within the jar.
The function of Ovaltine itself is harder to quantify in words and has likely changed over
time as Wander Foods branding changed. However, it is clear that when Dr. George Wander
invented Ovaltine, he was researching the health benefits of barley malt. Therefore, health
benefits were at the center of Ovaltines original function. According to the products website,
Ovaltine was launched as the very first convenient and complete milk fortifier. It was intended
to provide hot, nutritional drinks that would strengthen. 24

22

About Us, Ovaltine.

Timeline. Ovaltine, Last modified 2013, http://www.ovaltine.co.uk/about/timeline/
24
About Us, Ovaltine.
23

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Identification
Based on the five properties of history, material, construction, design and function, the
object is clearly an authentic Ovaltine jar. The jars labelling suggests that the product was
made in Canada, whether at a Don Mills Ovaltine Food Products plant or at the one in
Peterborough. The jar itself was also likely made in Ontario given that the makers mark
matches the Consumers Glass Companys mark. Though the exact year the jar was made is
unknown, it can be determined that it was some time during the early 1980s. The Ovaltine
plant in Peterborough did not begin to use glass packaging until 1956, and it can be assumed
that a plant in Don Mills would have as well to maintain uniformity.25 The image of the
Ovaltine Lady, which is featured on the front of the jars label, was not reintroduced until
1974.26 Furthermore, the label on the jar includes a barcode. Barcodes did not become
popularized until the 1980s.27
Evaluation
Because the Ovaltine jar was made via mould and was likely one in a batch of hundreds,
one would assume that it is not a particularly rare piece of Ovaltine history. That being said, a
search for matching jars using sources such as EBay, Etsy, and museum websites was
unsuccessful. This result could be analyzed in two ways. The first is that because there are no
examples of it, this particular design of Ovaltine jar is rare. The second is that it is not rare, as
there is not a market for it among collectors.

25

Wander Ltd, Peterborough Examiner.

Timeline. Ovaltine.
27
Gavin Weightman, The History of the Barcode, Smithsonian.com, Last modified Sept, 23, 2015,
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/history-bar-code-180956704/?no-ist
26

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There does appear to be a demand for similar Ovaltine jars. A number of dark amber
glass jars appear on the sites, but their design is very different. Instead of heaving a fluted neck,
these jars are completely rounded, and the glass is often dimpled rather than smooth. The
labels are also very different. Rather than featuring the Ovaltine Lady, they simply have the
name Ovaltine printed over a background of yellow or orange. They are advertised as Vintage
Ovaltine Jars, and, as far as I can tell, mostly come from the 1980s. I was unable to confirm
these dates from more reliable sources. It also appears that the jars are from the United States,
but, again, this could not be confirmed. This may indicate that the Ovaltine jar this dossier is
concerned with is something of a rarity, simply because it was made in Canada and has a design
that is distinctive.
There is a much greater demand for Ovaltine tin containers. At Peterborough, tin
containers were used until 1956, when the company switched to glass.28 These tins are usually
tall and perfectly cylindrical. They are completely wrapped in a coloured label (usually orange,
though colour varies) with large print and no images. The few museum collections I was able to
find that contained Ovaltine products, had these tins rather than the jars. The Peterborough
Museum & Archives is in possession of one such tin that held chocolate Ovaltine. Many of the
examples I found online were from the 1930s or 40s.
Today, Ovaltine uses plastic packaging, as many companies do. It is a cheaper than glass,
less fragile, and lighter. Though some products are still sold in glass jars, the majority of
products are sold in either plastic or metal containers. This fact may give the Ovaltine jar some

28

Wander Ltd. Peterborough Examiner.

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value. It is from a time before plastic took over the packaging market. In fact, it is likely a relic
from the transition period between these two products.
Cultural Analysis
When Ovaltine first came to
Canada, it was only sold through
drugstores. Therefore, it was only
advertised through medical conventions,
aimed at doctors and nurses.29 But during
the rise of advertising, Ovaltine became a
household name. According to the Ovaltine
website, the first print ad for the product
was released in 1913.30 By 1921, Ovaltine
advertisements had begun to appear in
newspapers.31 As the advertising world
advanced, so did Ovaltine. Ads for the
product can be found from every decade.

Figure 5: An Ovaltine advertisement from the 1970s featuring "The

Ovaltine Lady"

Ovaltine also took advantage of the radio. In Britain, Ovaltine launched their own radio
show in 1935 featuring the Ovaltineys.32 Young children could join the League of Ovaltineys and

29

Way Back to 1929, Peterborough Examiner.

Timeline, Ovaltine.
31
Way Back to 1929, Peterborough Examiner.
32
Timeline, Ovaltine.
30

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receive weekly messages.33 It was very popular among youth, running both before and after the
war.34 It was so iconic that Ovaltine decided to use the shows famous song in their 1980s ad
campaign, an advertisement that may have been running when this jar was produced.35
In North America, Ovaltine was notorious for a different radio show. In the early 1930s,
the company partnered with Little Orphan Annie. 36 This classic radio show was beloved by
children and adults alike, and the Ovaltine brand was carried to stardom with it. The
partnership was featured in the Christmas movie classic, A Christmas Story. In the movie, the
main character, Ralphie, is an avid listener of Little Orphan Annie and solves a code that results
in the advertisement Be sure to drink your Ovaltine. 37
Ovaltine was also heavily sponsored in the sports world. In 1932 Ovaltine became the
sponsor for athletes and officials in both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. 38 Ovaltine
continued to sponsor Olympic athletes for many years afterward. In the same year, Ovaltine
sponsored Robert Abbott, a golfer from the Peterborough area. 39 Abbott was originally from
the United States but moved to Peterborough in 1920 to establish the Raybestos Company. 40
While in Peterborough he was on the Canadian Seniors Golf Team, director of the Royal
Canadian Golf Association, and president of the Ontario Golf Association.41 Abbott was featured

33

Sean Stree, The Memory of Sound: Preserving the Sonic Past (New York: Routledge, 2015), 26.
Ibid.
35
Ibid.
36
Little Orphan Annie, The Old Time Radio Catalog, Accessed Oct. 17, 2016, https://www.otrcat.com/p/littleorphan-annie.
37
A Christmas Story, directed by Bob Clark (1983; Warner Bros, 1999), DVD.
38
The Story of Wander AG, Wander.
39
Elwood H. Jones, 100 Stories Mostly Peterborough (Peterborough: Trent Valley Archives, 2009), 222.
40
Robert Abbott, Peterborough and District Sports Hall of Fame, 2016. Accessed Oct. 17, 2016.
http://pdshof.com/inductee/robert-abbott/.
41
Ibid.
34

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in a number of Ovaltine advertisements where he credited the product for giving him strength
to compete.42
Ovaltines comprehensive marketing approach meant that it was a well-recognized
name. Though Ovaltine aligned itself with the athletic work, it appears to be most associated
with families. Many advertisements featured small children and the message that giving your
children a cup of Ovaltine before bed would ensure they had a good night sleep. The internet is
full of iconic ads from Ovaltine, especially from the early years of the product. I believe this jar
was made during a time when Ovaltine was beginning to lose its household recognition. During
the heyday of radio, when Ovaltine had two wildly popular shows on air, it was impossible to
escape. But towards the later half of the 20th century and during the 21st century, advertising
changed and Ovaltine became less iconic. This will be explored more thoroughly in the next
section.
Interpretation
Though Ovaltine can still be found in grocery stores throughout Canada, it has, in many
ways, lost its household name. When the jar was first assigned for this project, I and many of
my fellow students did not know what Ovaltine was. Those who did had never actually drunk
the product themselves despite being familiar with it. This lack of recognition is likely due to the
fact that there appears to be no recent advertising for the product in North America. This is
very different from the golden age of the radio when Ovaltine would be promoted with every
episode of Little Orphan Annie and The Ovaltineys.

42

Jones, 100 Stories, 222.

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Generations older than mine do appear to be more familiar with Ovaltine, but the
product is tied to their childhood. In 2009 Glamour released an article entitled Remember
Ovaltine?, firmly situating the product in the past. The author writes A glass of chocolate malt
[Ovaltine] makes me feel like Im 10 again.43 It appears that the name Ovaltine often brings a
wave of nostalgia with it. The article also acknowledges that Ovaltine kind of has a cult
following. People who love it really love it. 44 The author mentions that these dedicated
Ovaltine fans tend to add the product to many different recipes.45 A quick Pinterest search
confirms that there are an abundant number of recipes that recommend adding Ovaltine to
them. These include puddings, brownies, bread, French toast and pancakes.
Though North America may have pulled away from the Ovaltine brand, this may not be
the case in other countries such as England and Switzerland. The product originates from
Switzerland and, as of 2001, the factories there are the sole supplier of the product for all of
Europe.46 It stands to reason that the product would be more heavily advertised and recognized
in the country it began in. England was one of the first countries to begin importing Ovaltine,
and it has had a great success there.47 Production of Ovaltine began in England at a factory in
Kings Langley, and it was from England that Canada received its first shipments of the
product. 48 An article written in 2001 claims that this company sold ten million jars of Ovaltine in

43

Sarah Jio, Remember Ovaltine?, Glamour, Last modified March 30, 2009,
http://www.glamour.com/story/remember-ovaltine.
44
Ibid.
45
Ibid.
46
Ovaltine Factory Closes, BBC News, April 3 2001, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1258643.stm
47
Timeline, Ovaltine.
48
Way Back to 1929, Peterborough Examiner.

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the United Kingdom every year.49However, in 2001, the Kings Langley plant closed.50 It would
be interesting to see if the closing of the plant affected the sales of Ovaltine in the following
years. One could theorize that a factor in Ovaltines decline in Canada is tied to the fact that the
plants here stopped production. Further research would have to be done to support this idea.
It appears that Ovaltine came under some scrutiny in the last decade. A number of
articles were written between 2007 and 2012 exploring whether Ovaltine was really a healthy
drink or not. The consensus is mixed. The article from Glamour claims that Ovaltine is a healthy
way to get your daily dairy. 51 An article in Mail.com says that, though it is not the worst malted
drink mix, Ovaltine has a very high sugar content (almost a quarter of the recommended daily
amount).52 Replies from readers to the question Ovaltine good or bad?, posted on
MensHealth, are torn between these two opinions. While some advocate for the mix, others
claim its sugar content is too high and prefer flavoured protein mixes instead.53
Ovaltine is a good case study for the ever-changing face of the manufactured food
market. Ovaltine survived the depression and the war, only to fall out of favour in the twentyfirst century (if not before). The reason why remains unclear. Is it tied to the end of Canadian
production? Was the products message of a healthy boost called into question? Was it simply a
failure of the marketing department? Despite its shrinking market, Ovaltine remains a good
example of the ties that are created between people and products. The mention of Ovaltine

49

Ovaltine Factory Closes, BBC News.

Ibid.
51
Remember Ovaltine? Glamour.
52
Is your bedtime drink bad for you? MailOnline, Last modified January 2008,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-506742/Is-bedtime-drink-bad-you.html
53
Ovaltine good or bad? MensHealth, Last modified 2007,
http://forums.menshealth.com/topic/63643898175706478
50

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brings a wave of nostalgia with it. It has become inexplicably connected with a bygone age,
whether that be ones childhood or the days of the radio and Little Orphan Annie.
Further Research
Though a fair amount of information about the Ovaltine jar and Ovaltine itself was
found, some details remain unclear. It would be extremely helpful to confirm the details
surrounding the Don Mills Ovaltine Food plant. Doing so would help confirm where exactly the
Ovaltine from this jar was made and the year it was made. Given that not much information can
be found online, the best course of action would be to go to an archives concerned with Don
Mills history and look for any records of the company. One could also look through the
directories from Don Mills.
It would also be helpful to find out the specifics of the barley malt brewing process.
Actually visiting a barley malt factory would be the best way to find this information, as it would
provide the researcher with a first-hand account. At the very least, it would be useful to
interview someone who has worked at a barley malt factory. The ideal situation would be to
interview someone who worked at the Ovaltine Food Products plant in Peterborough. Such a
person would be able to offer details on the running of the plant that cannot be found
elsewhere such as where did the barley that was used come from? How many Ovaltine jars
were produced in a month? When did the plant stop producing Ovaltine, etc. Employees of
Ovaltine were listed in the Peterborough Directories, but I was unable to track them down in
the time allotted. I also found the name of the general manager at United Canadian Malt,
Monte Smith, but, once again, could not confirm his whereabouts or get in contact with him.

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Though Mr. Smith did not work at Ovaltine, an interview with him would still be useful, as he
has experience in a barley malt factory and is connected to the company that bought out
Ovaltine Food Products. He may know a great deal about the history of Ovaltine Food Products
even if he did not work there himself.
It may also be useful to look more into the construction of the jar. This could include
researching glass manufacturing in a more general sense or taking a closer look at the history of
the Consumers Glass Company specifically. The company was bought by an American glass
manufacturer, but I believe there is at least one factory still producing glass bottles and jars in
Canada. Grey Roots Museum and Archives, located just outside of Owen Sound, has a collection
of alcoholic bottles from the Consumer Glass Company and may be able to provide more
information about the company and its history.

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17

Appendix

Figure 6: A local advertisement for Ovaltine, citing the A Wander Ltd. plant in Peterborough

986.97.25
18

Figure 7: A picture documenting the original foundation of the Peterborough A Wander Ltd. Plant

986.97.25
19

Figure 8: The Peterborough A Wander Ltd. plant almost completed, and advertising Ovaltine

986.97.25
20

Figure 9: An image of the Peterborough A Wander Ltd. plant showing the rail line that supplied the barley

986.97.25
21

Bibliography
About Us. Ovaltine. Last modified 2013. http://www.ovaltine.co.uk/about/about-us/.
A Christmas Story. Directed by Bob Clark. 1983. Warner Bros, 1999. DVD.
Frank, Sarah. United Canadian Malt Plant to Shut Down After Nearly 30 Years in
Peterborough. MyKwartha.com. J uly 02, 2015. http://www.mykawartha.com/news
story/5706079-united-canadian-malt-plant-to-shut-down-after-nearly-30-years-in
peterborough/.
Glass Manufacturers Marks on Bottles & Other Glassware. Glass Bottle Marks. Accessed Oct.
18. 2016. http://www.glassbottlemarks.com/bottlemarks-2/.
Home. United Canadian Malt. Last Modified 2008.
http://www.unitedcanadianmalt.ca/index.html.
Is your bedtime drink bad for you? MailOnline. Last modified January 2008.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-506742/Is-bedtime-drink-bad-you.html.
Jio, Sarah. Remember Ovaltine? Glamour. Last modified March 30, 2009.
http://www.glamour.com/story/remember-ovaltine.
Jones, Elwood, and Bruce Dyer. The Electric City. Burlington: Windsor Publications Ltd., 1987.
Jones, Elwood H. 100 Stories Mostly Peterborough. Peterborough: Trent Valley Archives,
2009.
Little Orphan Annie. The Old Time Radio Catalog. Accessed Oct. 17, 2016.
https://www.otrcat.com/p/little-orphan-annie.
Miller, Pete. Ovaltine Expansion almost complete. Peterborough Examiner (Peterborough,
ON), Feb. 20, 1976.
Mrs. Walton. Trent Archives. Interviewer unknown 1974. Transcript.
Original Ovaltine. Ovaltine. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016. http://www.ovaltine.co.uk/explore-the
range/ovaltine-original/original-ovaltine-add-milk/.
Ovaltine Factory Closes. BBC News, April 3 2001.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1258643.stm.
Ovaltine good or bad? MensHealth. Last modified 2007.
http://forums.menshealth.com/topic/63643898175706478.

986.97.25
22

Robert Abbott. Peterborough and District Sports Hall of Fame. Accessed Oct. 17, 2016.
http://pdshof.com/inductee/robert-abbott/.
Stree, Sean. The Memory of Sound: Preserving the Sonic Past. New York: Routledge, 2015.
The Story of Wander AG. Wander, accessed Oct. 13, 2016.
http://www.wander.ch/de/unternehmen/geschichte/wander/.
Timeline. Ovaltine. Last modified 2013. http://www.ovaltine.co.uk/about/timeline/
Wander Limited. CAN1 Business. Accessed Oct. 04, 2016.
https://www.can1business.com/company/Inactive-Amalgamated/Wander-Limited.
Wander Limited Don Mills ON Canada. Companies of Canada. Accessed Oct. 04, 2016.
http://www.companiesofcanada.com/company/140742-2/wander-limited.
Wander Ltd. Its Pumping out the Poppycock for Us to Enjoy. Peterborough Examiner
(Peterborough, ON), March 27, 1984.
Way Back to 1929: Peterborough Chosen as Home for Ovaltine. Peterborough Examiner
(Peterborough, ON), 1980.
Weightman, Gavin. The History of the Barcode. Smithsonian.com. Last modified Sept, 23,
2015. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/history-bar-code-180956704/?no
ist
Image Sources
Fig. 1 Emily Dykeman, Ovaltine Jar. 2016. Personal Photograph.
Fig. 2 Emily Dykeman, Don Mills. 2016. Personal Photograph.
Fig. 3 Emily Dykeman, Ovaltine Jar Detail. 2016. Personal Photograph.
Fig. 4 Emily Dykeman, The Ovaltine Lady. 2016. Personal Photograph.
Fig. 5 Ovaltine Countryside Goodness. 1970s. Printed Advertisement. Available from
Ovaltine.co.uk. http://www.ovaltine.co.uk/about/history-advertising/ (accessed Oct. 13,
2016).
Fig. 6 Makes Milk More Popular with Children. Date unknown. Printed Advertisement.
Available from Peterborough Museum & Archives (accessed Oct. 19, 2016).

986.97.25
23

Fig. 7 Ovaltine Foundation. March 4, 1930. Photograph. Available from the Peterborough
Museum & Archives (accessed Oct. 19, 2016).
Fig. 8 Untitled. Oct. 10, 1930. Photograph. Available from the Peterborough Museum &
Archives (accessed Oct. 19, 2016).
Fig. 9 Untitled. Date Unknown. Photograph. Available from the Peterborough Museum &
Archives (accessed Oct. 19, 2016).
Extended Bibliography
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http://greyroots.pastperfectonline.com/bycreator?keyword=Consumers+Glass
Delicious Ovaltine Recipes. Pinterest. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016.
https://www.pinterest.com/OvaltineUSA/delicious-ovaltine-recipes/
Holkham, Tony. Label Writing and Planning: A Guide to Good Customer Communication. New
York: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1995.
LaBranche, Bill. Peterborough Scrapbook: A Pictoral History of the City of Peterborough 1825
1975. Peterborough: Maxwell Review, 1975.
Ovaltine Jars. Pinterest. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016.
https://www.pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=Ovaltine%20Jar&rs=typed&term_meta[]=
valtine%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=Jar%7Ctyped
The Ovaltine Collection. Our Dacorum. Last modified 2009.
http://www.ourdacorum.org.uk/page_id__348_path__0p3p71p16p43p73p.aspx
http://chudnowmuseum.org/col/000206.htm#page=objectdetails
Yam, Kit L. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology. New York: J ohn & Wiley Sons, Inc.
Publication, 2009.