Greece

2 civilizations

Minoans

3000 B.C.
-They participated in
wrestling and boxing.
Map
-They did bull jumping.
Minoans
Mycenaeans
Vanished of an earthquake and their
society ended
Trojan War

Greek Myths
Dorians
City-states: a small area within a state that governs
itself but is not an actual state by itself
Governments
Monarchy- one group holds power
Aristocracy- no lineage based power
Oligarchy- several groups share power
Democracy- people have a say in
decisions

Athens
Dracos laws: very strict laws made by King Draco
Solon: overtakes Draco and creates an assembly to vote for the
power holder
Cleisthenes: created a democracy (comes from the word
demokratia) :

The Ekklesia (assembly)-----The Boule (council of 500)-------The

Dikasteria (the courts)
(wage war)
(decided rules and what will (decide if
laws are
be brought to higher power) constitutional)
Was ancient Athens truly democratic?

Sparta
Military State: military play strong influence in government
Social structure
-Women wanted their
husbands to either die in war or

 Military service

come home victorious

Persian War
Iron- more abundant than brass
Pheidippides
Delian League- league of city-states
Golden Age
Democracy
Athenian vs. American
Art - not very accurate to body- symmetrical- birth of
Western culture
Drama
Philosophers--Plato, Aristotle (debate), Socrates
Peloponnesian War
Athens and Sparta (sparta wins)
Hellenistic Culture
Alexander the Great- built a great/massive empire
Alexandria- a city built by Alexander
Astronomy
Realism in Art-architecture

Rome
The Beginning
-Romulus and Remus: twins that built Rome
-Latins-inhabit all of Rome, Greeks-inhabit South, and Etruscans-inhabit North
-The Republic
- a place where people get to vote on leaders
-Patricians (wealthy, assume power) and Plebeians (low class, less power)
-Tribunes and the 12 tablets (laws)
-Consuls 1/10
-Senate- chooses consuls - 300 people
-Dictator- complete and absolute power
-Legions 80 groups/ 5,000 people
Conquering
-Italy
-Punic wars - wars that occur in Carthage
- Hannibal vs. Scipio (scipio wins)
Hannibal
-King of Carthages son

Scipio
-Attacks Carthage

-A military general
-Battled in Baecula
-He was called the Father of
-Had 4 children
Strategy
-Battled in 12 battles
-Full name was Hannibal Barca
- Tried for bribery and treason
-Successfully ran for office of Sufet
Rome will become an Empire (meaning they will have an
emperor)
There will be several emperors that will try to reign
power
The Last Great Emperor
Dolcdetian: strict, only Roman way, no differences
Iron fist
Tale of two halves: split Rome in half, Dolcdetian
ruled Western, another ruled Eastern
Constantines different ideas, learn from one another, open to
new ideas
Byzantium: center point of Roman empire, goes by
many names
Constantinople
Christianity: constantine convert
The Fall
Causes:

Inflation: same amount of money gives you less

Crushing Tax Burden
Political Burden
Military involvement in politics
Civil war and unrest
Division of empire
Declining interest in public affairs
Low confidence
Disloyalty
Growing contrast in rich and poor
Decline in population
Threats from invaders
Low funds
Mercenaries

Invaders
-Attila the Hun: weakens western half
Romulus Augustus

-fall of the West

-East flourishes for 1,000 years
Legacy

Latin
Architecture
Literature
Law
Equal treatment
Innocent until proven guilty
Punished for actions
Unreasonable laws can be set aside
R.H. Barrow Rome never fell because it turned into something even greateran idea- and achieved immortality.