Main idea

Topic sentence

Limits of ASEANs Maritime cooperation

Evidence:disappearance of MH370
1. Regional navies shifted from
confrontation over maritime disputes to
multilateral cooperation in search and
rescue (SAR) operations
2. Malaysias handling SAR operations
became the subject of public
recriminations
3. Malaysias Prime Minister held an
international press conference
4. Malaysia military radar detected what
was later presumed to be flight MH370
5. Chinas Deputy Foreign Minister
demanded more thorough and accurate
information
6. Xinhua took the Malaysian
government to task for its lack of
transparency and delays in reporting
relevant information
7. The ongoing MH370 saga has exposed
serious shortcomings in efforts to
establish an effective SAR regime
8. ASEAN-CHINA cooperation on search
and rescue has been marked by
procrastination
9. The DOC was charged with
implementing,among other
activities,search and rescue
cooperation
10. No guidelines were drawn up to
implement the Doc until 2011
11. At the sixth China-ASEAN Senior
Officials Meeting and the ninth Joint
Working Group Meeting on the
Implementation of the DOC,China
proposed a maritime emergency help
line
12. The ASEAN Political-Security
Community Blueprint recommended
that action be taken to promote
cooperation in maritime search and
rescue but restricted its
recommendations
13. ASEAN adopted the Declaration on
Cooperation in Search and Rescue of

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Supporting details

i.
ii.

Persons and Vessels in Distress at Sea

The focus of ASEAN SAR planning is
mainly on ships in distress at sea
As the MH370 incident
revealed,military assets are invariably
committed to SAR missions
The Singapore and Indonesian navies
co-hosted the inaugural ASEAN
Maritime Information Sharing Exercise
at Singapore
The seventh ASEAN Chiefs of Navy
Meeting endorsed the idea of
establishing hot lines to deal with
maritime emergencies
ASEAN SAR planning appears to be
based on the assumption that there will
be actionable information about the
location and causes of an aircraft in
distress over the sea
ASEAN will study the lessons learned
from the search for MH370 and
incorporate them into future SAR
policy planning
Malaysia should review its
management of the MH370
incident,study the lessons to be
learned,and make recommendations to
relevant ASEAN bodies
Malaysia should also review its
handling of the international
media,identify any possible
shortcoming or deficiences,and draw
up draft guidance for consideration by
other ASEAN members
Indonesian Navy is due to host the first
joint ASEAN and dialogue partner
naval exercise,which will focus on
military operations other than war
The larger impications of the MH370
incident on future multilateral regional
cooperation are less-clear
Extending multilateral SAR
cooperation to cover the South China
Sea proper is another matter
Comparisons
Contrasts

iii. Vivid descriptions

FLIGHT MH370 SHOWS LIMITS OF ASEANS MARITIME COOPERATION
Skeletal structure
General topic
Specific Topic
Problem issue

Search and rescue (SAR)

MH370
The limits of ASEANs maritime
cooperation
1.

Thesis statement

The Association of Southeast Asian

Nations (ASEAN) and the
International Civil Aviation
Organisation reached an agreement for
the Facilitation of Search for Aircrafts
in Distress and Rescue of Survivors of
Aircraft Accidents
2. ASEAN-China cooperation on search
and rescue has been marked by
procrastination.
-on December 7,2004 China and agreed to
establish a Joint Working Group on the
Implementationof the Declaration on
Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea
(DOC).The DOC was agreed to between
China and the ten members of ASEAN in
November 2002.Despite the creation of the
Joint Working Group in 2004,no guidelines
were drawn up to implement DOC until
2011.
3. A review of ASEAN efforts to forge
SAR cooperation reveals agreement
-policy objectives,progress in
implementation and capacity building but
few large-scale practical exercises
-none of the SAR activities addressed the
kinds of issues that emerged following the
disappearance of flight MH370
4. The ASEAN Political-Security
Community Blueprint
-action be taken to promote cooperation in
maritime search and rescue
-restricted its recommendations to

information sharing,technological
cooperation and exchange of visits by
authorities concerned
5. ASEAN adopted the Declaration on
Cooperation in Search and Rescue of
Persons and Vessels in Distress at Sea
- encouraged members to designate a
national Rescue Coordination
Center, to establish direct communication
channels to share information and assist in
search and rescue, and to
promptly extend support upon request to
assist in SAR operations.
6. the Declaration called for developing
and strengthening coordinated regional
approaches and for establishing or
upgrading regional policies,
operational mechanisms, plans and
communications system
7. military assets are invariably
committed to SAR missions, especially
in their initial phase. ASEAN Defense
Ministers, however, have not made
SAR a priority
-the ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting
(ADMM), established in 2006, began to
conduct tabletop exercises in 2011, but they
have not included SAR.
8. July 2012, the Singapore and
Indonesian navies co-hosted the
inaugural ASEAN Maritime
Information Sharing Exercise at the
Changi Command and Control Center
in Singapore
-it demonstrated the utility of a region-wide
electronic communication network. Later,
in September, the ASEAN Chiefs of Navy
Meeting held in Brunei agreed that the
center in Singapore should add SAR to its
responsibilities.
9. the seventh ASEAN Chiefs of Navy
Meeting
-endorsed the idea of establishing hot lines
to deal with maritime emergencies but
made no explicit mention of SAR exercises
or capacity-building

10. ASEANs past experience providing

humanitarian assistance and disaster
relief (HA/DR) to the victims of the
2006 tsunami and Cyclone Nargis in
2005 indicate that it will study the
lessons learned from the search for
MH370 and incorporate them into
future SAR policy planning
-likely to strengthen the protocols dealing
with aircraft as they transit from one
control zone to another, and speed up the
response if there is any glitch in the planes
ability to communicate while crossing into
another zone.
11. Malaysia should review its
management of the MH370 incident,
study the lessons to be learned, and
make recommendations to relevant
ASEAN bodies about how to process
and verify information coming from
such diverse sources
-civil airline authorities, military radar,
commercial satellite information and
information from intelligence-gathering
satellites.
12. Malaysia should also review its
handling of the international media,
identify any possible shortcoming or
deficiencies, and draw up draft
guidance for consideration by other
ASEAN members
-some guidance must be drawn up to
manage the expectations of the media
about what they can expect in an
emergency situation.
13. This Indonesian Navy is due to host
the first joint ASEAN and dialogue
partner naval exercise this year, which
will focus on military operations other
than war
-this joint exercise provides the opportunity
for SAR to be incorporated into the work
program of the ASEAN Defence Ministers
and their dialogue partners (ADMM Plus).
The ADMM Plus has six working groups,
responsibility for SAR could be delegated

to either the joint working group on

maritime security or the joint working
group on HA/DR.
14. The larger implications of the MH370
incident on future multilateral regional
cooperation are less clear
-all of the ASEAN littoral states, except
Cambodia, followed Malaysias lead and
offered assistance despite minor disputes
over maritime boundaries.
15. Extending multilateral SAR
cooperation to cover the South China
Sea proper
-The IMOs zone overlaps with the national
maritime boundaries claimed by littoral
states. This could cause difficulties for
effective cooperation in the event of a plane
crash in a disputed area. This is one area
where the ASEAN-China Joint Working
Group to Implement the DOC should give
priority attention.
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vocabularies through it.